Uthini umahluko phakathi kokufaneleka kunye nesibhamu? Ukuqhuma isibhamu

Isibhamu, ngokungathandabuzeki, isikhali esinobuhle nesothando esisetyenziswe ngabazingeli nawuphi na ubudala. Idalwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuzingela, ibhunqa edibeneyo ephindwe kabini neebhokhwe ezifubhileyo zavela e-UK phakathi kwe-1830 no-1840, xa ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane kwaziwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zaseScotland . Ngaphambi kwelo xesha, kwakungasetyenzisiwe izibhamu kuphela, kodwa abazingeli babesazi isidingo sokukhawuleza kwiphepha lesibini, ngokugqithiseleyo ukugqiba umdlalo owonakele.

Inkcazelo emfutshane

Kwiminyaka emakhulu eminyaka abantu baye basebenzisa izixhobo zokuzingela. Yintoni engazange iqulunqe ukukhutshwa kwelo lwanyana kunye neentaka: ukugubha, izibhamu, izibhamu, izibhamu zezixhobo ezihlukeneyo kunye neentambo. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ukuzingela inkomo enkulu kuhloniphekileyo: ibhokhwe yasendle, i-elk, ibhere, inyamazane. Kodwa iinqanaba ezixabisekileyo kakhulu zizilwanyana zezilwanyana ze-"Big Big Five": indlovu, ingonyama, i-rhinoceros, ingwe kunye nenkunzi. Ngamnye wabo uyafa, ngoko ke ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwabo, basebenzise izibhamu ezinkulu ngokukhulula ngeendlela zokufaka izikhonkwane.

Ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo lwesiphatho luxhotyiswe ngeebhore ezimbini zokuhlala - le yindlela ehamba phambili, ngoko ke uhlobo olulungileyo lwesakhiwo. Ivumela omnye ngomnye ukuba enze izibhamu ezimbini zokubulala. Ngaphandle kwe-firefighter, i-shooter inexesha lokwenza isibini iphethwe.

Kukho neendlela ezikhethiweyo ezingabodwa-ukuzingela ezintabeni, apho ukuchaneka kunye nolwahlulo lweblotshi lubalulekile. Izibhamu zakwa-Austrian kunye neJamani zivelisa ezintathu, kunye nezibhamu ezine zokuzingela ezisemhlabeni jikelele. Kule meko, iinqununu ezimbini eziphambili zinomlinganiselo omkhulu, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincinci zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemidlalo.

Ukwahlula

Esi sikhali sidlulile umgama omude kunye "nameva" ukusuka kwiimfuthane ezinobungozi, ezisebenzisa i powder eyingozi , kwi-high-tech "nitroxpress", apho iimbono eziphezulu zezobunjineli zicinga ngayo. Iintlobo ezikhoyo zokufakelwa zidibene ngokwahlukileyo kwizigaba ezintathu:

• I-large-caliber - isibhamu sokuphumla esiluqilileyo, esisebenzisa iibhola ezinqamle okanye ezijikelezayo. Ngokwesiko, izibhamu zale fom zisetyenziswe umpu womsi. Ukukhawuleza kokuqala kweenqwelo ezincinci: 320-510 m / sec.
• I-Express - i-calibers yokukhwela ibhola .450, .500, .577 kunye nabanye. Iset bullet non-bullet bullet isetyenziswe, ukuqala kokuqala kwe-465-610 m / sec. I powder yefom isetyenziswa kwakhona.
• I-Nitroexpress "i-fracture", ephuhliswe phantsi kwebhokisi yegobolthi yanamhlanje, ithunyelwe ngumbumba ongenangatsha. Isantya sokuqala si-564-991 m / sec.
• I-Bull-pop lizwi elitsha kwindlela yokwakhiwa kwemibhobho yomnye omnye kunye nama-calibers amancinci. I-trigger iphakanyiswe phakathi kombhobho kwaye ifumaneka emva kwempembelelo, kunye ne-trunk (kungekhona ukujika) idibaniswe ne-butt. Eli lungiselelo livunyelwe, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubude be-trunk, ukwenza i-array i-compact. Ukuhlawulisa, umva wesitokisi ulandelwe, iikharriji ezongezelelweyo zingafakwa kuyo.

Ukususela kwimvelaphi ukuya kutshintsho

Nangona amaqabunga ayingxenye ehlukeneyo yezixhobo zokuzingela, zisengumthombo wesibhamu. Kuyo yonke into yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa, baye balahla emva kokuphuhliswa kwezinye iintlobo zezibhamu zokuzingela, babenendima yokubamba.

Ngenxa yokuzingela kumaAfrika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izigidimi ezihamba phambili zaseYurophu zenza inxaxheba ekuveliseni izixhobo. Kwiminyaka ye-1920, imimandla engcono yeetroli ezenziwayo zadalwa (iimveliso zabamakhosi baseBrithani zavezwa ngumgangatho okhethekileyo), owawusongela "i-smoothbore" kunye nemigodi eneempawu zabo. Basoloko bephupha labazingeli abasemthethweni.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kokufaneleka kunye nesibhamu

Enyanisweni, umbhobho - uphuculo olufanayo oluphindwe kabini (i-vertically okanye i-horizontally located), kodwa isitulo se-trunk asilula, kodwa sidityaniswa. Lo mgcini uya kuvumela ukuba kuchaneke ngakumbi, kuqhubeke kwaye kunamandla amakhulu ukuthumela ibhola. Icala eliphambili le nkqubo yenziwe yinkxalabo ephakamileyo kumzila webarrel, ngenxa yeemfuno zamandla ezizodwa ezimiselwe kwisango - liqiniswa kakhulu.

Ukunikezelwa kwinqanaba elikhulu, ukusuka "eludongeni olude", i-bolt eyandisiweyo, isibhamu sisoloko sinzima kwaye sihamba ngokulandelelana, ngokulandelelana, ukuzingela ukungazingeli.

Ukubulawa kwamandla kunye nokumisa amandla omzekelo omkhulu kunento ephawulekayo: enye ibhola iyanele ukubetha umhlaba omkhulu kunazo zonke umntu ohlala kule planethi - indlovu. Nangona ukudubula kwakungalungile, amandla e-kinetic we-projectile akwanele ukuba angqongqo kwaye athatyathele nayiphi na inkomo enkulu. Akukho naluphi uhlobo lwezixhobo eziphathekayo olukwazi ukwenza oku.

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba esi sixhobo esiyinkimbinkimbi, akusiyo nto abayithethayo ukuba ukunyuka kukubangela ukuba kuqhutywe. Ngokukodwa ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo obunzima bokuvelisa, ubunzima obunzima kunye nokubuyisela kuyisithintelo ekusebenziseni kwabo ngabazingeli abanamava.

Iintlobo zama-calibers

Ukufakwa kweenjongo ngenjongo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, imilinganiselo iyahlula ngamaqela amakhulu amabini: uhlobo lwaseYurophu kunye ne-Afrika-yamaNdiya. Ukuzingela emantla ekumntla (iYurophu, iRashiya, iNorth America, inxenye ye-Asia) ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa "amancinci": 9,3х74R; 8x57JRS; 7x65R. Ngako oko, ubude beentonga bufaniswa nezibhamu: 550-600 mm.

Izilwanyana zase-Afrika, e- Indiya, e-mpuma ye-Asia zikhulu, kuba umzingeli akayingozi kakhulu. Uluhlu lwamagosa amakhulu anyuliweyo oluhambelana nalo: .375H-H; .416Rigby; .470N kunye nokunye.

Izinto ezinamandla kakhulu

Kukho izitye ze-nitroxpress ezininzi (ngokwemigangatho yokuzingela) i-calibers. Ngokomzekelo, ixesha elide elinamandla kunazo zonke izibhamu zaseHolland neHolland zele cartridge .600 Nitro Express, eyenziwa nguJeffrey. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-whim yomnye umgidi-mali (owayefuna ukuba .600 ibe ngowokugqibela), iHolland neHolland yayeka ukuveliswa kwayo ngo-1975 ngenxa yembuyekezo enzima. Isixa semvumelwano siyimfihlo, kodwa, ngokucacileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba enye ye-nitroxpress .600 caliber ibiza imali engaphezu kwama-100,000.

Nangona kunjalo, i-capitalists yifumene indlela elula yokukhupha umda wokungqinelana-ukuvelisa izibhamu ze-calibers ezinkulu. Ngesi sicelo se-American William Feldstein, iHolland neHolland ngo-1989 yakha isibhamu esingu-700 seNitro Express, kunye neempawu zenziwa kwi-Bell Basic Brass. Iingcali ziqinisekisa ukuba esi sixhobo esiphezulu kakhulu sokuzingela kwimbali. Ngokuqala ukuzingela amahlumela amathathu abulala abathathu izindlovu.

Ixabiso lentlawulo

Ngamhla, nangona kuthintelo olukhulayo ekuzingeleni umdlalo onobungozi, imfuneko yokufakelwa kwezibini ezingenakutshintshi iyahlala ingatshintshi, ingakumbi xa kuthengwa ukuthengwa kwekhomishini (yesibini). Eyona nto ithengwa ngayo ngabaqokeleli okanye "abazingeli abaphuphayo" abanqwenela ukuba nezixhobo ezifana noJames Sutherland, uJohn Hunter nabanye.

Iingcali azikhuthazi ukuba zigcinwe kulolu hlobo lwezixhobo, ukuba unenjongo yokusebenzisa uphendu lokwenene kwisibhamu osifumanayo. Ixabiso lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesibhamu, umlinganiso walo, umenzi, imeko yezobugcisa kunye nexabiso lembali. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga i-nitroexpress, ke itekethi yentengo yeqela leedola eziliqela kufuneka liqatshelwe: akuqhelekanga ukuba iikopi ezincinci zihlukane emva kweempawu ezimbalwa. Isampula esifanelekileyo, kwaye ngoko ke isampuli ethembekileyo neyenzileyo ixabisa amashumi amawaka eedola. Njengoko le meko, iinkampani eziququzelele ukuzingela e-Afrika inkunzi enkulu, ziqokelele ukuqokelela kunye nokuqeshisa abathengi babo. Kwizinto ezincinci ezisezantsi kwihlabathi zingu-Izhevsk zeMP221 kunye neMM251 (ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-20,000).

Shotgun Choke: Izibhamu zaseRashiya

E-Rashiya, ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokuzingela kwakungekho kusasazeka, kubonakala ngenxa yokungabi nendawo yokuzingela. Kodwa zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimikhosi yama-tsarist. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezinye iimveliso kunye neenkosi zavelisa izixhobo ezincinci ezincinci, ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kweebhere.

Kwimpahla yokutya yasekhaya yanamhlanje, siyaqaphela ukuba "i-barrel single" IZH18N (enebhondi ekhsayo ekhutshweyo ye-12 calibers kwi-kit), i-shotgun e-double-barreled-choke ithi "Phakamisa" MP251 kunye ne-MP221 "Artemis". Le mizekelo yamancinci amancinci, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, anelungelo lokutshatyalaliswa ngokuqinisekileyo kwanoma yiphina inyama kwiindawo zethu.

Isiphelo

Iipalati, ngokukodwa i-nitrospresses, zizona zixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu zokuzingela. Ngombulelo kwimibhobho eqhubiweyo kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu kwinqanaba lakhe ngexesha lokudutshulwa, ibhola liyanda amandla kinetic, iimpukane ziyaqhubeka kwaye zichitha ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusuka kwiimoto eziqhubhileyo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kwaye zinokwenzeka ukuvelisa amabini (okanye ngaphezulu) "ngenye" ngaphandle kwendibano evela kuyo yonke into.

Phakathi kweziphene esizibonile ukunyuka kwesisombululo (ezinye iitroexpress zilinganisa ama-kilogramgram okanye ngaphezulu), ukubuya okubuhlungu (okwenene kwi-calibers enkulu) kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Kwimeko yeendlela ezimbini zokubambisa (ezintathu,, ezine)), uluhlu olusebenzayo lomlilo luyancitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungelelaniswa kohlobo lwaseYurophu ngenxa yezinto ezincinci ezi zinto zingenayo.