Isoamylalcohol

Ukucutha utywala monohydric, omnye isomers ezisibhozo pentanol, - oko isoamyl utywala (formula kwemichiza - C5H11OH, kusengqiqweni - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, kwaye reseach - C5H12O). Igama yenkqubo iziyobisi - 3-methylbutanol-1. Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo - isopentanol (Isopentanol) kunye izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Utywala izinyo mass ilingana 88,148 g / Mol. Abonakala ngayo kungemnandi-imore, ecacileyo, engamanzi ezingenambala leyo elula ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ukuxinana osisiqu ecocekileyo-20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol linyibilike kubushushu ka thabatha 117,2 ° C kunye abilayo kwi 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl utywala yenye isomers ezintathu amyl utywala, nto leyo zingcono kancinci ezinye ezinyibilikayo amanzi. ukunyibilika kwayo amanzi 28 g / l. Ugalelwe acetone, diethyl iEtere, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid (glacial). Dynamic viscosity kotywala 3.692 MPA • s. Isopentanol lulwelo ingozi yomlilo (oku ulwelo olunokutsha). Yayo imida umonakalo 1,2-9%, flash indawo - 42 ° C dibanisa, autoignition - dibanisa 350 ° C.

Isopentanol amaqela iphambili yeoli fusel (it luqokelelane ekwenziweni ethanol), kwaye salungiselela kuzo. imveliso kotywala nqubo sikuko ngokushushubeza aphila ukususa ukukhanya kuphelela (kuqala azeotrope Yek ethanol-amanzi, koko ukwandisa lobushushu-butanol iye Yek waya azeotrope amanzi). zokufudumeza vetshe an evaporator ivumela kulwabiwo utywala isoamyl, kunye eseleyo namasalela enzima ethunyelwe kwenkunkuma. Ngokuguqula parameters inkqubo (amaqondo obushushu, njalo njalo) lilawulwa umgangatho imveliso yokugqibela. Isiphumo isopentanol kunye iqhezu ngobuninzi ka -methylbutanol 3-1 ukuya 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) okanye 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

Phambi ngumnxibelelanisi, esetyenziswa sulphuric acid, utywala isoamyl idityaniswe acetic acid glacial. Le equation angabhalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Le yokusabela has amagama ezimbini: Fischer basabela okanye esterification reaction. Isiphumo i Ester (isoamyl acetate) kunye namanzi. Le resin exchange Companion asidi ingasetyenziswa njengomkhawulezisi endaweni sulphuric acid. acetate Isoamyl yinto isongo ngumntu, ethi isetyenziswe ukwenza incasa ukutya banana. Ukongeza, ukuba isebenza kuphela ukuba lacquers nitrocellulose abanye abasebenzisi (pheromone) ukutsala amaqela amakhulu leenyosi kwi ariya encinci. Ngenxa yevumba olukhulu ezimnandi kunye zinetyhefu esezantsi, acetate isoamyl isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza respirators okanye iimaski.

utywala Isoamyl sisiyobisi, kuba ayityhefu. umphunga zayo kuyacaphukisa kwiinwebu phecana yokuphefumla, ibangela ekhohlela kunye dyspnea. Oku kuyingozi xa ukuginyile okanye ukurhogele. Kungabangela central system ukudakumba luvo. Ubukhulu becala ubunzima yityhefu utywala inkqubo luvo, imiphunga, amehlo, isikhumba. Imihla iyoluka okanye umfowunelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye naye kukhokelela ukoma ulusu kunye bamafutha. Ngenxa yokufakwa lwenzeka aphazamiseke zesisu kunye isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Betha naye emiphungeni ezibangela imichiza pneumonitis kunye esibulalayo. ukusebenza ezidakumbisayo kwenzeka zikhala yintloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ilahleko lokuqonda. Ngenxa yoko, le ixhoba kuwa isiqaqa.

Ukuba isoamyl utywala lingene emehlweni akho, ukuba ixesha elide (ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15), wahlamba namanzi amaninzi kwaye ufune uncedo lonyango. Xa engena eluswini, le nxalenye kwakhona akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi. Thatha off iingubo ezimdaka kunye nezihlangu. Ukuba ukuluma luphuhlisa ezingisa, ngoko funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza. Impahla ngaphambi kokuba kwakhona ngokuyimfuneko ukucima. Xa ukuginyile, ukufumana uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuzama ukumgabhisa umntu ngaphandle kokuba eyalelwe njalo ngabasebenzi zonyango. Umntu zingqondweni, ungaze into ngomlomo. Ukuba ukugabha kwenzeka ngokwendalo, ixhoba ndayame phambili. Ukuba ngababini Ityhefu isoamyl utywala isigulane bazise ukuba umoya. Ukuba uthe ukuphefumla, CPR. Ukuba ukuphefumla nzima ukunika oksijini. uncedo lonyango iyafuneka! Ugqirha umisele impatho ibonisa nezixhasayo.