Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk kwimaphu. KwiArchipellgo

Ngoku kutshanje, phakathi kweRussia, umdla wabantu bawo ukhule. Abaninzi banqwenela ukuphumla ngaphakathi kweli lizwe, kwaye oku akusiyo kuphela iindawo zokuhlala kwii-Krasnodar Territory, kodwa kunye neentaba ze-Urals ne-Altai, i-taiga eSiberia, iLake Baikal, njl. Natshanje kwakukho nje abalandeli abahamba ngeendawo ezinzima ukuya eRashiya, umzekelo, kwi-Arctic North . Kule nkalo, kweli nqaku siza kuxelela umfundi malunga nokuba ziphi iinqununu zaseNosibsibirsk ezikhoyo, siya kuziqhelanisa ngokubaluleka nokubaluleka kwazo kwi-Motherland yethu. Ngoko, masiqale.

Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk kwimaphu

Le ngqungquthela ihlala e-Arctic Ocean. Isebenza njengomda phakathi koLwandle lwase-East Siberian kunye neLaptev Sea. Ulawulo lukwaYakutia. Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk ziquka amaqela amathathu. Eyokuqala kwezi ziindawo ezisemzantsi - iLyakhovskys. Ukuchithwa kweD. Laptev bahluke kwi-Eurasia, kunye neSantikov Strait - ukusuka kwisiqithi sase-Anji. Indlu yomkhumbi (iindawo eziqingqiweyo zeeNosibsibirsk Islands) kunye neNew Siberia yakha iqela lesibini. Iyokugqibela, yesithathu-De Long. Ziya ngasenyakatho-mpuma yeqela le-Anjou kwaye ziqithi ezincinane. Wonke umntu unokufumana iIsovosibirsk Islands kwimaphu yaseRashiya. Iingqungquthela zabo zi-75 degrees ezili-16 nemizuzu engama-72 kumntla ne-145 degrees imizuzu eyi-15 ekujikelezeni kwempuma.

Izixhobo

Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk zazihlala ziyinxalenye yelizwekazikazi. Balala kwindawo yomhlaba welizwekazi. Ukukhululeka kweziqithi kuluhlu. Imozulu yintlambo, ibonakaliswa yimvula ebandayo, ubude beenyanga ezilisithoba. Ihlobo libandayo kakhulu, lomoya. Kwiindawo ezinxweme zikhona iindawo ezinamanzi amakhulu, inani elikhulu lamachibi e-glacial kunye nemifudlana encinci, ngenxa yokuba iimeko eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zenziwe kwiimeko eziphazamisayo. Isiqithi saseKotelny sahluke nakubanye bokuba ilapha yi-Bunge Land - intlango e-Arctic eyinqaba. Okuphawulekayo kukuba ngaphambili (iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo) iimeko zezulu kwiiNovosibirsk Islands zahluke ngokupheleleyo - zincinci kunamhlanje. Oku kuboniswa yizinto ezininzi ezifunyanwa ngabantu be-paleontologists: iindawo ezisezintwini zezilwanyana, i- hemolly-rhinoceroses kunye namahhashi asendulo.

Imbali yokufumanisa

I-archipelago ye-Novosibirsk Islands yafunyanwa ngu-Cossack Ya. Permyakov ngo-1712 ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe emlonyeni weLena River ukuya emlonyeni woMlambo waseKolyma. Bafumanisa isiqithi, esibizwa ngokuba yiBig Lyvavsky. Uphando olulandelayo lwaloo ndawo lwaluqhutywe ngumhambi I. I-Lyakhov ngo-1772-1773 kunye noJ. Sannikov ngo-1805. Phantse kwiminyaka engama-16 kamva, uPeter Anjou (1821-1823 gg.) Uchazwe ngokucacileyo iqela leziqithi zale ndawo, eza kuthiwa emva kwayo. Kwaye ngo-1879-1891, i-American De-Long yavula iqela lesithathu. Kwaye sele sele ikhulwini lemashumi mabini, iinqithi eziliqela ezikude zale ndawo zifunyenwe.

Yintoni ekhoyo apha?

Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk ziphantsi kolawulo lwe-Ust-Lensky Reserve. Ngexesha leSoviet Union kwakukho indawo yezobugcisa, kodwa ngokuwa kwe-USSR, abazange bahlale. Imisebenzi yesikhululo seplastiki kuphela. Namhlanje kulabo abafuna ukujwayelana nale ngxenyana eyikude ye-Motherland yethu, iinkampani zokuhamba zihambisa iindwendwe eziqithi, apho uza kuba nethuba lokuhlola izinto ezikulo ndawo.

Kutheni kungabi nentshisekelo kwiArctic?

Ubusika obuqinileyo, ikhephu lihlala phantse kuwo wonke unyaka, kukho iintlambo, amachibi kunye nemilambo. Kukho amaminerali: amalahle, igesi yendalo kunye nabanye. Yintoni enokukhangela imbono yomntu wale mhlaba onzima? Ngesinye isikhathi, i-Novosibirsk Islands abantu abanomdla njengomthombo wamathambo ezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-fossil - ikakhulukazi i-mammoths. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini ukusuka kwii-archipelago zithunyelwa ngaphandle kweetoni. Ngokwezikhumbuzo zabanye abarhwebi, ngubani owayefuna le mveliso kwiBolshaya Lyakhovsky, isiqithi sasiba namathambo amakhulu ahlanganiswe nesihlabathi kunye neqhwa. Iingxowa zazingcwatyelwa ngaphandle kweqhwa, apho i-archipelago yakhiwa ngayo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwindoda yanamhlanje kulezi ziqithi kubangelwa iimeko ezininzi ze-geopolitical-inyaniso i-Arctic yinxalenye yezicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zeRussian Federation. Ngoku, kungekhona nje ezopolitiko, kodwa izazi ze-geologists kunye nezinye izazinzulu zithathwa kwi-shelf yayo. Oku kungenxa yemisebenzi ye-geopolitiki efunyenwe-isidingo sokuhlukaniswa kwele shelf. Ingxaki yecandelo layo kunye neendelezo zelizwekazi ziquka izinto zombini, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba ukwandiswa kwemida yelizwe le-Arctic, kubandakanywa neRussian Federation, kuya kwenza kube lula ukutshala ngokuzithemba ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo ekuhlolisweni kwezemvelo kwimihlaba entsha yeoli neyegesi.

Iingxaki zophando

Iziqithi zaseNovosibirsk zaseRashiya zizona zide kakhulu kwaye azifinyeleleki kuyo nayiphi na icebo: zombini geological and geographical. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abanakubizwa ngokuba yibala elimhlophe kwimephu yelizwe lethu, kodwa kukho indawo enemibala emhlophe apho. Ngokomzekelo, kwiqela leDe-Long kukhona iJeannette Island - ayinayo nayiphi inkcazelo ye geological. Inyaniso kukuba unamabhanki athile, ubuninzi bokuvela kwe-volcanic - kakhulu. Ukongezelela, ayinayo indawo efanelekileyo yokumisela i-helicopter. Ngoko ngoxa izazinzulu-abaphandi babengenakufikelela kuyo. Ngo-Agasti 2012, uhambo lwenzululwazi lwaluqhutyelwa kwiindawo ezinxweme zegranti ukusuka kwiRussia Geographical Society. Ngokukodwa, uphando lwezilwanyana lwaluqhutywa kwiziqithi. Ngenxa yolu hambo, idatha ebalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle zaqokelela. Ukongeza kwimiboniso ebonakalayo, izazinzulu ziqokelele iisampuli ze-biomaterials kwizifundo ezilandelayo kwi-laboratory. Ukongezelela, ulwazi luqokelelwe kumjikelezo wobomi weebragi kunye neebhere ze-polar ezihlala kwiiNovosibirsk Islands. Ukufumanisa okubalulekileyo kwakunokuhlangana kunye neempuphu ezimhlophe. Le yinto yokuqala yokubhaliswa kwezi zilwanyana kummandla wamanzi wale ndawo.