Iikhemikhali kunye emzimbeni iimpawu, kunye izicelo oksijini

Four "chalcogen" elementa- ( "lobhedu owazalwa" ngamanye amazwi, ngaba) intloko ephambili iqelana amaqela VI (Ukuhlelwa entsha - iqela 16-th) le nkqubo ngamaxesha athile. Ngaphandle isalfure, selenium, tellurium, yaye oko kunxulumene mpilo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu element ixhaphakileyo on Earth, ngokunjalo isicelo nokufumana ioksijini.

Ukuxhaphaka i element

Umxholo oksijini kwesikhoko kakhulu-50%. Kungenxa kule izimbiwa ezahlukeneyo ngokohlobo oxides kunye neetyuwa.

Xa uhlobo ezinxulumene oksijini ifakiwe umchiza Ukwakhiwa wamanzi - ipesenti walo malunga ne 89%, kwaye iiseli zonke izidalwa eziphilayo - izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Emoyeni, ioksijini sikwimo simahla ngohlobo O2, othatha isahlulo sesihlanu ubume bayo, kwaye ngendlela Kwezinto Eziphelisa i - O3.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Oxygen O2 yigesi apho kungekho umbala, incasa kunye nevumba. Emanzini, emanzini kancinane. Ukupheka point - degrees 183 ngezantsi zero Celsius. I-oxygen engamanzi siluhlaza ngebala, futhi yakha ziikristale blue kwimo esiqinileyo. Ingongoma yokunyibilika ziikristale le mpilo 218,7 degrees Celsius.

iipropati chemical

Xa itshiswe, lwesi sakhi idityaniswe izinto ezininzi ezilula ezifana isinyithi kunye nonmetals, wakha ebizwa ngokuba yi-oxide - odibanisa izinto mpilo. Indlela abasabela imichiza apho iziqalelo beze oksijini, ebizwa igcwala.

Umzekelo,

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

S + O2 = SO2

Ezinye iikhompawundi nazo kuphendula ioksijini, ngaleyo zakha oxides:

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

2Co + O2 = 2CO2

Ukuba into Lize kancinci mpilo, ibizwa ngokuba igcwala kade. Umzekelo, le nkqubo yokubola ukutya, ezibolayo.

Ukufumana oxygen

Le Ingxenye yemichiza zingafumaneka kule elebhu kunye ibhizinisi mveliso.

Ukulungiswa oksijini elabhoratri yenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Xa indlela yokubola of potassium khloreyithi (Ipotaziyam khloreyithi).

2. Ngenxa yokubola iperoksayidi yehidrojeni ngokubeka amalahle phambi oxide manganese, esebenza njenge kuvala.

3. Ngenxa yokubola potassium permanganate.

Ukulungiswa oksijini kushishino olwenziwa ngeendlela:

1. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ioksijini zobugcisa lufumaneka emoyeni apho nokuqulethileyo eqhelekileyo malunga-20%, ngamanye amazwi, yesihlanu. Ukulungiselela le njongo umoya kuqala combusted, ukuyekelela umxube ezinomthamo ulwelo malunga 54% ioksijini, nitrogen engamanzi - 44%, kwaye argon engamanzi - 2%. Emva koko, le mimoya ezahlulwe nge inkqubo neyanamhlanje usebenzisa izithuba omncinane phakathi kumaqondo okubila ioksijini ulwelo ne-nitrogen engamanzi - thabatha 183 Degrees 198,5, ngokulandelelana. Kubonakala ukuba le nitrogen ngumphunga ngayo ngaphambi kwe-oksijini.

izixhobo Modern inika oksijini nayiphi ntumbuluko. Initrogen, efunyanwa ngokwahlula umoya ulwelo isetyenziswa njenge izinto ekrwada, kuyondelelaniswe avela kulo.

2. Electrolysis amanzi ubadlisa oksijini yoleyo ecocekileyo kakhulu. Le ndlela saka kumazwe ubuncwane kunye lombane wexabiso eliphantsi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini

Ioksijini yeyona nto iphambili ixabiso kwi ubomi emhlabeni. Le negesi, apho ikhoyo nokubakho kwi-atmosfera kuyaphela kwinkqubo yezityalo yokuphefumla, izilwanyana kunye nabantu.

Ukufumana oxygen ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinjalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ezifana amayeza, ukuwelda kunye ukusika otyhidiweyo, xa kuthe kwakho imbabala, moya (ngokuba wokuphefumla abantu kunye injini), kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Xa inkqubo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ioksijini kuyaphela kukuninzi - umz, ngokutshiswa kwamafutha: igesi yendalo, methane, amalahle, iinkuni. Kuzo zonke ezi nkqubo wavelisa carbon oxide. Xa olu hlobo linike inkqubo ngokwendalo yokucheba compound nge ifotosinthesisi, nto leyo ethatha indawo yezityalo eluhlaza phantsi yesenzo kwelanga. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, iswekile ibunjiwe, ngoko leyo kuyidla isityalo ukwakha kwizihlunu zazo.