Isithixokazi Egypt: lamagama, iifoto. Oothixo noothixokazi baseYiputa yamandulo: uluhlu

Kuba lonke ihlabathi abantu bamandulo wazaliswa imfihlelo. Ubuninzi indawo yabo, waqonda ngokuthi angaziwa kwaye ezoyikisayo. oothixo yamandulo zaseYiputa abantu zendalo kunye nemikhosi kwemvelo ukuba zinceda ukuqonda isakhiwo iphela.

Kela oothixo baseYiputa

Iinkolelo koothixo kwaye i kokufa babekwa impucuko yamandulo zaseYiputa evela luqale, kwaye amalungelo ooFaro ngokusekelwe imvelaphi yazo kuThixo. umiwe labo kunye namandla kwemvelo ngawo bancedisana amakholwa aze abakhusele oothixo baseYiputa. Kodwa bambi babesoloko eluncedo, ke ngoko, ukuze bamthande, umthandazo nje kuphela, kodwa iindidi neminikelo ezifunekayo.

Ababhali-mbali oothixo ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini oothixo ngamaYiputa amandulo. Oothixo eziphambili noothixokazi eYiputa yamandulo, waqubuda kuyo yonke indawo ubukumkani ezinamagama ngaphantsi kwekhulu. Inala abanye babenqula kuphela kwezinye izizwe nemimandla. inkolo yesizwe, nto leyo eye ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho ezininzi senziwe kunye nophuhliso mpucuko baseYiputa amandulo kunye nenkcubeko. Oothixo noothixokazi baseYiputa bezihlala zitshintsha iwonga kunye nendawo yazo kwiqela elinegunya, kuxhomekeka amandla alawula yezopolitiko.

iinkolelo kwelizayo

AmaYiputa ayekholelwa ukuba ngamnye umntu iqulathe amalungu omzimba nangokomoya. Ukongezelela Mid-Atlantic Ridge (body) umntu undoqo shu (isithunzi okanye icala elibi komphefumlo), ba (umphefumlo), Ka (amandla obomi). Emva kokufa umoya akhululwa umzimba yaye waqhubeka khona, kodwa ukuba uhlala emzimbeni kuyimfuneko okanye ezitshintshwayo (umzekelo oqingqiweyo) - njengoko ikhaya elisisigxina.

Eyona njongo iphambili ye-umfi ukuhlanganisa ka yakhe ba lokuba abe ngomnye "Banoyolo abafileyo", abahlala nezembe (ifom ngokomoya). Ukuze oko kwenzeke, kamfi kwafuneka avume ofanele enkundleni, apho intliziyo yakhe esikalini ngokuchasene "iintsiba wenyaniso". Ukuba Oothixo yakholwa ufile Ufanele, akwazi kuqhubeka khona emhlabeni ngohlobo moya. Kwaye ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba ngumongo BA waba kuphela oothixo noothixokazi baseYiputa. Umzekelo, i-Ra Ephakamileyo wayesele ezisixhenxe ba, kodwa kamva ababingeleli sele uqinisekile ukuba wonke umntu unalo eli qumrhu, nto leyo eyayingqina isondele koothixo.

Akukho ngaphantsi umdla intliziyo, kungekhona ingqondo, yayigqalwa kwisihlalo iingcamango neemvakalelo, ngoko ingaba enkundleni ukuze angqine okanye ngokuchasene mntu ubhubhileyo.

Inkqubo yonqulo

Koothixo babenqula kwiitempile ezilawulwa yi ngababingeleli omele likaFaro. Xa iziko le itempile oqingqiweyo uthixo okanye uthixokazi eYiputa, kwanikezelwa izithethe. Iitempile abazange iindawo zonqulo okanye ibandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ufikelelo kwi-isimntwiso unkulunkulu isithethe unqulo sele lineminyaka ihlabathi ngaphandle kwaye ifumaneka kuphela ngabefundisi. Kuphela ngexesha ezinye imibhiyozo oqingqiweyo kaThixo wanyamezela ukuba unqulo lwasesidlangalaleni.

abemi abaqhelekileyo kunqula izithixo kunye nemifanekiso yabo kunye eziqwini ekhaya, zinika ukhuselo evela namandla isiphithiphithi. Ngenxa emva indima uFaro uBukumkani bukaThixo njenge umlamleli enkulu ngokomoya kwapheliswa izenzo zonqulo ziye kwatshintsha kunqulo ngqo woothixo. Ngenxa yoko, ababingeleli liphuhlise inkqubo zezihlabo ukunxibelelana ukuthanda koothixo ngqo amakholwa.

ukubonakala

Uninzi oothixo baseYiputa ngokoqobo, njengokuba umthetho, yintlanganisela abantu kunye nezilwanyana, abaninzi kubo baye ezinxulumene kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba isimo wahlala oothixo okanye uthixokazi eYiputa, ixhomekeke ngqo kwi umfanekiso yezilwanyana apho, ehamba inkangeleko yazo. Yobuntu nomsindo baboniswa yengonyama komsindo yachwayitha yasezulwini ingajongeka kukho ikati ezinothando.

Ukugxininisa uhlobo namandla oothixo, nabo basiwa ukumela umzimba womntu kwaye i intloko isilwanyana, okanye ngolunye uhlobo. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndlela ukuze sicacise kwesandla sikaFaro, wayengase ezotywe ngumntu entlokweni kwaye sengonyama emzimbeni, njengoko kwimeko esinconywayo seSPHINX sizi.

oothixo abaninzi kuphela kwifom yabantu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ezifana manani njengoko oothixo bamandulo kakhulu cosmogonic noothixokazi laseYiputa: Air - Shu, umhlaba - Geb, esibhakabhakeni - Nut, ukuchuma - Min kunye Ptah yezandla.

Kukho intaphane oothixo ezincinane, abathatha kwiifomu abangaqhelekanga, kubandakanywa Amat isithixokazi, idla abafileyo. umfanekiso wakhe yinxalenye ingwenya, ingonyama imvubu.

oothixo Ennead

Kwiintsomi zaseYiputa, kukho asithoba oothixo ezinkulu solar, ezo ezaziwa ngokuba Ennead. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo enkulu ezisithoba Ungokobuthixo Heliopolis ebumelwaneni ilanga, apho kwakukho iziko lonqulo uthixo ophakamileyo njengoAtum (Amun, Amon Ra, Ptah) kunye nezinye oothixo ezinkulu ezinxulumene nayo. Ngoko ke, baba oothixo eziphambili noothixokazi lwamagama Egypt: Amun, Geb, Nut, Isis, uOsiris, Shu, Tefnut, Nephthys, elinguSete.

Oyena Thixo Uphakamileyo eYiputa yamandulo

NjengoAtum - uthixo pervotvoreniya, owadala wayesela kaNun, izidubedube ephambili thile unxibelelwano ntsapho bonke oothixo ezinkulu eYiputa yamandulo. In IThebes umdali Amun kucingwe, okanye Amon-Ra, owathi, ezinjengoZeus kwiintsomi zamaGrike, waba nguthixo njengowongamileyo, ukumkani bonke oothixo noothixokazi. Kwakhona ingqalelo uyise koFaro.

Ifom noyinkazana Amun yi amunet. "Theban Triad" - Amun kunye Mut, kunye nenzala yabo Hounsou (Moon uThixo) - baqubuda eYiputa yamandulo nangaphezulu. UAmon uthixo oyintloko uAmoni, igunya njengoko isixeko uAmoni wavuka ukusuka kwidolophana encinane ebukumkanini endala ibe sixeko enamandla kuMbindi nezikumkani New wakhula kabani. Wavuka ukuba umxhasi ooFaro Theban, yaye ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukwenza indima uthixo kwelanga Ra, isithixo ezibalaseleyo zobukumkani yamandulo.

Amen uthetha ", iifom ezifihlakeleyo twisisaka." Wayedla wabonakala njengoko indoda ilokhwe, sithsaba sam kunye nento ephakathi kabini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uthixo ophakamileyo baboniswa inkunzi yegusha okanye usiba. Ingongoma kukuba uyilo oluyinene lukaThixo ayikwazi kuvezwa. Ukunqulwa Amun isasazeke kude ngaphaya umda waseYiputa, yena waqubuda e Ethiopia, Nubia, Libya kunye neenxalenye Palestine. KwanamaGrike ukuba Amon waseYiputa nto ibonakalisa uthixo kaZeyus. Nkqu Aleksandr Makedonsky ubone kufanelekile ukuba ahlole Nal Amun.

Imisebenzi kunye amagama oothixo eziphambili baseYiputa Ancient

Ngoko, ngoko cinga uluhlu encinane izithixo eziphambili.

• Shu - Tefnut indoda, uyise ka-Geb kunye Nut. Yena nomfazi wakhe oothixo yokuqala, adalwe njengoAtum. Shu unkulunkulu umoya kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokwesiqhelo uchazwa njengomntu unxibe isigqubuthelo ngokohlobo ndzhendzheleko. Shu function ukugcina umzimba uthixokazi Nut, nizahlule izulu emhlabeni. Shu wayengekho isithixo solar, kodwa indima kwelanga edityaniswe kuye uthixo Ra.
• Geb - uyise uOsiris, Isis, USeti Nephthys. Waye ngokunxulumene rhoqo kunye uthixokazi Nut logama nje abazange ukwabelana Shu. Njengoko uThixo wehlabathi, yena okuzala, kwakucingwa ukuba inyikima - it kukuhleka neGibheha.
• Osiris - unyana ka Geb kunye Nut. Endandizinqula njengothixo kwelabafileyo. Kwisikhumba eluhlaza - uphawu lohlaziyo kunye nokukhula - Kwakhona Osiris waye uthixo umxhasi kwezityalo kunye neebhanki ochumileyo zeNayile. Nangona isibakala sokuba Osiris wabulawa umzalwana wakhe uSete, ebomini (kuba ekhulelwe unyana Horus) nomfazi wakhe babuyela Isis.
• NguSete - uthixo izaqhwithi kunye entlango, yaye kamva wazihlanganisa sisiphithiphithi nobumnyama. Yena uchazwa umntu intloko yenja kunye bhuqe elide, kodwa maxa wambi kukho umfanekiso wakhe yehagu, kwena, imvubu okanye unomadudwane. Lozala omnye wabalinganiswa okhokelayo ilivo Isis kunye Osiris. Ngenxa ukuthandwa nokukhula ukunqulwa uOsiris, uSete baba ziidemon, kunye nemifanekiso zakhe ziye zisuswe amabandla. Nakuba kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo eYiputa yamandulo solo banqula njengomnye izithixo eziphambili.

umama uthixokazi

Intloko oothixo saseYiputa nothixokazi ongumama ababhinqileyo, protectress ukufuma kunye nobushushu Tefnut. Shu nomfazi wokuqala kathixokazi, yenziwe yi njengoAtum, kwi zeemposiso kubizwa ngokuba intombi iliso Ra. Kamva waba ezichongiweyo kunye Mut, umfazi Amun kunye unina Khonsu, wayengomnye oothixokazi eziphambili Theban. Wayesoyikwa umama enkulu kaThixo. Mut lidla uchazwa nje kukuzibhijabhija, isithsaba ezimhlophe ebomvu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imifanekiso entlokweni yakhe okanye umzimba entanyeni, kwakunye ngokohlobo lenkomo, ngenxa yokuba ixesha kamva, nto udityaniswe Hathor, omnye umama enkulu eNgcwele, apho ngokuqhelekileyo uchazwa umfazi kunye iimpondo yemazi yenkomo.

Imisebenzi kunye namagama oothixokazi waseYiputa yamandulo

Ngoku cinga uluhlu wenyama ababhinqileyo kaThixo.

• Iiertyisi - isithixokazi zezulu, unina ka-uOsiris, Isis, USeti Nephthys, umfazi udade Banj. Ngokuqhelekileyo wabonakalaliswa ngokobuntu, umzimba wayo evuthelweyo sesona esibhakabhakeni. Njengenxalenye babezinikele lemimoya kunye nomgcini yemiphefumlo, ivame ezotywe kwisilingi iitempile, amangcwaba kunye sarcophagi ngaphakathi esicikweni. Kwaye unanamhla phezu izinto zakudala kunokubonwa umfanekiso uthixokazi waseYiputa. Iifoto frescos yamandulo Nut kunye Geb ibonisa ingcamango amaYiputa amandulo malunga isakhiwo iphela.

• Isis - isithixokazi ngumama nokuchuma, abakhusela abantwana isibhovubhovu, unina uthixo Horus, umfazi udade Osiris. Xa umyeni wakhe othandekayo wabulawa umzalwana wakhe uSete yena, baqokelela iinxalenye zixhaxhwe yomzimba wakhe waza armbands zabo, uvuselela uOsiris, yaye ngaloo ndlela ebeka isiseko indlela yamandulo saseYiputa bomisa abafileyo babo. Osiris babuyele ebomini, Isis kananjalo wasungula ingqiqo lovuko, nto leyo eyaba enkulu nempembelelo nakwezinye iinkonzo, kubandakanya ubuKristu. Isis uchazwa umfazi ephethe ngesandla sakhe le ankh (iqhosha yobomi), ngamanye amaxesha umzimba umfazi kunye nentloko wemazi okanye isithsaba iimpondo yenkomo.

• Nephthys, okanye uNkosikazi eMonastri komhlaba - udade yesibini ka uOsiris, umntwana omncinane yentsapho kaThixo Geb kunye Nut, elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba isithixokazi ekufeni, okanye umgcini misongo. Kamva ke bunxulunyaniswa uthixokazi Seshat, patroness koFaro, ogama umsebenzi kukuba ukukhusela yendyebo yokumkani kwaye sibone ubude wolawulo koFaro. ixesha Twilight ingqalelo kwanetempile yothixokazi, amaYiputa babekholelwa ukuba Nephthys ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise icanda isibhakabhaka ebusuku, yaye Isis - besesikhepheni ngemini. Zombini thixokazi baqubuda njengoko nomkhuseli kwabafileyo, ukuze ngokufuthi uchazwa njengomntu ukhetshe okanye abafazi ezinamaphiko kwiitempile, amangcwaba kunye ezineziciko sarcophagi. Nephthys igqibe uluhlu 'uthixokazi ezingundoqo eYiputa. " Olu ludwe izakuqhubekeka ubuncinci kuhlonitshwa.

uthixokazi wamandla Egypt

• Sekhmet - isithixokazi imfazwe kunye impiliso, abakhusela koFaro kunye usompempe kwiholo wenkundla Osiris. Uchazwa yengonyama.
• Bastet - kwanetempile yothixokazi baqubuda ngomama umYiputa. Kudla uchazwa nje bume ikati ekati. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhusela ngobundlobongela abantwana babo, yayijongwa omnye oothixokazi abakhohlakeleyo kunye ebulalayo.

• Maat waye isimntwiso uthixokazi wenyaniso, yokuziphatha, ubulungisa nocwangco. Umela ukuvisisana iphela yaye ongafaniyo isiphithiphithi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ithatha inxaxheba ephambili kumsitho we alwaba intliziyo kwiholo kokufa xa ndifika enkundleni. Ngokwesiqhelo uchazwa umfazi kunye Iintsiba leenciniba phezu kwentloko yakhe.
• Uto, okanye Butoh - umongikazi yothixo uHorus. Kwanobo wayesoyikwa nomondli abakhusela koFaro eziphilayo. Butoh wayesoloko ukulungele ukuba uye nanini na utshaba isakhono kaFaro, ngoko uchazwa nje cobra, entwine le disk elanga (uraeus), kwaye isoloko zibandakanyiwe kwi Crown Amagugu eYiputa njengophawu ulongamo.
• Hathor - isithixokazi ngumama nokuchuma, abakhusela ubugcisa ocoliweyo, okwabizwa ngokuba uyinkosikazi izulu, nomhlaba kunye kwelabafileyo. Vysokopochitaemaya isithixokazi kumaYiputa amandulo. Olu suku lubonwa uMkhuseli olumkileyo, uhlobo nokuthantamisa wabahleliyo nabafileyo. Hathor amaninzi uchazwa umfazi kunye iimpondo cow kunye uraeus phezu kwentloko yakhe.

Ezi sithixo yamandulo ababhinqileyo kakhulu wayesoyikwa ngabantu. Ukwazi indlela thixokazi ebizwa eYiputa, indalo kwabo nzima kunye nesantya kubulawa, amaYiputa ngoloyiko kukududuzela imithandazo sacengceleza amagama abo.