Iyintoni imisebenzi ye-deposit yebhanki?

Inkqubo yebhanki kwi-modern-day economy kufanele ibenze njengetrithri kunye nomthengisi wemali-mali. Enyanisweni, kwinyani enzima yonke into ayilungile, kodwa kunjalo siya kufunda i-deposit imisebenzi njengenye yezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo. Kule nqaku siya kuqwalasela yonke imiba. Kwaye le nto siyiqwalasela imisebenzi ye -deposit yebhanki yaseRashiya, kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zezezimali.

I sigama

Ziziphi izinto zokupaka? Yilokho izenzo ezisebenzayo zeebhanki zibizwa ukuba zitsalise iimali zabantu kunye namashishini angomthetho kwiifom yexesha elithile (okanye ngokufuna).

Izinto ezikule meko ziyi-deposit. Eli ligama lemali yemali eyenziwa ngamaziko kwi- akhawunti yabo yasebhanki. Ngale nto akukho ngxaki. Kodwa ngubani na ongenza izifundo? Ziqondwa njengabantu ngabanye, kwakunye namashishini kwanoma yimuphi uhlobo lombutho kunye nomthetho wobunikazi.

Ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokupaka: ukulungiselela

Ekuqaleni, nganye intlangano yemboleko ibhekane nomsebenzi wokudala umgaqo-nkqubo walo kule ndawo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda yonke imilinganiselo ethile yesakhiwo sorhwebo, enjongo yokuseka, ukucwangcisa nokulawula izibonelelo zebhanki.

Injongo ephambili yokusebenza kwaye emva koko ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-pozithi kukunyusa umthamo wesiseko sobasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, kubalulekile ukuzama ukunciphisa iindleko kwaye kugcinwe izinga elifunekayo lokuthengiswa kwemali, ngokuqwalasela zonke iintlobo zeengozi.

Ukuba sinokuqwalasela ukuba ibhanki ngalinye liphuhlisa umgaqo-nkqubo walo wokupaka, ingxaki ephambili ayiyi kuba ingaba, kodwa malunga nomgangatho wayo. Umbutho ngokwawo uxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa nobukhulu beziko lemali, iziqinisekiso zabasebenzi abanomsebenzi wokwenza iintengiso kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Emva koko, imisebenzi yokupaka i-bhanki idlulisa ngeemali ezibalulekileyo, kwaye ukuvumela ukuba iphele, ithetha-ukubeka ibala kwigama labo.

Iintlobo zemisebenzi yokupaka

Iintlobo zemisebenzi yokupaka ixhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba siqhubeka ukusuka kwicandelo lootyalo-mali, ke kukho iiphozithi zezinto ezisemthethweni (amabhizinisi, imibutho, amanye amaziko emali) kunye nabantu ngabanye. Kwaye ngokwemiqathango yokuhoxiswa, ezo zidiphozi ziyahluka:

1. Kufuneka. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthengi angafika naliphi na ixesha kwaye afune idiphozithi yakhe.
2. Ukhawulezileyo. Oku kusebenza ngexesha elithile. Ukuba umthengi ufuna ukuhoxisa imali ngaphambi kokuphela kwesivumelwano, inokulahlekelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomdla (okanye nabo bonke).
3. Umqathango. Ezi zimali ziyakhutshwa kuphela xa kwenzeka ezithile, izimo ezivunyelwene ngazo ngaphambili. Njengomzekelo, sinokwenza oku kulandelayo: umnyaka we-18.

Le yimisebenzi yokupaka iibhanki. Kodwa banokubelana, bafumane ukujonga ngakumbi. Ngaye, ngoku sithetha.

Ukufuna iDepositi

Ziquka:

1. IiNgxowa ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neengxelo zangoku zamashishini angaphandle kobuso abasemgangathweni.
2. Imali enabantu ngabanye.
3. Iimali ezibekwe kwiingxelo zemali nayiphi na injongo.
4. Iifosti zoluntu ngokufunwa.
5. Ukuthetha ngeengxelo zebhalana zezinye iibhanki.
6. Iifomethi zemali kwiimfuno zeemali zeemali, imibutho engekho yorhwebo.
7. Iingxowa kwiibalo (phantsi kwazo ziincwadi zetyala kunye nokuhlola), kunye neembopheleleko zokuthengiselana ngabanye.

Nangona idizithi ziphezulu ukuhamba kwemali, ibhalansi encinci ingaqulunqwa, engasetyenziswanga ngaphambi kokuphuthumayo, ukwenzela ukufumana isibonelelo esisisigxina sekhredithi. Oku, ngokulandelelanayo, kuthwala ubunako obufihlakeleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu unokubiza ngetyala kunye nokusebenza kwepositi nge-akhawunti. Bavumela ukufikelela okulula kunye nokukhawuleza kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko zezimali, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokufumana mboleko kwi-bhanki.

Ixesha lokufaka imali

Ixesha elondoloziweyo elikhuni elinokubaluleka libaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ibhalansi yemali yeebhanki zorhwebo. Kwakhona, iphothifoliyo yabo ivumela ukuba sikhulume ngokuzinza kombutho. Njengomthetho, idizithi zexesha liyakwamkelwa kwithuba elithile:

• Ukufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-30;
• 31-90 iintsuku;
• Iintsuku ezingama-91-180;
• Ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-181 ukuya kunyaka;
• Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu;
• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iimeko xa i-deposit yodwa ingabandakanywa, ngoko ibe yinto yokuba sele iphelelwe ixesha lokuhambisa. Ukubuyisela imali yakho kule ngxaki kuya kuba yingxaki.

Ukupapashwa kwale hlobo lokufaka idiphozi kwathinteka ngokufanelekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kwamakhadi eplastiki kunye neentlawulo zabo ngoncedo lwabo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iakhawunti ezikhethekileyo zenziwe ukuba inzala eyancitshisiwe inikwe umrhumo, kodwa xa kwenzeka ukurhoxa nanini na umthengi akafumani izigwebo ebhanki. Ukwandisa umdla wabantu, indlela yokwenza amaxabiso adibeneyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ukwandisa inani lemithombo

Kule ndlela, kusetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kweebhanki ezahlukeneyo, ezijoliswe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kubemi ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba labo lezentlalo, kunye neemali kunye nemigomo apho idiphozithi ivuliwe kwaye idluliselwe.

Kule meko, iibhanki ziyakuqwalasela iimfuno zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantu abangavula i-akhawunti. Ngoko ke, iinkqubo zokusebenzisana nabo bonke - ukusuka kubafundi kunye nabaxhasi bemali kunye nokuphela kunye neklasi eliphakathi kunye nabathengisi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku, kunele ukujonga ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo zezemali zinikeza.

Kukho umrhumo ohlukeneyo: umfundi, ipensheni, utyalo-mali kunye njalo. Ngokutsho kwabo, iibhanki zandisa umdla okanye ezinye izinto ezikhethiweyo. Kubalulekile kulo mzekelo kukulula nokukhawuleza ukungena kwisivumelwano kunye nokuvula i-akhawunti. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iifom ezenziwe kwangaphambili ziyasetyenziswa. Nangona kwezinye iimeko inkontileka yomntu ngamnye iyakhiwa (oku kuxhomekeke ngqo kwicandelo lomxhasi).

Umzabalazo phakathi kweebhanki kubathengi

Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamaziko ahlukeneyo emali lubaxhobise ukuba baqhube uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi yokufaka idiphozi ukuze bakhethe uhlobo lokusebenzisana nabantu abaza kubabeka ekukhanyeni okuhle. Oku kukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wenkonzo, kunye nokukwazi ukulandelela i-akhawunti yakho kude.

Iibhonasi ezahlukeneyo zinokunikezwa ngoluhlobo lokuthengisa iireki zokuhamba, ukuguqula iimali ngezinga elifanelekileyo, ukucwangcisa amakhadi eplastiki, ukukhawuleza ukudluliselwa kwemali, ukuhlawula iimpahla ezahlukahlukeneyo, iintlawulo zempahla kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ukudala kunye nophuhliso lweenkonzo ezininzi zebhanki kunye ne- deposit inshurensi ngokufanelekileyo kwandisa ukhenketho kwintlangano yezemali phambi kwamehlo angoku kunye nabanini-mali. Siyabulela oku, isiseko solwazi sesakhiwo sanda ngokukhawuleza.

Ukugcinwa kunye neziqinisekiso zokufaka idiphozi

Zihlobo lweediphothi zexesha. Ngethuba lokuqala bebekelwe umthetho kwiRussia Federation ngo-1992. Imithetho esebenzayo kwiziqinisekiso ziyafana zonke iibhanki. Nangona iimeko zokukhutshwa kunye nokujikelezwa kolunye uhlobo ngalunye ziphuhliswa ngokuchanekileyo ngezakhiwo zemali.

Izatifikethi zinokukhishwa kuphela kwiiruble. Ukongezelela, umda okhuselekileyo kukuba abakwazi ukukhonza njengendlela yokuhlawula okanye yokuhlawula iinkonzo ezinikezelwa okanye iimpahla ezithengiswayo. Ubungqineko kukuba izinga lokubhanqa alikwazi ukutshintshwa ngexesha elilodwa. Ukuba umthengi ufake isicelo sokuhlawula emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, isikhungo sezimali sibheka phambi kwakhe umbopheleleko wokuhlawula imali echaziweyo kwimfuno yokuqala.

Uququzelelo lwemisebenzi yokufaka idiphozi, exoxwa ngasentla, ibhekiselele kwizinga elikhulu kwibhanki enye kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo ngabanye (okanye amabhizinisi angahambelani nekredit credit). Kwaye makhe sandise ubungakanani bethu.

Ukukhutshwa kweebhondi

Njengendlela yokufumana ingeniso eyongezelelweyo, iibhondi ziyasetyenziswa. Zilawulwa ngamaphepha afanayo njengoko izabelo. Ibhanki inokukhupha izibhanki:

• Bhalisiwe;
• Umnini.

Bangakwazi ukukhuselwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kwediphozithi, kunye nomdla, isaphulelo, ukuguqulwa, kunye nezikolo ezihlukeneyo. Ukuze bakhulise imali, banokukhishwa ngemali okanye iiruble.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubonelelwa kwezibonelelo ngeebhanki kwamanye amaziko emali kubaluleke kakhulu (ukuba sithetha malunga nokubalwa kwemali kwi-deposit operations). Oku kwenziwa ngeentengiso kunye neengxoxo, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi kwemibutho. Kodwa ukuba azikho izakhiwo ezinkulu okanye akukho ntembelo phakathi kwazo, ke i-intengiso okanye ukuthengiselana kwempahla kusenokwenzeka. Ayikho indima encinci, ngendlela, kulo mdlalo kufikeleleko lwabahambeli kunye nesidingo sokufumana ubuncinane uhlobo oluthile lokukhethwa.

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimeko zethu kwaye sithethe malunga nokugcinwa kweBhanki yaseRashiya.

Imali evela kwi-Central Bank yaseRussian Federation

Ubuninzi bemali yeBhanki yeNkcazo kwaze kwaba ngo-1995 kwenzelwe ukubolekisa kwamasebe ephambili koqoqosho. Kule meko kwakucacile. Ezi ziqwalaselwe ngamanye amaqela oshishino, ezolimo kunye nezinye iindawo, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kombuso.

Ukususela ngo-1994, iBhanki yeNtloko yaqalisa ukusebenzisa izitishi zentengiso. Sekuqaleni ngo-1995 baba yinto ephezulu yokuhlaziya. Ukususela ngoko, nangona i-target targeting loan is not fantastic okanye engaqhelekanga, iBhanki Ephakathi isetyenziswa ngokutsha njengesixhobo sokuxhasa iibhanki ezizimeleyo ngezinga eliphantsi ukwenzela ukuba zinokuxhasa inkxaso ebanzi yabashishini kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo abanomfuno Unokubanceda kakhulu umnotho wasekhaya.

Umsebenzi weebhanki zorhwebo

Makhe sibone ukuba i-deposit imisebenzi yeSberbank inokubambisana namanye amaziko emali. Kukho izikhokelo ezi-4 eziphambili:

1. Imali-mboleko ye-Interbank evela kwamanye amaziko emali. Zihamba kunye nekhontrakthi, echaza yonke into efunekayo kwiintengiso: ixabiso, ixesha, inzala. Sebenzisa le mithombo yindleko kakhulu, ngoko ayenzi ngokukodwa.
2. Ukukhupha idizithi yokusebenza ngokuzalisa i-akhawunti yombhali. Kungenxa yokuba ukudluliselwa kwemali kusekelwe kwisivumelwano esifanelekileyo. Ngelo xesha, inzala yokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ayihlawulwa. Njengomvuzo, ibhalansi kwi-akhawunti inikwe. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa ngamabhanki enobungane okanye anxulumene nethemba.
3. Izibonelelo ezivela kwamanye amasebe. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela kwibhanki enye. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulula kuba akukho mfuneko yokubambisa, ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshisana amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokufumana mboleko. Hayi, ngokuqinisekileyo, amaxwebhu athile aya kufuneka ahlanganiswe, kodwa oku kulandelayo emva kokuthengiselana. Ukusebenza kwenziwa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ukuziphatha kwakhe, kwanele ukwenza umnxeba, kwaye njengesiqinisekiso isaziso esithunyelwe nge-imeyile okanye ngefeksi. Ngenxa yoko, esi sixhobo sithathwa njengesona esona siphezulu kwaye sikulungele. Ikuvumela ukuba ukhange iimali eziyimfuneko, ngeli xesha ngexesha elifanayo ukunciphisa iindleko.
4. Uncedo kwibhanki enkulu. Olu hlobo lokukhangela izibonelelo lunokuthi lubekwe kwinto yokuqala, ukuba kungenjalo ukuba inqanaba lesenzalo lisoloko liphantsi kwaye libekwe kumyalelo wesikhokelo.

Indlela eyenziwa ngayo kwihlabathi

Ukukhangwa kweemali kwifomu yediphozithi kwenziwa kwinqanaba elichaphazelekayo. Iikhredithi zinikezelwa kwakhona kwipesenti ephakamileyo. Ingaba yindawo efanayo okanye ikhona ngaphandle?

Inyaniso kukuba idiphozithi zipapashwa njengendlela ethembekileyo yokukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ewe, kuyafaneleka ukutsho ukuba oku kunjalo kuphela kwiimeko ezithile - ngokuqhelekileyo zinciphisa umphumo weziphumo ezimbi. Ngoko ke, iirhafu zixhomekeke ngqo kule nkomba. Ngoko, umzekelo, eJapan, eUnited States, eDenmark, eSwitzerland unakho ukugcina iifomethi kwi-0-0.5% ngonyaka.

Imali kula mazwe ikhishwa kwi-1-3%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakunceda ukubeka imali kunye nabo. Kodwa makhe sijonge kumaziko ethu eemali-apha ubona amaxabiso kwidilesi kunye ne-euro kwi-5, 6, 7 kunye ne-10%! Ngokwemfundiso, sinokugqiba ukuba kunenzuzo enkulu ukwenza iifomethi kwimali yangaphandle kwimimandla yaseRussian Federation. Kodwa kukho imingcipheko emininzi yabo, kubandakanywa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uguqule yonke idiphozi kwi-ruble, ukunyamalala kwebhanki kwi-market yeenkonzo zeemarike kunye neminye eminye. Ngako oko, inzala ephakamileyo yintlobo yembuyekezo yeengozi ezithathwa ngumnikazi wemali.

Ukuqulunqa

Ngoko ke, ukupakisha ukusebenza kweebhanki kuyimigaqo ethile ngeendlela ekusekwa ngayo izibonelelo zebhanki. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Ngoko ke, umthombo oyintloko wokufumana izibonelelo kukukhangwa kweemali ezivela kubaxumi (abo bantu ngabanye kunye nemibutho esemthethweni). Ngaphandle kokuqhuba imisebenzi yolu hlobo, kuya kuba nzima ukwenza iphothifoliyo yokuqala yebhanki, kunye neziko lezemali aliyi kuba nezibonelelo zokukhupha iitaliti nokuqhuba ishishini layo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphandle kwalokhu, inkqubo yezimali yanamhlanje yayiza kuba neengxaki ezibalulekileyo.