Iziqulatho kunye nabalinganiswa beMadama Butterfly Puccini. Yintoni i-opera yeGiacomo Puccini "Madam Butterfly"

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi olwabhaliweyo uyafa xa uzalwa nje. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uyaqhubeka ephila ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, ukufumana iindlela ezintsha ezintsha zokuqaphela: kwi-cinema, kumculo, kwiitater. Ngoko kwenzeka ngeveli encinci yi-American JL Long. Abalinganiswa be "Madam Butterfly" babenomdla kangangokuba bahlonipha ixesha lokuvavanya.

Ibali liqala njani?

Ekupheleni kweXIX kunye neyokuqala kwekhulu lama-XX, ihlabathi lilawula imfashini yezinto zonke ezisempuma, ngoko ke incwadana encinane eyenziwe yashicilelwa kwiphephancwadi ngumlobi waseMerika uJL Long, ayikhangeli nje kuphela kubafundi kodwa kunye ne-playwright uDavid Belasco. Wabhala, ngokusekelwe kulo msebenzi omncinci, umdlalo othi "Geisha", apho inkundla ye-Prince of York Theatre eLondon yayinomdla kuyo.

Ukusebenza okwenziweyo kwaba yimpumelelo ngabaphulaphuli, yingakho umqambi we-opera wase-Italy uGiacomo Puccini ukhethe ukuba abukele. "Madam Butterfly" (nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha umdlalo wabizwa ngokuthi "Geisha") wawuthandwa kakhulu ngongoma womculo, owayefuna ibali ngomsebenzi wakhe olandelayo, ukuba wathabatha ngokukhawuleza imbono.

Iphupha elide elide

Eyonwabile yimbali, uGiacomo Puccini waphendukela kwii-freetistist ezona zilungele ixesha, owakubona uL. Illik noJiacosa. Baye bayithanda le ngcamango, nangona kunjalo, isigqibo sokugqibela saziphoqa ukuba silinde. Isolo salokhu kwakumqambi ngokwakhe, oye wasoloko eshiya iindwendwe, ngoko-ke akuthethi kuphela kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseItali, kodwa nakwiindwendwe zangaphandle.

Akunakuncedisa ukubhala ngokukhawuleza komculo kunye nomnye umdla wePuccini - iimoto. Ukuthengwa kweemoto kwatshintsha i-Italiya eshisayo ibe ngumgibeli wangempela, owamgxothayo, engazange alandele isantya, kunye neendlela zelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ingozi, apho wayephakathi komsebenzi kwi-opera, encinci yanciphisa intshukumo yakhe. Umlenze ophukile waba ingxabano enkulu yokuziphatha emva kwevili ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa, naphezu kokulibaziseka, ngo-1903 i-freetto ye-opera "Madame Butterfly" yayilungele.

Ukuze enze umsebenzi wakhe unyanisekile, unomqambi wafunda isiko laseJapan kwaye wayengumvakatye rhoqo kwiNdlu yamaRoma ye-ambassador yaseJapan. Umfazi wakhe, uNksk Okiyama, wayenelisekile ukwenza imirhumo yesizwe yasendulo.

Ukungaphumeleli kokuqala

NgoFebruwari 17, 1904 kwimidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMilan "La Scala" enkundleni yababukeli kwakuyi-brainchild yePuccini. Iqela eliphambili lidlalwa nguRosina Strokio (i-soprano). Le nkampani yenziwa ngu-Giovanni Zenatello (uLieutenant Pinkerton). Nangona kubonakala ukuba abalinganiswa "Madam Butterfly" babemhlophe kwaye banengqiqo, abaphulaphuli babemangalisekile, baxhamla i-premiere. Kwaye ngomhla wesibini, amaphephancwadi azaliswe ngamaqaku amanqabileyo ngabagxeki.

Umqambi wayexinekile, kodwa akazange avume ukuqonda ingcamango yakhe njengokuhluleka. Wayekholelwa ukuba i-opera yakhe yayiza kuphumelela ngokubhalela kwileta eya ku-K. Bendi: "Ekugqibeleni, uya kubona - ukunqoba kuya kuba kum!" UGiacomo Puccini uphulaphule iingcebiso kubahlobo nabagxeki. Ususa ezinye izigcawu, uhlula isenzo sesibini kwizinto ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kwaye umema i-opera yase-Ukraine uSolomonya Krushelnytska indima ephambili. I-freetto "Madame Butterfly" idlala nemibandela emitsha. Abaphulaphuli, babuthana kwiGrande Theatre (eBrescia) ngoMeyi 28, 1904, badibana nomsebenzi ngokuzonwabisa. Umqambi wayebizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba aqubude.

Intlekele yowesifazane onothando

I-opera ikhula ekupheleni kweXIX kunye ne-XX leminyaka eNagasaki. Eli bali lichaza indlela i-geisha yaseChio-Cio-san, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-butterflies ngobuhle nobabalo, yathandana nommeli-mandla we-American i-Pinkerton. Ukuvakalelwa kwakhe kwakunamandla kangangokuba, ngokuchasene nezithethe zabantu bakhe, uyamtshata. Enyanisweni, i-Butterfly ayisisilumko ayinakuqonda ukuba okhethwe ngulo mtshato kukuzonwabisa kuphela, akayi kuthatha ngokungathandekiyo.

Ibali likaMama Butterfly yintlungu yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kweehlabathi ezimbini: iNtshona kunye neMpuma, indoda kunye nowesifazane. Indoda ephucukileyo iphenduke ibe ngumntu ongeyinto engabonakaliyo ukuba izibhambathiso ziya kuba zingcwele, ngoko uyaziphulaphula ngokulula. Kodwa ukuba umthengisi wezithethe zamandulo (ezibonakala ngathi indoda yaseNtshona ukuba yindalo), amagama athi "inyunyana", "ukunyaniseka", "uthando" lunzima ngaphezu kokuphila. Yingakho iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu zaba ngumntu oyingozi.

Abalinganiswa abakhulu be "Madame Butterfly"

• I-Chio-Cio-san ngumfazi omhle waseMpuma. Nguye ummeli wengcali yasendulo eJapan - i geisha. Kodwa, nangona kwakubonakala ngathi yincithakalo, i-Butterfly yabonisa ukuqina okungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili, ilandela imigaqo yayo ekupheleni.
• ULieutenant Benjamin Pinkerton ngumncedisi waseMerika, ongenazo ukungazithembi wavumelana nomtshato waseJapane, kodwa wayekuqonda njengento eyanelisayo kwinkonzo. Iimvakalelo zakhe azizinzulu, yintoni eyenza ngokugqithiseleyo anqumle umtshato ukuba atshade naye.
• Inqabileyo ingumbonisi waseMerika. Lo ngumdala ohloniphekileyo othe, kusukela ngomhla wokuqala wobomi bakhe, wayekhathazekile ngoMama Butterfly kwaye wayethemba ukuba i-Pinkerton ayiyi kumcaphukisa. Umlingiswa wakhe ucolile, uvuyo. Iimbono zommeli ebomini kubonakala kunoko.
• Usuzuki uyinceku ethembekileyo yoBugubhane. Ubonakaliswa ngumsindo obushushu kunye nokuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo, okucaphukisa i-Pinkerton. Wazama ukusindisa inkosikazi ukuba azibulale, kodwa akazange aphumelele.
• UGoro ngumdlali womdlalo wendawo. Nguye owamfumana "umfazi wesikhashana" we-lieutenant, kwaye uzama ukunciphisa i-Butterfly kwi-prince, kodwa ufumana ukugatya okugqithisileyo.

Lawa manqaku abalulekileyo kwi-opera iMama-Butterfly, okukuyo okujoliswe kuyo kumava abo. Abalinganiswa abavela kwisiteyibhile baquka uMalume Bonza (umonakalo kwiQebhuthelisi ngenxa yomnqweno wakhe wokutshintsha unqulo lwabawokho), iNkosana Yamadori (icela izandla zikaChio-Cio-san emva kokungcatsha kuka-Pinkerton), uDolore (unyana we-lieutenant kunye ne-geisha), uKate (umfazi Bhenjamin).

Opera «Madame Butterfly». Iziqulatho zesenzo sokuqala

Isenzo senzeke kwindlu entsha kaLieutenant Pinkerton, elaliqashisayo. UBenjamin unelisekile ngokupheleleyo ngobomi: wayesanda kutshata ngeJapan ekhangayo. Akayinyanzelo yimigaqo yokuziphatha, uyaziqhayisa ngeengcebiso zeConsul Sharpless: musa ukuphula intliziyo yentombazana.

Emva koko landela ulwalamano lomtshakazi nomyeni. U-Chio-Cio-san utshela u-lieutenant ngaye ngokwakhe, malunga ne-kimono yakhe, ekhondweni anxibe ngayo "imiphefumlo yooyise", avuma kumntu okhethiweyo othandweni kwaye uthembisa ukutshintsha inkolo kuye.

Umcimbi womtshato uphazamisekile ngotyelelo lukaMalume Butterfly, othuka umntakwabo ngokulungele ukuyeka ukholo lwabawo ngenxa yaloo ndoda. Umtshato awunakunqandwa, zonke iindwendwe kunye nezihlobo zomtshakazi zisuswe. Umfazi omtsha okhungathekileyo uyancipha kuphela kwiingalo zomlingane.

Isenzo sesibini. Isenzo kuqala

Kwathatha iminyaka emithathu. U-Pinkerton waphosa uMadame Butterfly. Umxholo wesenzo sokuqala sigxininiswe ngokupheleleyo kwi heroine ephezulu. Intombi ka-Suzuki izama ukukholisa inkosikazi ukuba indoda yakhe yamshiya ngonaphakade. Intukuthelo uCio-Cio-san ithululela i-aria eyaziwayo "Ngosuku olucacileyo, olufunayo," apho ithemba elithandekayo liya kubuya.

I-Consul engenaziqhamo iya kwi-Butterfly indlu enobumba echaza ukuba uBenjamin washada eMelika. Incoko yabo iphazamisa ukubonakala kweGoro kunye nePrince Yamadori, ofuna ukuthabatha iQebhokoza kumfazi wayo. Xa bekunqatshiwe, iindwendwe ziyacinywa. Iingcebiso ezingenakunqwenela ukuba zamkele ukunikezelwa kwesikhulu kwaye ikwazisa ukuba uPerkerton washada. Ingcamango yokuqala yowesifazane uyazibulala, kodwa uyazimela aze acele i-consul ukuba yazise indoda yakhe ngonyana wayo.

Emva kwexesha elithile, umkhumbi waseMerika ungena kwichweba. U-Chio-Cio-san uyazi ukuba uyathandwa. Uyambathisa, ahlobisa indlu aze amlindele, kodwa kungabikho ngokuhlwa okanye ebusuku.

Isenzo sesibini

Abalinganiswa "Madam Butterfly" kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-opera laba nemvakalelo. I-Pinkerton ne-Sharpless bavakashela i-Cio-Cio-san. UmkaBhenjamin wahlala egadi. Umkhonzi waqala ukuqaphela yonke into, kwaye ummeli-mandla, ebona iinyembezi zakhe, ebalekela, ukuze angathathi nxaxheba kuloo ndawo.

Ukungena kweNqabana kwangoko kwaqonda yonke into. I-Consul iyamxelela ukuba umfazi wase-Pinkerton womthetho uyavuma ukunyamekela umntwana wakhe. I-butterfly iyayiqonda ukuba akukho ndlela yokuphuma, kwaye icela indoda yakhe ukuba ifike emva kweyure emva komntwana. Eli xesha lanele ukuba azibulale.

Ngethuba lomthandazo wokulungiselela umnkosikazi, umkhonzi uphonsa unyana wakhe egumbini, enethemba lokuba oku kuya kummisa. Ukumnika umntwana itekisi kunye nokubopha amehlo akhe, u-Chio-Cio-san uyazibetha emva kwesikrini. Xa i-Pinkerton kunye ne-Sharpless ibonakala ekamelweni, i-Butterfly inamahloni yayinamandla okwaneleyo okubonisa kuphela unyana wayo.

Ukungafi kwe-opera

Lo msebenzi waba yintloko yengqondo yeG. Puccini. "Madame Butterfly" ayizange ihlonishwe ngabantu baseNtaliyane kuphela, kodwa kunye nabalandeli bomculo bangaphandle. Kwakungekho nanye eyaphumelekanga ukuveliswa kwe-opera. Umqambi wayelungile xa egqiba ukuphefumlela ubomi bobini enzalweni yakhe, etshintsha isakhiwo sakhe kwaye wamema uSolomiya Krushelnytska ongenakulinganiswa ukuba enze iqela eliphambili.

Abahlali baseFransi, eNgilani, eRashiya, eUnited States, eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi baya kwi-theater ngokuzonwabisa, bebona igama le-opera kwiipowusta. Bavakalelwa ngo-Chio-Cio-san, abanomsindo, becaphukile ku-Pinkerton, bakhathazeke ngebanga lomntwana. Umculi ngamnye we-opera ubona inkolelo yokwenza iqela le-Butterfly yaseJapane eyingqungquthela, eyatshatyalaliswa yintando yomntu ongafanelekanga.

UGiacomo Puccini wadala uqobo, owazifumana ukungafi kwisigaba. "Madam Butterfly" isabonwa njengenye yezona zinto zihamba phambili kwihlabathi.