Isiteshi seVolga-Baltic. Iinqwelo ze-Volga-Baltic

Iinqanawa zeNgxenye yeYurophu yaseRashiya zixhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi enye, ifanelekile ukuhamba ngomkhumbi weempahla kunye neempahla zokuhamba, iinqanawa kunye nezikebhe. Phakathi kweSt. Petersburg naseMoscow kukho "iihotele ezijikelezayo" - iinqanawa ezifanelekileyo. Inkqubela inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ngo-1964 umzila weLolga-Baltic unxweme olumanyeneyo kunye nemilambo enyakatho-ntshona yeRashiya. Ekuqaleni, indlela yayibizwa ngokuthi iMariinsky, kwaye ngo-1964 yayinegama layo lamanje. Uhambo lomlambo ojikelezayo lweVolga-Baltic lwaba luhlobo olonwabo kunye nolwasemgangathweni lweRussia kunye nabakhenkethi bezinye iintlanga.

UMariinsky - owayengummangaleli weVolga-Balt

Imizamo yokudibanisa isitya seVolga neLwandle lwaseBaltic senziwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaPetros Omkhulu, kodwa ngo-1810 kuphela iMariinsky Water Network yavulelwa ukuhamba kweenqanawa. Le projekthi enkulu yeenjini zeRashiya yaseRashiya yanikezelwa ibhaso eliphezulu kwi-International Paris Exhibition (1813). Ukuqala kwenkqubo yeMariinsky yayinguRebbinsk, ngoko ke intsebenzo yaqhutyelwa kunye neSheksna, Ichibi. Mhlophe, iphe. I-Kovzhe, i-Canal yaseMariinsky, eyayiwela emanzini ase-Volga naseBaltic. Emva koko umzila uqhubeka nomlambo. I-Vytegra, ilitye. Onego, r. Svir, echibi. Ladoga kunye nomlambo. Neve. Ubude obude bomgwaqo wamanzi be malunga ne-1100 km. Ngowe-1829, iNdlela yaseMariinsky yayixhunyiwe kuLwandle oluMhlophe ngamanqanawa, kwaye yagqithisa imibhede yomlambo. Ukuqulunqwa okukhulu kwenkqubo kuqalwe ngawo-1960, xa kwakhiwa iTekga yeBolga-Baltic. Imephu yendlela entsha ihambelane kwezinye iindawo kunye neMariinsky, kodwa inxalenye yeendawo zayo zobunjineli zihleli ngasemva. Umzila wamanzi, uqala ukusuka kwisixeko saseCherepovets, waqinisekisa ukuxhamla kweesitya ezilwandle ezinhlanu: i-Baltic, i-White, i-Azov, i-Black ne-Caspian.

Inqanawa yamanzi phakathi kweVolga neBaltic

Ukurhweba kwenziwa kwimilambo iNeva neSvir ngaphambi kokudalwa kweenkqubo zangoku zothutho lwamanzi. Ngowe-1964, kwisiza seminyaka eyi-150 yaseMariinsky, umgwaqo omtsha waqala ukusebenza. Umzila ogqithiseleyo weVolga-Baltic wakhiwa ngenani elincinci lezitshixo ngaphandle kwexesha le-tsarist, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo zanamhlanje. Inkqubo yobunjineli-i-hydraulic system yaxhaswa yi-3 izikhululo zamandla ombane, iindidi zamadama zobumba kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Ubude obude beendlela ukusuka kwi-Neva ukuya ekungeneni kweRibinsk Reservoir sele kufikile kuma-857 km. Ukuthutha kwabagibeli kwavulwa ngukuhamba kwinqanawa yaseKrasnogvardeyets, eyahamba ngemihla yokugqibela kaJuni 1964 esuka eLeningrad iya eJaroslavl.

Umzila wamanzi weVolga-Baltic wamanje

Indlela esuka eSt. Petersburg ukuya kwisixeko saseCherepovets iquka njalo: p. I-Neva, echibi. Ladoga, r. Svir, echibi. I-Onego, umzila weVolga-Baltic, uwela umda phakathi kweCaspian kunye neenqanawa zaseBaltic. Ubungakanani bezahlulo zokufakelwa ezidibanisa iRabinsk Reservoir kunye neLayga Lake lidlula i-360 km. Ukwahlukana kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezisemantla ye-waterhed u-113 m, i-Volga enye i-13.5 m. I-Volga-Baltic Canal iquka izakhiwo ezininzi ze-hydraulic (i-hydrounits, izigulana zamanzi, izakhiwo zamanzi), ukwakhiwa kwazo kuye kwaphumela ekunyuseni kwamanqanaba kwezinye iimitha ezili-mitha. Iziphumo zeebhanki zitshintshile, iziqithi ezintsha zivele. Ngaphantsi kwekhefu leSheksna okanye leCherepovets, elisemgangathweni kwiphondo yaseVologda, kwakukho iindawo ezindala zeMariinsky.

Uhambo lomlambo - uhambo olumnandi kwi-yacht, isikhephe, isikhephe

Iinqwelo ezihamba ngomsele weVolga-Baltic zihamba nge-Volga, i-Neva, eminye imilambo, kunye namachibi namanzi. Iindlela eziphambili zikhululekile ngeenqanawa zokuhamba. Kwishedyuli yokunyakaza kwabo ukunyuka kunikwa ukwenzela ukuba abahambi bakwazi ukubona izinto kwiibhanki zamanzi kunye neziqithi. Emva kokuhamba okuthakazelisayo, abakhenketho baphumule kwiikhabhi ezintle, badle kwiivenkile ezinika iindwendwe ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo. Iinqanawa ze-Cruise ziququzelela ukuzonwabisa kubagibeli, elunxwemeni kukho "ukupaka okuluhlaza" (iipenkiki, ukubhukuda, imidlalo kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa).

Iimpawu zommandla apho i-Volga-Baltic Waterway ifakwe khona

Imephu yecala elihle, liphazanyiswa yimpembelelo yokukhupha, ayiyikunika umfanekiso opheleleyo weendawo ezimangalisayo. Kwiibhanki zolule iindwendwe kunye namahlathi amancinci aneebhogi. Imozulu yintsimi imodareyitha, kodwa iimeko zayo eLake Ladoga zihluke kakhulu. Apha, imimoya esemantla ingabangela iziphepho, ngoNovemba zidala imeko eziyingozi zokuhamba. Ukuhamba kwemida kuyo yonke indawo, kubanzi ukuphakama kwamagagasi omoya yi-1.5 m. Iinyanga ezilungileyo kakhulu ukuhamba ngoJuni noJulayi. Ihlobo laseRashiya elisenyakatho-ntshona-ntshona lifudumala elitshisa, amandla angaphantsi komoya kunye nolonwabo kwiLadoga. Ixesha lobusuku obumhlophe, obukuvumela ukuba ujabule ubuhle bendalo esenyakatho malunga newashi.

Iiparele kwi "necklace" yeVolga-Baltic Way

ILadoga kunye namanxweme e-Onega beliqela lezona zinkulu zendalo zaseYurophu. Izitya ezivela kwimvelaphi yazo ngenxa yeqhwala, eyaphuma ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka edlulileyo. Ubunzulu bobunzulu bukaLadoga bungaphezu kwama-230 m, i-Onega-120 m. Kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kubonakala "emabunzini emvu" -wabizwa ngokuba ngamatye, aqhutywe ngeelwimi zeqhwa.

Amahlathi kunye neentaba eziqingqiweyo ezihamba ngeelwandle. I-spruce kunye nepine iphambili, i-birch, i-aspen, i-elm, i-alder ifumaneka. Ihlobo livuyiswa ngotshani oluqatha, ubutyebi beentyatyambo kunye namajikijolo. Izilwanyana zibala iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana ezincelisayo kunye neentaka, phakathi kwazo kukho ininzi yamanzi. Ukuziva ngokugqibeleleyo kwiintlanzi zeentlanzi zentengiso (i-whitefish, i- perch, i-carp kunye nabanye). Ummandla ohlambulukileyo ohlambulukileyo wehlathi, kude nakwiindawo zamanzi kunye neziqhamo zoshishino zeCalga-Baltic Canal, ngokungathi zidalwe ukuhamba nokuzonwabisa. ULadoga no-Onega akuzona iiparele zendalo kuphela kwi-Volga-Balta necklace. ILwandle eLwandle oluMhlophe, amaqonga abangela ukuba kugcinwe umzobo wendawo ezonwabisa ngokuzonwabisa. Kwiibhanki kukho iinqwelo zokuhamba, iindawo zokupaka, ii-coffee, indawo yokudlala kunye neeholide zokuphumla.

Uhambo olumnandi lweVolgo-Baltic

Ubume beNyakatho-ntshona yeRussia Federation inomdla ngeembono ezintle ze-echibi lehlathi, umlambo nomlambo. Indawo yokugcina indawo ithatha amakhulu amabini abahambi. Abakhenkethi abahamba bevela eSt. Petersburg baya eMoscow kwaye baya kubona iimpawu zexesha elide elidlulileyo kwiintliziyo zaseRashiya. Ngoko, ngokuchasene nentlango yaseYiputa, ehlala kwixesha elidlulileyo ngabaxhamli-abalandeli bemfundiso yokuqala yamaKristu, iindwendwe zaseMerzerye zabizwa ngokuba yi "Russian Thebaid."

Iindawo ezihamba phambili zokuhamba:

• Uhambo olunye lweentsuku eziya kwisiqithi saseValaam ngaseLake Ladoga;
• Ukutyelela isiqithi sase-Kizhi kunye ne-Museum-Reserve;
• Izihlandlo ngesiqhekeza kwiLadoga kunye neLwandle lwase-Onega;
• Uhambo oluya kwiVolga-Baltic ngokutyelela kwi-capital yaseRashiya kunye nezinye iindlela.

Ukungafani kweVolgo-Balt

Imihlaba yeSixeko ekude ukusuka eSt. Petersburg ukuya empuma naseningizimu, kwaye ukusuka eMoscow ukuya ngasentla, iyakuthatyathwa ngokunyanisekileyo yimifuno yehlathi lehlathi. Ngaphambi kwamehlo abagibeli beenqanawa okanye i-yacht, izakhiwo zasendulo, iimbombo ezimangalisayo zendalo, zihamba. Ngexesha lokuhamba kunye neVolga-Baltic unokutyelela eSt. Petersburg kunye namadlelo, ubone iintlobo zaseMoscow, iinqanawa, iindawo zembali-i-Uglich, i-Yaroslavl kunye nabanye.

Ngokuthuthumela ngokwenene, abahambahambayo nabahambahambayo baya kwisiqithi saseValaam emanzini aseLadoga Ichibi, apho kuhlala khona iindwendwe ezidumile. Phezulu kwamanzi e-Onega kukho isiqithi saseKizhi, ubuqaqawuli babo budalwa ngamasampuli aseRashiya ekwakhiwa kwekhulu le-XVIII. Njengoko sisondela kwikomkhulu, iibhanki ezilungiselelwe kakuhle kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zekhonkrithi zihamba zidlulile, ukugqithwa kwamanzi omlambo okuzolileyo kuvezwe ngapha kwelo nqanawa. Imbonakalo engalibalekiyo ifunyenwe ngabakhenkethi ngokungafaniyo kwimimandla esemantla kunye nemimandla yeendawo ezisemadolobheni amakhulu aseRashiya eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg.