Itha - yintoni na le nto? Iimpawu kunye nesicelo yebhitumene

Itha - le yenye izinto zokwakha badala abaziwayo emntwini. Kule mihla, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ibandakanya kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ongazikhetha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule eziphathekayo.

uhlobo

izinto Bituminous - kukho izinto eziphilayo, ezibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi.

• Ibhitumene. Ngaba izinto viscous okanye izinto eziqinileyo eliquka iikhompawundi ezinekhabhohayidrethi kunye nezakhi zawo. Iindlela wesiseko zabo iinkqubo igcwala endalo polymerization oyile. Bona isibetho iindawo ioli. itha Pure yendalo - kukho into enqabileyo.
• iintlobo asphalt. Olu hlobo ifumaneka rhoqo ngaphezu ezidlulileyo. It is misindo. , Batyunyuzwa kwaye ungacolwanga. Njengoko kuvela ngetha endleleni.
• Oil. It is a uhlobo izinto zedolophu. Oveliswa kwinkqubo nokusulungekiswa. Ukungqinelana uhlobo lomjikelo inkqubo itha ezinjalo yahlulwe lentsalela, igcwala kunye genge.

isakhiwo

Ibhitumene kokwakhiwa zilandelayo version zakudala:

• ukuya 80% carbon;
• kwi-15% hydrogen;
• ukususela nge-2 ukuya ku-9% of sulphur;
• hayi ngaphezulu kwe-5% ioksijini;
• 0 ukuya kwisi-2% nitrogen.

Ezi zinto ke ngokohlobo ezizizembiwa iikhompawundi, isalfure, ioksijini kunye nitrogen.

Zonke izinto ke zihlelwa ngokwamaqela amathathu.

1. Icandelo Solid - eliphezulu hydrocarbon ubunzima molekyuli ebizwa asphaltenes. Kukho kwakhona amacandelo engqindilili paraffins.

2. emahlamvini - izinto amorphous, leyo kufuneka umbala emnyama omdaka.

3. Le iqhekeza oyile - ke hydrocarbon awohlukeneyo abe mninzi ngaphantsi kwe-1.

Itha - ke into enzima ezinomlinganiselo elithile onke amacandelo. Yandisa ubunzima baso asphaltenes kungandisa lukhuni, brittleness kunye ukuthambisa lobushushu.

Le amafutha kwakhona ukunciphisa ductility yebhitumene, ngoko ingqalelo ihlawulwe eyimveliso ukuncipha ikuquletheyo ku-5% okanye ngaphantsi.

enkulu isicelo

Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ebonakalayo umahluko amasimi zilandelayo isicelo yebhitumene;

• ukwakhiwa kwendlela;
• yophahla;
• zingangenwa;
• production elektorokabelya;
• technology Shino-irabha;
• amabhetri;
• iipeyinti kunye ivanishi;
• yokunyibilikisa isinyithi;
• production uglebriketov;
• Nokusulungekiswa.

Imisebenzi yokwakha kwi itha yayo na umbandela uthandwayo amanzi angangeni izinto ezininzi, ingakumbi izisele kunye emagumbini.

indlela oyile

Ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezisetyenziswa indlela petroleum ngebhitumene (GOST 22245-90). Kukho iintlobo ezininzi izinto ezinjalo.

Ukuze ukukhetha uhlobo ekunene, kufuneka achaze uhlobo lommandla kwemozulu.

Kuba iimeko zendalo obubonakala ngokuba ubushushu kwixesha abandayo ayikho ngaphezulu kwe -20? C kwi-avareji, zifanelekile ngokungqinelana bitumens indlela GOST ezifana nerd 200/300, 130/200 nerd kunye nerd 90/130.

Kuba kwiingingqi apho umlinganiselo wobushushu ngexesha ebandayo kuluhlu ngonyaka ukususela -10 ukuya -20? C, inika ngebhitumene petroleum indlela II III lwamimandla imozulu wendlela. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo ngentla, kwakunye 60/90.

Ukuba lobushushu avareji yenyanga ngexesha ebandayo kulo nyaka zezi ku ezahlukene -5 ukuya -10? C, Standard libonelela ukusetyenziswa yebhitumene yendlela ioli njengokuba zonke iintlobo ngentla, kwakunye nerd 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

Kuba iindawo apho imiyinge ubusika ebonakala amaqondo obushushu alithe gangqa-5? C, itha indlela oyile efanelekileyo iintlobo ezifana nerd 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 nerd, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

namafutha

Kukho iintlobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha nje iindlela kodwa iipropati zokuhlala. Le brand jikelele. Kukho ezintathu kuphela brand, ezibandakanya ibhitumene petroleum ezifana BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

Njengoko ngokunjalo indlela petroleum ngetha, GOST elawula imiqathango isicelo kweentlobo ngasinye, ngokuba yebhitumene yokwakha izenzo GOST 6671-76.

Inowuthi lobushushu yokusingqongileyo, izinto elastic ngakumbi kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukwakha. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ubude balo nexesha lomsebenzi.

izinto Oil ezifulelwe

Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo imisebenzi ukufakwa eliseluphahleni ngokusebenzisa ngetha ezizodwa. Iimpawu kunye izicelo kulawulwa GOST 9548-74. Lo mgangatho kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezintathu izinto zokuxhoma:

• BOC 90/30 - uye umda efana ukuyilwa ukutyabeka maleko eliseluphahleni.
• BNK 40/180 - isetyenziselwa ukwenza le ukumitha.
• BNK 45/190 - ikhethiwe ngokufumana nokusingathwa izinto zokuxhoma for eluphahleni.

Iimpawu eziphembelela uhlobo lwezinto wendlela

indlela asphalt, GOST obonelela iintlobo into enjalo luphawulwa ngeempawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Nganye inika umgangatho othile eziphathekayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo, esicacisa kwenkululeko the yebhitumene zithathwa ductility, ingongoma ukuthamba, brittleness, obumbeneyo njengembumbulu, viscosity, iipropati kwakuse.

amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukukhuthaza kokwandiswa iqondo yebhitumene viscosity. Xa kubanda ngayo ithe umgangatho eziphathekayo kunye nexesha ukufikelela umda thermal uba krobo.

Kuyanceda ukuba ukwandisa plasticity ye kongezwe izinto oyile. Lwebhitumene petroleum Neqabaka ngakumbi, ayanda umgangatho kwiklasi.

ezibengezelayo lobushushu kwakhona into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba izinto ezifana indlela ngetha. Standard inika ixabiso eqhelekileyo yale parameter ku +200? C nangaphezulu. Ubushushu ezidanyazayo ngaphezulu, i-arhente LINGATSHA asezantsi.

rate adhesion kuya kukunceda ukuba ubazi kakuhle kangakanani bakubamba ngetha isiseko komhlaba. I aphezulu amanqaku, ngokuqina umbandela igcinwe phezu komhlaba.

Ithekhinoloji usebenzisa izixhobo

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kweendlela kunye nezinye izibonelelo, le bhitumene ubuchwepheshe efudumeleyo-up. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho ethile. Ubuchule besebenzisa inkcazelo ilele neempawu into efana yebhitumene. GOST ityhila iimpawu zayo ibalulekileyo.

Ukufudumeza izinto ezisetyenziswa ukwakha kunye nokulungiswa, imbiza olukhethekileyo kunye neendonga zamafu ngentsimbi nesivalo hermetically lokuvala. Ububanzi umbandela uya kumvumela ukuba overcooking.

2/3 tank kuhluthiswa. Itha phambi kokuba zilayishwe zahlulwe zibe ziingceba ubungakanani amancinci.

Ukufudumeza lwenziwa kwi umlilo omncinane, yaye izinto linyibilike de enobunzima eyohlobo olulodwa. Xa lo mbandela langaphandle lisusiwe yokugalela zabo ezizodwa. Reserve ayaphola lobushushu 200? C.

Ukufudumeza kubushushu ka +160 ukuya +170? C zanyibilika itha malunga 3 h. Ukuba ukwandisa ukuba ixabiso umda, inkqubo zokufudumeza iya kuba iyure-1 kuphela.

Itha lweendlela akanako ukuma ukwandisa ubushushu phezu +200? C, kuba iimpawu zabo kule ziya kugxagxiseka. Xa 220? C uqalisa ukwakha coke.

Xa itha ebilayo eveliswa ezingemnandi umsi otyheli-eluhlaza, yaye akuba umda ukuya +240? C elayibrari aphuke. Ke kwekhava kwibhoyila kufutshane ukucima amadangatye.

Emva nobushushu kwaye ezibengezelayo indlela ngebhitumene iba zaqina kwaye akukho Ayisalungele umsebenzi wokwakha okanye ukulungiswa.

Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa

yokugcina itha lenzeka kwamatanki ekhethekileyo. Bona baxhotyiswa iindlela esichukumisayo elibaselwe ngumoji kweziyobisi. Le ndlela kufuneka umendo feed ngomphunga ekhethekileyo lokuthintela ezibengezelayo izinto umphunga.

Ukuze silambathise kwiitanki zibonelelwa kwi ezantsi ethambekeni.

Technique nokuthutha indlela asphalt elulwelo, baxhotyiswa iimpompo ezizodwa sokumpompa eziphathekayo.

Ukuba umbandela uthuthwa ifomu eziqinileyo, wasebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo ibhakede.

Ngexesha Uthutho nokuStorisha anikwa zonke iimfuno zokhuseleko komlilo, njengoko inxulumene kwibhitumene ezinokutsha. Agcwalise zonke imithetho yokhuseleko, akukho ukoyika isahlakalo iimeko ongeke umsebenzi nale nto. Emva kokufunda iimpawu kunye iintlobo eziphathekayo isicelo ngempumelelo kwi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Itha - into yokuba iimpawu ezintle ezifana ukunganyangeki yamanzi, amandla, impembelelo zemozulu nonsusceptibility, ingxolo eliphantsi elubala thermal kunye Uhanjiso okulo. Ngenxa kwezi zakhiwo, kuyinto material ethandwa kakhulu kwaye ethembekileyo zokwakha.