Ixabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo ngoku - ukubalwa kotyalo-mali

Abanini-zimali abaninzi kufuneka baphelelwe ukulala nokutya xa bezama ukunquma indlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ingozi yokutyalo-mali kunye nokwandisa inzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukwandisa ukufunda nokubhala. Ixabiso langoku elikhoyo liza kuvumela ukujongana nemicimbi yezemali ngakumbi ngokucacileyo. Kodwa yintoni na?

Iimpahla zemali

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngombuzo onjalo njengenani lexabiso langoku, kufuneka kuqala ukuba uhlangabezane neengcamango ezihambelanayo. Imali emihle (ukuhamba kwemali) yindlela yokufaka ishishini (umdla ofunyenweyo, ukuthengisa, ukuphuma kwimpahla, iibhondi, ixesha elizayo njalo njalo). Ukugeleza okungalungileyo (oko kukuthi, iindleko) kuyindlela ephuma kumabhajethi yenkampani (umvuzo, ukuthenga, irhafu). Ixabiso langoku elikhoyo (ukuhamba kwemali ngokupheleleyo), eqinisweni, umehluko phakathi kokungahambi kakuhle nokuhamba kakuhle. Yilona xabiso eliphendula umbuzo obalulekileyo kwaye unomdla kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umashishini: "Ingakanani imali ekhoyo?" Ukuqinisekisa ukuphuhliswa kwezentengiselwano zoshishino, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zifunekayo ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lwexesha elide.

Imibuzo malunga notyalo-mali

Inani elikhoyo elikhoyo ngoku lihambelana ngokuthe ngqo ekubaleni kweemathematika, kodwa nakwimo simo sengqondo sokutshala imali. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda le ngxaki akulula kangako njengoko kubonakala, kwaye ixhomekeka ngokusisiseko kwengqondo. Ngaphambi kokutyalwa kwemali kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi, kufuneka uzibuze inombolo yokuqala yemibuzo:

- Ngaba le projekthi entsha iya kuba yinzuzo kwaye nini?

- Mhlawumbi ufanele utyalomali kwenye iprojekthi?

Ixabiso lexabiso elikhoyo lemali lokutsalwa mali kufuneka liqwalaselwe kwimiba yeminye imiba, umzekelo ombi kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kweprojekthi kunye neempembelelo zabo ekutshalweni kokuqala.

Ukuhamba kwempahla

Ukuhamba kwemali yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Iimpahla zoshishini ziphathwa njengemali, kwaye i-capital and liabilities ziphathwa njengemithombo. Imveliso yokugqibela kule meko yiseti yezinto ezizinzileyo, abasebenzi, iindleko eziphathekayo, ezigqitywa ngokukodwa ngemali. Ixabiso elikhoyo langoku lijongene nokuhamba kwemali.

Yintoni i-NPV?

Abantu abaninzi abanomdla kwezoqoqosho, ezezimali, utyalo-mali kunye nezoshishino, badibana nale ngcaciso. Kuthetha ntoni? I-NPV imele i-NET PRESENT VALUE, kwaye iguqulela ngokuthi "ixabiso langoku." Oku kubalwa ngokufakela i-income engenayo yoshishino ngexesha lokusebenza, kunye neendleko zeprojekthi. Emva koko inani lemali engenayo liyancitshiswa kwixabiso leendleko. Ukuba, ngenxa yezibalo zonke, ixabiso lihle, ke iphrojekthi ithathwa njengenzuzo. Ingagqitywa ukuba ixabiso lexabiso langoku libonisa ukuba ngaba iprojekthi iya kubangela ingeniso okanye ayiyi. Zonke iindleko zeemali kunye neendleko ziyancishiswa kwizinga elichaphazelekayo lentlawulo.

Izixhobo zokucwangcisa ixabiso langoku lexabiso

Ixabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo ngoku lichaza ukuba ngaba ixabiso leprojekthi likhulu kuneendleko ezichithe kuyo. Isalathisi sexabiso siqikelelwa ngokubala kwexabiso lokuhamba kwemali eyenziwe yiprojekthi. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zabatyalomali kunye neendinyaniso ukuba ezi zihambayo zibe yinto yokuthengisa kwi-stock exchange of securities.

Ukunciphisa

Ixabiso lexabiso langoku libalwa ngokubhekiselele ekuphucululeni ukuhamba kwemali kwizinga elilingana neendleko zokungenisa imali. Okokuthi, izinga elilindelekileyo lokubuyela kwii-securities lilingana nomngcipheko ofanayo njengoko iphrojekthi ekhoyo. Kwiimarike ezithengiswayo zeempahla, iimpahla ezifana nendawo ngokwemigangatho yengozi ziqikelelwa ngendlela enokuba zenza umlinganiselo ofanayo wokubuyela. Ixabiso apho abatyalo-mali abathatha inxaxheba kwiinkxaso zeli projekthi balindele ukufumana umyinge wokubuyisela ekutyalweni kwabo kufumaneka ngokuchanekileyo ukuhlawulela ukuhamba kwemali kwisilinganiso esilingana neendleko zokunye.

Ixabiso langoku elikhoyo leprojekthi kunye neempahla zalo

Kukho iipropati ezibalulekileyo zeendlela zokuvavanya iprojekthi. Ixabiso lexabiso langoku livumela ukuba uqikelele utyalo-mali oluthatha ingqalelo umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokuphuculiswa kweendleko ezifumanekayo kubatyalomali kunye nabanini-nxaxheba. Lo mqathango uphantsi kwemisebenzi yokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe kunye nokukhangela imali kunye neentloko, kunye nokubeka kwabo. Le ndlela igxile kwingeniso yemali, eboniswa kwimali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki, ngelixa ihoxisa ingeniso yemali ebonakalayo kwiirekhodi zeengxelo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ixabiso lexabiso langoku lisebenzisa ezinye iindleko zezemali zotyalo-mali. Elinye ipropati ebalulekileyo kukungqinelana nemigaqo yokongeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqwalasela zonke iiprojekti zombini kwisixa kunye nangomntu ngamnye, kwaye isixa sawo onke amacandelo siya kulingana neendleko zeprojekthi yonke.

Isalathisi sexabiso elifanelekileyo

Inani lexabiso langoku lixhomekeke kwixabiso lexabiso langoku (PV). Eli gama liqondwa njengexabiso lentengo yeemali kwixesha elizayo, elibhekiselele kumzuzu wamanje ngokuphucula. Ukubala kwexabiso lenani elikhoyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukubalwa kwexabiso langoku. Fumana le xabiso ingaba ifomula elula ichaza ukuthengwa kwemali elandelayo: ukubeka imali, ukuhlawula, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuhlawula ixesha elilodwa:

I-PV = FV / (1 + r).

Uphi umyinge we-interest rate, leyo yintlawulo yemali ebolekelwe;

I-PV - ingumlinganiselo weemali ezijoliswe ekumisweni ngokwemigaqo yokuhlawula, ukukhawuleza, ukuhlawula;

I-FV yimali efunekayo yokubuyiselwa kwemboleko mboleko, equka inani lemali lokuqala, kunye nomdla.

Ukubalwa kwexabiso lexabiso langoku

Ukususela kwisibonisi samanani samanje, unokuya ekubaleni kwe-NPV. Njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, ixabiso lexabiso langoku likhoyo umahluko phakathi kokungeniswa kwemali ezayo kunye ne-investment (Total).

NPV = FV * 1 / (1 + r) -C

Xa i-FV isisixa semali yonke yokufumana iprojekthi;

I-indicator R yokufumana inzuzo;

C iyonke intlawulo yezo zityalo-mali.