Ixesha leProzozo: indlela enameva yokuguquka komhlaba

Ixesha leProzozo, elihlala iminyaka engamawaka amabiliyoni, ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwehlabathi njengoko siyazi ngoku. Eli xesha lexesha elide kakhulu , elihlala malunga nesiqingatha seembali zeplanethi, laphawulwa yimiba yeziganeko ezenza ukujika kwehlabathi.

Kwakuyixesha leProzozo eli "liphawule" ukunyuka kwamanzi emanzini kwi-hydrosphere ukuze iilwandle zokuqala zidibanise kunye nolwandle olulodwa lwezinga leplanethi, izinga ekugqibeleni lifike kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zamanxweme. Umngcele wokuqala we-tectonic-geochemical waphawulwa ngokunyuka okubukhali kwinqanaba lokuhamba kwe-oceanic lithospheric crust (ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa ngokweqile kwimihlaba yeentlanti ngamanzi amaninzi amanzi anelwandle). Le nkqubo yahlala malunga neyesithandathu sezigidi zeminyaka. Kwaye kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni komgangatho we-ocean floor.

Inqanaba elidlulileyo lembali, iArchean, yatshintshwa lixesha leProzozo. Imozulu yezulu kunye nokuqala kwexesha elitsha laqala ukutshintsha kakhulu. Umhlaba weplanethi, ebudeni bexesha lakwa-Archean laliqhelekileyo lenkqantosi engabonakaliyo, ebandayo kwaye engenakuphilisa kunye nokuqhoqhoqhoqhoqhoqho, kuye kwatshintshwa utshintsho olukhulu phakathi kweProzozoic (ukufudumala).

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ukuzaliswa okukhulu kwemoya yomoya, okwenza utshintshe utshintsho lwezinto eziphilayo zokuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Iingcali zenzululwazi, okwenzekayo malunga neebhiliyoni ezimbini kwiminyaka edlulileyo, sele ibizwa ngokuba yi-"oksijeni yenhlekelele". Eli xesha libhekiselele ekuzalweni kwezinto zokuqala ze-aerobic ezingaqhelekanga (kuba ukuxinwa kwe-oksijini kumxube womoya kwakwanele ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wabo obalulekileyo). Ngelo xesha, ezininzi iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinobomi be-anaerobic zafa ngaphandle, apho i-oksijini yee-molecular yayibulala. Oko, kwinqanaba elingaphambili, lilungelelanise i-vector eqhubekayo yokuphuhliswa kwemvelo.

Ngethuba lexesha elide lexesha, ama-microorganisms kunye ne-algae bafikelele kwinani labo. Iinkqubo ezinzulu zokwenza uphando malunga nawo onke amanqwanqwa e-sedimentary, ephawulwe ngexesha lamaProterozo, laqhubeka ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo (kunye nokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo) kwezi fom zobomi.

I-Eukaryoti ezithe zatshintsha iiprokaryothi "ezibuyisayo" ezivela kwimeko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nazo zakha xa kufika ixesha lamaProterozo. Izilwanyana ziphefumula umoya, ngendlela, zavela kwiplanethi ngexesha elifanayo lembali. Iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana zexesha lexesha leProterozoli sele limelelwe yimifom e-articular eukaryotic. Ukuphela kweli xesha kungabizwa ngokuthi "i-jellyfish yekhulu", leyo yatsho kwihlabathi. Ngelo xesha, izihlomelo (abaxhasi bee-mollusks kunye ne-arthropods) bavela.

Ixesha lamaProtézozo laliyixesha elidlulileyo lexesha, apho ukulawulwa okungekho nto kweseli ye- eukaryotic yaqala. Iintlobo zobomi bokuqala ze-unicellular kunye nekoloniyali zaqala ukutshintshwa yizilwanyana ezininzi ezizimeleyo. Ubomi ngokwabo bube yinto ebalulekileyo ekuziphendukeni kwemvelo. Izinto eziphilayo zaqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekutshintsheni ukubunjwa nokubunjwa kwehlabathi, zakuba sisiseko sendawo engaphezulu - i-biosphere. I-Photosynthesis yafika kuMhlaba , ongenakukwazi ukuphazamiseka. Nguye owawutshintsha ukubunjwa kwemoya kakhulu , ewuzalisa nge-oksijini enkulu, eyenza ukuba kube nokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezinzulu-izilwanyana ezizimeleyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zadalwa ukufika kweli hlabathi lendlela ephakamileyo yokuphila - umntu oye wagqitywa ukutshintsha ubuso bomhlaba okwesikhashana nje ukuba khona kwayo (iminyaka eyi-500 kuphela kuphela - enye yangomzuzu ngokulandelana kwemigangatho ye-geology!) Ukungaqiniseki. Kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye unike iingcamango "zobomi" kunye "nokuziphendukela kwemvelo" intsingiselo entsha ...