Izhora (abantu): Imvelaphi kunye History

abantu Izhora - kwenqwaba mncinane kwezizwe zonke eziphilileyo eRashiya. Apha kukho abantu malunga 200, 60 babo ubomi e-Estonia. Le ethnonym livela kwigama Swedish Ingermanland - ekuthiwa-lizwe ngezantsi Gulf of Finland. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini malunga apho eli gama, nokuba egameni Ingigerda, umfazi Yaroslava Mudrogo, okanye egameni le-yamandulo Russian Prince Igor, unyana ka Rurik.

Ngoko ke oko kwazekayo malunga bezizwe Izhora? ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nabantu ibekwe ngezantsi kuya kukunceda ufunde ngakumbi.

Intsimi yeendawo zokuhlala

Xa 12-13 Kwiinkulungwane th Izhors waphila ngapha nangapha Neva, malunga imida imizi yabo uDade River Tosna, Nazia. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 nempahla yabo ifike emfuleni Oredezh River emzantsi. Kodwa ke intsimi waqalisa Taper off, kuqala unyamalale iindawo kwi Karelian Isthmus, yaza yajikela kwimimandla yonxweme University kuthi Oredezh River. Ngoku Izhors kuhlala kuphela Lomonosov kunye Kingisepp wesithili kummandla iLeningrad. Ezinye abameli olu hlanga baye bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Sekunjalo, musa abashiyi iingcambu zabo ukuziveza Izhors.

Noko ke, le ndawo ephilileyo engundoqo - Soikinsky Peninsula, edulusele phakathi Luga kunye Koporskaya lip. Le nezinto zendalo indawo enjalo ukuba phantse uyazimela nemisinga yinxalenye imingcelele amachibi kunye imigxobhozo ivaleke. Kungenxa yoko le nto abantu kwezo ndawo zokuhlala Izhora nako ukugcina inkcubeko yabo, nangona kufutshane okona kwikomkhulu wasentla.

indaba

Sisihlandlo sokuqala iintlanga-Izhora sifumaneka Bull uPopu Alexander, abhalwe kwenkulungwane ye-12. Kungekudala eYurophu, oko kwazeka ukuba Izhora - abantu olomeleleyo yingozi. Encwadini yeembali Russian Izhors ekhankanywe kuqala ngenkulungwane ye-13 xa babehlangene Novgorod. Baba uxanduva ukhuseleko konxweme evela balwa.

Kodwa ngo-1611 ilizwe labo wazinika phezu Sweden, ngoko Izhors ezininzi zemveli safudukela kwintsimi ngokuxhomekeke eRashiya. Kodwa ke ngo-1721, uPeter Omkhulu boyisa ilizwe, yaye baba yinxalenye St. kwiPhondo Petersburg.

Ukubalwa 1732 lwabonisa ukuba kummandla Ingermanland kukho malunga ne-14 kunye nesiqingatha amawaka izhoryan. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, inani labo landa kancinane - up to 18 amawaka. Iinkcukacha-manani ngo-1926 lwabonisa ukuba amanani alandelayo: Abantu 16137.

Kodwa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yazisa utshintsho: uninzi lwabantu bomthonyama wasiwa angabamelwane Finland kunye zokuhlala ezininzi nya nje. Xa bebuyela ukuhlala ekhaya zange zizinike, waza waya eSiberia, apho ukulondoloza bangoobani yobuhlanga kunye nolwimi iye kwakungenzeki kwaphela. Ezo Izhors elalihlala phezu Karelian Isthmus, nayo ihlanganiswe kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni. izithethi Native kunye nenkcubeko lokuzalwa ababehlala kuphela Kingisepp District (kumntla-ntshona yangaphambili Ingria), kwakunye abathile abahlala iilali phezu komlambo Kovash.

Tereré Izhora - Abantu ziyafa. Ngowe-1959, bekukho athe ngaphezu kwewaka, ngo-1970 - 781, yaye ngowe-1989 - 276. Le data yakutshanje - ngabantu 266 (2010). Silusizi ukuba seminyaka yobudala engama-68-70, nto leyo ithetha ukuba emva kweminyaka embalwa njengoko Izhora ubuzwe kungaphela ngokupheleleyo.

ulwimi

Lingcwaba lomfo iqela eBaltic-Finnish. Izhora has nezendawo ezininzi:

• Sojkinskaja;
• hevasky;
• nizhneluzhsky;
• oredezhsky.

Sojkinskaja na esisiseko, oko kuthethwa luninzi Izhora Peninsula. Hevasky eqhelekileyo kwisithili Lomonosov. Xa nizhneluzhski abathi esezantsi kuyo umlambo Luga, nto leyo waziva negalelo Votian enqatyisiweyo, ngenxa Vod kunye Izhora ubomi khona, ogalelwe. Oredezhsky wanyamalala kwangethuba 1930, xa wafa eendaba yokugqibela. Kukholelwa ukuba awona zonke lwimi, ngokuba kusisaba impembelelo ulwimi eFinland.

Kodwa seliya kuphela Izhora kwiqela ngomlomo uhlanga. Abantu abazange nayo oonobumba layo. Ukubhala kwi Izhora wabonakala kuphela ngo-1930 kwi-phulo karhulumente-sikhokelo yenkqubo yophuhliso nenkcubeko iintlanga ezincinane. Ngokwesiseko oonobumba Latin alfabhethi ziye zidalwe, yaye emva koko waba igrama emanyeneyo. Nditsho esikolweni, ndandiqhuba kwi lweenkobe ngolwimi Izhora, kuba ukuba iincwadi ziye zapapashwa. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo emva koko. Ngoku sisiqingatha kuphela Izhora ulwimi lomthonyama, ngoko ngo-2009 waba ezingaqukwanga kwi "Atlas kweeLwimi Wehlabathi Sisengozini" yi-UNESCO.

unqulo

Izhora - isizwe kunye nenkcubeko etyebileyo ngokomoya. Kuba eminyaka Izhors baba nabahedeni, kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-13, baqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuguqula ku Orthodox. Emva Sweden waphumelela namazwe azo, uye wafaka nawo, ke, loo nto ayithethi ukuthi xumbu iingcambu zawo nzulu. Ngoku inkolo Izhora iquka ngokuncedisana of Christianity and ubuhedeni. Umzekelo, sekunjalo igcinwe ukholo imimoya belizwe, amanzi, abagcini obuselukhambeni, waqubuda ezingcwele imithi, amatye, njl

yezandla

Imisebenzi Traditional Izhora endulo baba lokuloba kunye nezolimo. Iinkomo ngenkankulu igcinwe. Kuye kwasungulwa ngodongwe kunye neenkuni. Fishing herring kunye aphele Izhora waye ngeniso kwimimandla yonxweme kude kube ngoku. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, le ntlanzi iye phantse wayeka ukuba sabamba ngenxa ukufuya uhlobo olunye kwezilwanyana. Ngoko ke, isixhaso abadala ezilalini, kunye nabantwana babo nabazukulwana elide bafudukele imizi emikhulu, ikakhulu eSt Petersburg, zikhangela umsebenzi olungileyo.

isiko

Izhora - abantu kakhulu eyahlukileyo. Esinye izinto ezinomdla ze ilokhwe yesizwe isikhafu ezizodwa (sappano) ukuba lo mfazi ayenxiba, ngaphandle kokususa emini okanye ebusuku. abafazi zeMveli kunye yabipa abantu (ryatsinya) oyimfakamfele okwakhiwe etyebileyo kwaye bopha neqanda zibambene kwi entanyeni. Wabhinqa umfazi ibhanti ezihonjiswe amaso kunye namaqokobhe Cowrie.

inkcubeko Material wayesondele Russian. Oku kubonakala kooronta bemveli, kunye nezixhobo zezolimo. Songs, ekulileni - i lophawu eyimfuneko zonke izithethe, ngokuqala yomtshato kunye nesiphelo kunye mngcwabo.

Yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi runopevitsa Larin Paraske, imibongo yakhe, iingoma zaye zabandakanywa amaqhawe "Kalevala". Le lesikhumbuzo, obonisa izhorku edumileyo, oma kumbindi Helsinki.

Mhlawumbi kungekudala kuza kubakho iinkumbulo kuphela kule hlanga-kanye olunamandla. Kodwa okoko nje kukho abameli yokugqibela Izhora, liphilile kunye nenkcubeko yawo yamandulo.