Izimbiwa of the Republic of Komi: isandstone, quartzite, aluminiyam esikrwada, amalahle-zithwele iidipozithi, izinto amatye zendalo

Komi Republic - umxholo Russian Federation, weSithili Federal North-West.

ulwazi jikelele

Lo mmandla ibekwe kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe, ngokugqithileyo kumntla-mpuma, ukuya entshona Urals. Republic Square 416 800 sq.km. imizi Largest - Syktyvkar - elikomkhulu kwiriphabliki, eVorkuta, Sosnogorsk, yaseInta, Ukhta, Vuktyl, kunye Pechora Usinsk. imida Komi Republic kwi Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets kunye Khanty-Mansi Ukuzilawula Area, Arkhangelsk, imimandla laseKirov kunye Sverdlovsk kunye nommandla Perm.

72% yommandla ahlala amahlathi lo mmandla. Ngaphaya komda osempuma weRiphabliki Komi ndasolula phambene Iintaba. Ezinye isifundo - oko anemigxobhozo, eyetundra amadlelo olenmi kunye nehlathi emathafeni. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili imilambo: Vychegda kunye Pechora. I Komi Republic inee- emachibini enzulu.

I Komi Republic ise kwi nemozulu epholileyo kwaye Arctic, ngoko kukho, ubusika elide obubandayo nehlobo, kwelinye icala, epholileyo elifutshane. Kudla kukho utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwamaqondo obushushu kunye womoya, iinkanyamba, ezina kakhulu.

Lo mbandela umiwe ngabameli bezizwe 130! 65% of them - Russian. Indawo yesibini kunye nabemi Abantu Komi, -24% yabo. Kwakhona ekhaya Belarusians, Ukraine, nangezinto, Komis Izhma, Chuvash, Mari, Bashkir, Mordovian, Udmurt, Nenets, Komi-Permian, kunye nabanye.

indaba

Kude ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV, loo ntsimi inxalenye yeRiphabliki Novgorod, yaye emva koko waya kaRhulumente eMoscow. Ngenxa yoko, kuqala amazwe oboya, yaye phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII kufuphi Ukhta amanzi aqala ndikhuphe ioli. Ngenxa yemozulu embi kuloo mmandla ngelo xesha kwakukho abemi kancinane.

Ekuqaleni imi--30 of XX ekhulu Komi Republic wafumanisa amalahle, kodwa waqala ukufumana kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Kuloo minyaka efanayo ezithumela iinkuni, kaloliwe yayakhiwe oyile kwakunye namalahle.

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union kwi-90 kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini beza nengxaki kwishishini weRiphablikhi.

imithombo yendalo

LeziMbiwa Komi Republic kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kweli lizwe. Le ngingqi isitya wamalahle elikhulu, i-oyile negesi iphondo nezadunge shale oyile - kwiRiphabliki zizityebi imithombo ye-eneji.

Isifundo esitokisini irhasi eninzi amafutha kunye shale oyile, umgquba, izinyithi ahle kunye non-ayoni, ezinqabileyo, saa kunye nesinyithi kunqabile nomhlaba, amatye anqabileyo kunye nedayimani. titanium Common, manganese, ore chromite aluminium.

imithombo yezimbiwa Nonmetallic of the Republic of Komi ingasetyenziswa njengoko kwemichiza Mining, imigodi, izinto piezooptic kunye zwi. Kukho izinto yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, izacholo, amatshe kunye nolwakhiwo bezimbiwa izinto.

Uphuhliso kushishino ihlathi kakhulu kweli lizwe. Le ndawo yamahlathi million 38.9 hectares. Kwakhona, kwi Komi Republic eninzi ngezimbiwa, IiReggaeton komhlaba mveliso.

amafutha eziphili zamandulo

Eyona mithombo ibalulekileyo zendalo weRiphabliki Komi na namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. Ingakumbi kuyimfuneko ukwabela iidipozithi zamalahle-langa. Uninzi lwabo buzinze Pechora amalahle isitya. Apha, 213 ezigidi iitoni amalahle, apho wayiphuthaphutha yonke 9 billion.

Kwi-Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi kunye Komi Republic kubekwe Timan-Pechora Basin,-60% yayo imithombo oli ekrwada. imithombo yayo zejoloji - iitoni billion 4. Kukho kwakhona phantse 3 ezigidi mitran m ³ zegesi hydrocarbon.

E Timan, kufuphi kwilali Nyamed e Izhmy isitya i asphaltites zoshishino intsimi - ngetha eqinileyo zendalo. Le mveliso utshintsho supergene yomelele kumphezulu yeoli. Asphaltites angemi kwi ioli ovelisa a iidipozithi ichibi. deposit Timan kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona bazizinhanha eRashiya.

Nja- - iliwa ngentlenga akhiwa kukwakhelana undecomposed apha kumgxobhozo de kube sekupheleni iintsalela zesityalo. amadobo nja- ezingaphezu kwe-10% wonke ummandla kwiriphabliki, ngenxa yokuba oovimba apha elikhulu umgquba - malunga 1 billion iitoni.

Idipozithi le shale oyile - nezadunge ezine: Bolshezemelskaya, Izhma, Yarengsky kunye Sysolskiy. Oil shale a izimbiwa lentlenga eliquka izimbiwa kunye nezinto eziphilayo (lesilicon, udongwe, njl) ISahlulo.

Mining and izinto yemichiza ekrwada

Izimbiwa of the Republic of Komi lucaciswa, kwaye lezemigodi imichiza izinto. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, phosphate. Bona equlunqiweyo pai-Khoi, i Polar Urals, Timan, kwakunye kumadama okuqubha imilambo Vym Sysola.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XII kummandla phambili imveliso ityuwa. oovimba Industrial yeliwa potassium ityuwa zibekwe kufutshane kwilali Seregovo kunye ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-2.7 billion. Ngamnye nyaka yayiveliswa ukusuka malunga 6000 iitoni yetyuwa ezityiwayo.

E Komi Republic, iidiphozithi ezimbini barite - barium Natural sulphate. Hoylinskogo oovimba yemali asendle, ukuba phantse zizigidi 40 tonnes, ukuba ibekwe kufutshane nedolophu eVorkuta. ifildi Palninskoe uye zolondolozo ezincinane - malunga 17 million tons.

On the River North Keltma River eMzantsi Timan wafumana iidipozithi ezincinane sulphur zomthonyama.

Mining and izinto mveliso ekrwada

Kwiphondo phambene-Zemlya eyaziwa imali enkulu fluorite - calcium fluoride, iglasi ilitye ayenechaphothi ngaphaya okanye ngaphaya kwawo kunye nombala ezahlukeneyo. Yezona iidiphozithi eziphicothwe - Amderminsk ozishiye igcina imali ukuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi-1.5 zeetoni.

Iidipozithi crystal iliwa ezintabeni polar Urals esafunyanwa 1927. Njengoko izinto piezooptic ekrwada akhazimlayo waqala eyavela 1930. On Northern Timan e tonsils neagati wafumana ziikristale ezincinane njengekristale.

izinto amatye Natural

Lo mmandla wafumana izinto ilitye zendalo ezifana lekalika kunye dolomite - carbonates magnesium kunye calcium. Amasimi inkulu equlunqiweyo Belgopskoe. Le imi kummandla Ukhta, koovimba balo kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-15 ^m-3.

Isichumisi - izinto ilitye zendalo, kukho izimbiwa kwiklasi ye sulfates - evela emasimini ezimbini. On Ust'Tsilma koovimba ayo million 70 tons, ngomhla Izhemsky - iitoni abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-150.

I Komi Republic osisityebi sandstones, quartzites kunye namatye crystalline. Umzekelo, kuMbindi Pechora uye amajoni imali leyo eye oovimba ezinkulu kwesanti iglasi zwi.

izinto semiprecious ekrwada

Elinye iqela kwezimbiwa ze kwiriphabliki - loo nto ukulisika ipolishi amatye. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho, prehnite, zwi, evuthiweyo kunye neziqhushumbisi. On Polar phambene zenzeka iintlobo izacholo zwi Polar phambene - ngeerubhi kunye North Timan - prehnite, silicates aluminiyamu, kunye calcium.

Kuba amatye ezokuhombisa ziquka nezemarmore, neagati, jade, serpentinite, jade neyaspisi. E Timan and polar Urals sebephonononge oovimba ngeerubhi kwi pai-Khoi - Jasper. I Polar and Polar Urals Ungafumana rocks emarmore emhlophe: ezingwevu - kufutshane kaloliwe Seida-Labytnangi, omthubi kunye ezingwevu - kuMzantsi Timan kwaye kufutshane nesikhululo Halmer-U. Zokubonisa serpentinite ifumaneka nezitya ye nembeleko Great Vangyr kunye Kosyu kwi Polar Urals, kunye needipozithi jade nejeyidi ezifumaneka Polar Urals.

imithombo Komi Republic luncedo zithiwe thaca ngedayimani. Apha zifumaneka Devonian kunye paleorossypyah, ubuncinane - in the North kunye placers Middle Timan mihla, ezafunyanwa ezinqabileyo wafumanisa kwi Urals Northern.

minerals ore

Le ngingqi iidipozithi enkulu titanium esikrwada, malunga ne-30% yazo zonke isitokhwe zamazwe ico. Le Iidipozithi kakhulu zihlolwe - yi Yaregskoye. Contents leucoxene apha 20-30%.

In the Republic of Komi eqhelekileyo aluminium ekrwada. Uninzi iphondo webauxite yavulwa kuMbindi naseMzantsi Timan kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.

Gold ore rhoqo idibane ne polar kunye Urals ekwincamzwe, kwakunye Timan. Eyona umdla zithathwa industrial kombambi webhola legolide Timan headwater Tsilma, Nivshery kunye tansy kunye Kozhym isitya.

isiphelo

I Komi Republic esisityebi oli, irhasi kunye namalahle. Ngenxa umthamo kwezimbiwa zokubasa ekunokuthiwa kummandla omkhulu amafutha isiseko inxalenye North yaseYurophu yaseRashiya. Ukongeza, isihloko kwezibonelelo amahlathi kunye namanzi wamandla.