I-biosphere ... Iinkcazelo eziphambili

I-biosphere iyigobolondo esebenzayo yomhlaba. Namhlanje, xa ingcinga yesayensi kunye nezobugcisa iqhubela phambili inkqubela phambili, ulwazi olukhethekileyo luzuza ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zobomi eMhlabeni. Inendima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo yenziwa ngezinto eziphilayo.

Ngexesha lokuphila kweplanethi yethu, ezi ziphilayo zalisa umoya omoya ngomoya ne-nitrogen. Bakhululeka ngokukhulula i-carbon dioxide, bakha iifomethi zegesi yendalo kunye neoli.

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso, igobolondo engavamile, i-biosphere, yenzeke kwiplanethi yethu. I-biosphere yindawo ebomini.

Igama legobolondo laqulunqwa nguEdward Suess. Emva kokuboleka igama elithi "bios" (ubomi) ngesiGrike, wazisa ngo-1875 i-geological term - i-biosphere.

I-biosphere ingomnye wabathengi be-geological of Earth.

Iqulethe zombini izinto eziphilayo kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala.

Sinokucinga ukuba ukuba kukho ubomi emhlabeni wethu, ngoko ukhona kwezinye iindawo zendalo. Izazinzulu zivuma ukuba i-biosphere yinto exhaphakileyo. Bazama ukufumana ubomi ngaphaya kwemida yoMhlaba. Kodwa kude kube ngoku iplanethi yethu iyodwa kuphela apho ikhoyo.

Ubomi abukwazi ukuvela ngengozi. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi le nto. Simele sivume ukuba asazi nto malunga neenkqubo ezibangele ukuvela kobomi emhlabeni.

Kodwa nantoni na-kukho i-biosphere yoMhlaba, eyenza ukuba kubekho ubukho kunye nokuchuma kobomi kwiplanethi yethu.

Umhlaba uneminyaka eyi-4.5 yezigidigidi ubudala. Imbali yobomi bayo izazinzulu ziye zahlula zibe zihlandlo ezimbini ezinkulu: i-Cryptozoic ne-Phanerozoic. Ixesha le-Cryptozoic lixesha "lobomi obufihliweyo". Iingcali ze-Geologists kwiingqamaniso zeli xesha zinkqubela yobomi bokuqala eplanethi azifumanekanga.

Ixesha le-Phanerozoic, eliqalise iminyaka eyi-570 yezigidi edlulileyo, laphawulwa ngumqhuqhumo, owabizwa ngokuba yiCambrian. Kwaqala ngePaleozoic. Kulo mzuzwana, izidalwa eziphilayo zizalelwa: iimbungu, i-mollusks, iinqununu, njl. Ngako oko, eli xesha lalibizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhuma".

Iikhilomitha ezilikhulu leminyaka emva kokuba "ukuqhuma" kwavela ama-vertebrates yokuqala. Kwiminyaka engama-400 yezigidi zidlule. Ubomi obuvela kumanzi baqala ukuphuma kumhlaba. Ngoko kwakukho amphibians.

Qaphela ukuba ubomi babonakala emanzini, kwaye ixesha elide babengenalo ithuba lokuphuma emhlabathini. Kwakungekho moya we-oksijeni, kunye nomgca we-ozone onokukhusela bonke ubomi kwimisebe ebulalayo evela kwi-Sun.

Ngokufika kwezinto zokuphila eziqala zokuqala-iiprokaryothi, i-biosphere yabonakala. Inkcazo yeli xesha licacile - i-Aron yeon.

Ngethuba lethu, ubomi emhlabeni kupheka. Kusemanzini, ezintabeni, kwiqhwa kunye nakwiindawo zokuqhuma kwentaba.

Nazi izilwanyana eziphilayo, ii-microorganisms, izityalo kunye nama-mushroom.

I-biosphere, ngokwenene, indawo engaphazamisekiyo apho iindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana zihlala khona. Ukuxhamla kwezinto eziphilayo kukuvumela ukuba baxolelane, benze isityalo esikhulu.

Ubume bomhlaba buvumela ukuba izinto eziphilayo zihambisane nezimo ezahlukileyo. Ngenxa yolu, inani leendawo zemvelo ezakhiweyo eMhlabeni kunye neendawo ezizodwa kunye nezilwanyana eziphilayo.

Iingcali zeenkampani "iMicrosoft" zigqiba umsebenzi ekudaleni imodeli yekhompyutheni ye-biosphere. Oku kuya kuvumela oososayensi kunye nezopolitiko ukuba bahlole ngokwenene i-ecology ye-Earth kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.