Iyintoni irhafu yokungenamntwana eRashiya?

Kwixesha lamaSoviet, kwakukho irhafu yokungabikho kwabantwana, ngokubhekiselele kubemi abangenabantwana, ngokuxhomekeka kwizinga labo lokufumana imali, baphoqelelwe ukuba bahlawule kwi-6% yemali yabo yokuhlawula ibhajethi. Ukuqokelela okunjalo kuqhutywe kude kube ukuwa kweSoviet Union kwaye kwakungekho ithuba elifanelekileyo lokunyusa izinga lokuzalwa, kodwa ukuzaliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngo-1991, urhulumente wabhidliza irhafu yokungabantwana kwabantwana, kunye nonyaka kamva-kuba amadoda esatshatileyo aphuza ukufumana inzala, kwaye emva kokuba iRussia Federation ibe yindawo ezimeleyo, abantu abangenamntwana bayalibala ngokuphathelele loo ntlawulo.

Kwezinye iifom, irhafu yokungabantwana kwabakho kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ngokokuqala ngqa imali enjalo yemali yayisungulwa ngexesha elidlulileyo ngumlawuli waseRoma uCamille. Ngowe-1909 iintlawulo ezinjalo zaphoqeleka ukuba zihlawule abantu abangabantwana abangabantwana baseBulgaria, njengoko urhulumente wakhe wayefuna ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa emva kokusebenza kweTurkey kwimihla yaseBalkan.

Rhafu njengenyuka kwizinga lokuzalwa

Inhloko yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo kunye noPhuhliso lweNtlalo kunye namagosa ase-State Duma acinga ukuba irhafu yokungabantwana kwabaseRashiya ibe yinto esebenzayo yokwandisa izinga lokuzalwa kunye nokukhawuleza ukulwa neengxaki zoluntu. Ukususela ngo-2006, uMikhail Zurabov wanxusa ukwandisa umthwalo wezemali kwiibhola, kunye nakwizibini ezingenawo umntwana ngenxa yeemeko, kodwa i-bill-full-bill isingenakwenziwa ngoku.

Ukuba irhafu yokungabikho kwabantwana ayifakelwe kwifom ekhoyo kuyo kwi-USSR, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kwiimali zezimali zeRashiya yanamhlanje ukuba ziqokelele iintlawulo ezivela kubantwana abangenamntwana, ekubeni inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu isebenza ngokungalungile, iyaqhubeka ifumana "umvuzo kwiimvelo," okanye ifumana enye Izindlela zokufihla imali yabo yomthetho.

Ingxoxo yokuqala yoluntu ngamathuba okubhalisa izakhamuzi ezingenamntwana yabanjwa ngo-2010, kwaye umzamo owenziwe ngabasemagunyeni ukunyusa imali entsha yentlawulo kubangele i-resonance ebanzi kuluntu. Nangona, ngaphezu kokuncitshiswa kokunyanzeliswa kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ezinye iinkqubo ezikhuthazayo zacetywa kubemi abangenamntwana, okuza kubangela ukuba kunyuka izinga lokuzalwa. Ngoko, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo kunye noPhuhliso loLuntu ucebisa ukunikezelwa kwamahhala kwabesetyhini abakhulelweyo, ukwanda kweenzuzo kubamama abatsha, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweerhafu ezahlukahlukeneyo kubazali abanabantwana abaninzi.

Ukuncitshiswa kweRhafu

Nangona irhafu yokungabantwana kwiRashiya yanamhlanje ingazange isetyenziswe, ngokwenza oko yatshintshwa ngokubanjiswa kwabazali ngexesha lokuhlawula irhafu yengeniso. Olu hlobo lweqoqo lwemali luyanyanzelekile ukuba luhlawule abantu abasebenzayo, kwaye amagunya aseburhulumenteni eRussian Federation aqwalasele yonke imali efunyenwe ngabahlawuli berhafu, bobabini ngemali kunye nohlobo.

Xa uhlawula irhafu yengeniso ngabantu baseRussian Federation, ukunikezelwa kweerhafu eziqhelekileyo kunikwa , kunye nabantwana abangaphezulu kwintsapho, enkulu kakhulu inani elincinci lokuncitshiswa ngokwemali. Ngoko-ke, ngo-2012, intsapho enomntwana omnye okanye ababini inokuxhomekeka ekuncitshweni kwerhafu yenyanga, inani elingadluli kwi-ruble eyi-1400. Ukuba umntwana okhubazekile uyakhula kwintsapho, abazali baya kuzuza inzuzo yeeruble ezingama-3000 xa behlawula irhafu yengeniso, ngaphandle kokuhlawula eso sibalo kwisabelomali seburhulumenteni. Inani elifanayo lokuncitshiswa kweerhafu liqhelekileyo kwiintsapho zaseRashiya, apho abantwana abangaphantsi kwebathathu benyuka.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngenani lentlawulo yengeniso ye-13%, isondlo sentsapho kunye nomntwana omnye siya kusindisa ukuya kuma-ruble angu-182 ngenyanga xa uhlawula imali yokuhlawula imali, ngokungafani nommi ongenamntwana onomvuzo ofanayo.