Sol Bellou: ibhayografi kunye photo

Nobel Prize, i umbhali obalaseleyo kwinkulungwane yama-20, umbhali American Sol Bellou waphila ixesha elide kakhulu yaye zizityebi ubomi ngobuchule. On iincwadi zayo izizukulwana ezininzi abantu abathanda iincwadi esemgangathweni. amazwi akhe kunye neencwadi nangoku ezifanelekileyo namhlanje, yaye ngobomi umdla.

Intsapho Childhood

Sol Bellou wazalwa kaJuni 10, 1915, kwisixeko encinane eKhanada Lachine kufuphi Montreal. Usapho lwakhe iminyaka emibini phambi kokuba babesuke St Petersburg zikhangela ubomi obungcono. Ekuqaleni, igama le nkwenkwe uSolomon Belouz. Le ntsapho iingcambu yamaYuda-Lithuanian, utata waye ekuhlaleni lwamaYuda, ke ngoko, wanika umfana igama eliqhelekileyo isiHebhere. Kodwa kamva ukudibanisa ngcono eluntwini unyana ka-Abraham Belouz igama American asisifutshane nefani yomntwana. Ngoko kwakukho Sol Bellou. E St. Petersburg, le ntsapho nempumelelo kakhulu, kodwa yokushiywa of kakhulu nzima ubomi bakhe. Uyise umbhali elizayo yayisenza kwiintengiso zamalahle, kunye nomama wakhe wasebenza umpheki njengesicocisi. Lo mkhaya abantwana abane, lo mncinane kubo nguSawule. ubomi bam bonke, baye bazama ukwenza abazali ukuba bafundise abantwana. UAbraham ohambisa ukuba eChicago ukuphucula ubomi bentsapho. USawule wakhuliswa esixekweni yaye ingqalelo ngokwakhe a Chicagoans okwenyaniso. Wabonisa i utyekelo nokunikeza esemncinane, sele njengomntwana wayethetha ngeelwimi ezininzi, yaye wayekuthanda ukufunda. Kwiminyaka emine, yena kakuhle isiHebhere ngonaphakade eluthandweni neBhayibhile. Xa uSawule wayeneminyaka 9 ubudala, ukuba wayegula kakhulu yaye wavaleleka ebhedini, ngeli xesha, wafunda lukhulu iincwadi ezilungileyo. Xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, unina wakhe wafa, yena wakhathazeka kakhulu malunga nale iminyaka emininzi.

ukubunjwa

Nangona isibakala sokuba ukususela ebuntwaneni uSawule wayekuthanda ukufunda kwaye ungathanda ukufunda iincwadi, yena wakhetha ukuqala indlela ulwalathiso lwakhe ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. yena ke phezulu kwindawo of yenkolo enamandla, unina waphupha ukuba wayeza kuba violin okanye urabhi, kodwa uSawule ukhetha indlela eyahlukileyo. Emva esikolweni, wabhalisa iyunivesithi, kodwa hayi kwi kwiSebe IsiNgesi Literature, njengoko kwakukho akhoyo abavakalelwa olomeleleyo anti-yamaYuda, kwaye sokuzikhethela yokufundwa kunye yokuhlalisana. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, amazwi akhe, "yaba ukuvaleka eChicago," yaye wathunyelwa University ntshona e-Illinois. Ngowe-1937, wafumana isidanga sedigri. Kamva ke waqhubeka izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Wisconsin. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuphumelela eyunivesithi, wasebenza unjingalwazi kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ungasoloko ushiya ixesha elide-emi iphupha ebuntwaneni.

ebiza

Ngenxa inkwenkwe, Sol Bellou ukufunda incwadi G. Beecher Stowe kaThixo "yabahamba Malume Tom kaThixo," yaye wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngumbhali. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eya iphupha yaba elide omnye. Kanye emva kokuphumelela, waqala ukuzivakalisa ukubuyekeza kwabo yeemveliso ezintsha kunye neencwadi translation izicatshulwa zamaYuda. Umsebenzi ootitshala, nkomo wabhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala, "phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba", nto leyo eza kunika kuye yimpumelelo entle kakhulu. Le noveli ibhalwe ngohlobo idayari umntu ongakwaziyo va umoya jikelele wokuthand ukuba obujikeleze bonke abantu ngexesha lemfazwe. Eli bali limalunga umntu oqhelekileyo izama ukugcina ingqibelelo ubuni balo ngelixa ukudibanisa eluntwini. Yena uzama ukuba ube yinxalenye yabantu, kodwa akazange aphumelele. Ngokuxhomekeke ukulondoloza lwabo "Mna" phantsi koxinzelelo zoomatshini zentlalo, zenkcubeko yokuziphatha iya kuba yeyona ibalulekileyo kumsebenzi sola Bellou. Impumelelo akukhange inkululeko yezoqoqosho, kwiminyaka embalwa umbhali wayesebenza kwiYunivesithi Minnesota.

umbhali indlela

Ngowe-1947, nkomo wakhupha inoveli yakhe yesibini - "Victim", oluqhubeka umxholo kokugcinwa bangoobani phantsi koxinzelelo kuluntu. Kananjalo apha kukho umgca wesibini ebalulekileyo, nto leyo ke umbhali aza kuphuhlisa - oku ke ingxaki anti-kwamaJuda. yena uSawule wajamelana ngokuphindaphindiweyo nesibakala sokuba ubuhlanga bakhe isiba sisithintelo indlela yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo kunye nobomi. Ngowe-1948, umbhali ifumana ibhaso Guggenheim, elathi ukuba ashiye umsebenzi ukufudukela eParis ufumane ukusebenza kwi inoveli "The Adventures of Augie Matshi". Sol Bellou kwakhona kuphakamisa umba lamanene yamaYuda iingxaki yokuziphatha usetsho endleleni. I inoveli uthathwa inoveli classic picaresque ye-US, kwaye abanye abaphandi bathi ngayo indalo ilungileyo zombhali. Emva lo msebenzi zeenkomo Waziwa kwaye umntu ayezizityebi ukunika ixesha elingakumbi uncwadi. Kodwa uyaqhubeka efundisa. Kuba ixesha elithile wasebenza eNew York, Puerto Rico, kodwa ngowe-1964 wabuyela emzini esengumntwana - Chicago. Apha waqala ukusebenza kwiYunivesithi, ekufundiseni izakhono zobuchule kunye nombhali ukusebenza umsebenzi kwisebe ngalinye ingcamango lwentlalo. Kangangeminyaka engama-30, yena unjingalwazi yale yunivesithi, ukunceda ababhali abaneziphiwo Zingena uncwadi kunye ebomini. Zeenkomo wayemthanda Chicago, wathi yena avakalelwa ekhaya apha. Apha ke engqongwe ngabantu aqhelekileyo kunye neendawo: nabahlobo esikolweni, abamelwane, nabo. Wayedla wancokola elide kunye nomhlobo wakhe --sobulumko Allan Bloom.

Ngowe-1964 wapapasha entsha Bellou Roman - "Duke" ngubani ifuimana abafundi ngezandla ezishushu kakhulu nabagxeki. Ibali uprofesa waseyunivesithi, ukukhangelwa esixakekileyo intsingiselo yobomi, umbhali ngebande elinye kunye nababhali ezinkulu ezifana Joyce, Updike, Tolstoy. Ngexesha ngobomi bakhe creative zeenkomo babhala iinoveli-14 eziphambili kunye novellas, imidlalo kunye nengqokelela ezininzi amabali amafutshane, kwakunye 4 imisebenzi obubhaliweyo.

A bit unako ukukhumbula ababhali kuqhubeka ukwenza kuse ebudaleni kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ukuze ezinjalo lucky ubalisa Sol Bellou. "Ravelshteyn" - kwinoveli yokugqibela umbhali - bafika ngo-2000, xa wayeneminyaka engama-85 ubudala. Kwincwadi yakhe ubalisa ibali umhlobo wakhe elide A. Bloom, kodwa ukuqonda umlinganiswa ophambili kunye nezinye AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Le ncwadi ibonisa kwiingxaki ezininzi zeenkomo ngayo langoku kwezi bulumko jikelele.

Ngowe-1993, umbhali kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela eBoston, apho wafumana umsebenzi kwi University. Apha wagqibezela uhambo lwakhe.

indlela yombhali

Umbhali isoloko wabiza omnye stylists ngopfu iincwadi American. Yakhe yimvakalelo ngokungangqalanga zentetho kunye nokukwazi ukufumana ngobuwena enjalo yokucinga, leyo angazishiyi umfundi akanankathalo. Iincwadi zeenkomo ngumzekelo uxhulumaniso iincwadi ekhethekileyo highbrow, owayamene yeencwadi bulumko, iprozi kunye ibali umdla egcina ingqalelo yomfundi kulo lonke ibali. Phakathi ezakudala zoncwadi American, indawo yesibini emva Faulkner wawumisa ngokwalo njengoko uSol Bellou. "I-Duke", "Ravelshteyn", "Augie Matshi" yaba baseMelika njengento ebalulekileyo imithwalo nenkcubeko yabo.

iincwadi best

Kodwa ke umbhali yafumana udumo emva kokukhutshwa kwincwadi yakhe yokuqala, umsebenzi wakhe inoveli awukho mkhulu kangaka,, phantse yonke imveliso - into wobugcisa ngokwenene. Ibali "Thabatha lo mzuzu 'Sol Bellou wakhululwa ngowe-1956, yaye iba ebonakalayo ngokoMthetho imixholo ozithandayo lombhali kunye namatheko. Le ncwadi ibalisa ibali ummeli wendlela kwesizukulwana 50, nto leyo uyasokola ukufumana umendo wakhe ebomini. Yena uya ngokusebenzisa amaxesha kunzima yaye eqonda ukuba kufuneka siphile namhlanje. Umbhali ayiniki iiresiphi, kwaye lubandakanya umfundi ngumfanekiso ngokuhlangeneyo kunye ekufuneni inyaniso. abafundi american kunokubonwa imigca yokuqala kuluhlu lweencwadi, ukufunda efunekayo, oku kulandelayo: ". Henderson yeMvula uKumkani 'Sol Bellou Le ncwadi iye yaba yenye imisebenzi ilungileyo umbhali, eli bali tragicomic ufumene uvavanyo liphezulu zombini bafundi nabagxeki, nto leyo rhoqo. Inoveli "Isipho Humboldt" ngo-1975 amenza kuye Prize owazuza kunye nokuqondwa ngamazwe. Umbhali Book Ubeke eziliqela ezakudala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Awards and Amabhaso

Sol Bellou, ogama iincwadi ziyafundwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, ngenxa yobomi bakhe ufumene iimbasa ezininzi. Nguye kuphela kwimbali iincwadi American wawongwa kathathu Literature Award kaZwelonke, yaye ngowe-1976 wafumana ibhaso le owazuza. Ngomnyaka efanayo wamkela enye mabhaso iphezulu ehlabathini - i-Nobel Prize for Literature. Amalungu eKomiti Nobel iqaphele ukuba umbhali lawongwa ngebhaso ngenxa uhlalutyo ezichuliweyo inkcubeko owayephila ngexesha, yaye umthondo zobuntu. Naye wawongwa IMbasa iButho Imbeko (France), i-National Molteno of Arts (USA), kunye iimbasa ezininzi zoncwadi.

amagama adumileyo

Sol Bellou, ucaphula iincwadi ezichaphazela ubunzulu nobulumko, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumbhali nasengqondweni. Enakho iingxelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezininzi, ingakumbi la mazwi: "Abantu ichaza uthando lwabo nendlela buhlungu abanye" yaye "nesithukuthezi - amandla amakhulu. Nesithukuthezi mfuneko yokuba ngokwaso, kunokuba abazi nesithukuthezi. Wamzalela ibangela imbeko "ukusuka beqhawe March kaThixo; "Yazi indlela ukuthatha unonophelo yena, kwaye kuya kuba yinzuzo kubo bonke ubuntu" ka "Phakathi izulu eMhlabeni"; "Umntu ozelwe wayeyinkedama kunye eyinkedama enye 'ka' Herzog" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

impilo Personal

Sol Bellou wayeyindoda engaqhelekanga. Wayedlala ivayolin, wayenomdla kwezemidlalo, waye abahlobo kunye zobulumko etyalwayo waye admirer eninzi yabafazi. Zeenkomo nditshatile izihlandlo ezi-5, ukususela kwimitshato ezahlukeneyo waba nabantwana abane. umfazi wokuqala - Anita Goshkin - wazala unyana wakhe UGreg, owaba zengqondo, kodwa bonke ubomi bakhe angamxoleli uyise oko waziphosa unina, nkqu wabhala kwimbali yobomi malunga nohlobo eyoyikekayo zombhali. Ekunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini, Anna Chakbasovoy, nkomo waphila unyaka omnye nje kuphela, yaye lo mtshato kwakhona, wazala unyana - Adam. Yena wahamba ekhondweni likayise, waba umhleli hayi umbhali kakhulu yimpumelelo. umfazi Okwesithathu - Susan Glassman, kunye awathi kanjalo waphila ixesha elifutshane. Ukusuka Alexandra - umfazi wesine - umtshato phantse-10 iminyaka. Okokugqibela, umfazi sesihlanu - Dzhenis Fridman - wazala intombi zeenkomo, xa wayeneminyaka engama-84 ubudala. Uthi waqala ngo-2005 yi umhlolokazi yakhe. Sol Bellou wafa Aprili 6, 2005, akazange aphile kancinane phambi ninetieth.