Izivakalisi entolongweni kunye namagama kunye nokutyhilwa

Kwimbali yoluntu, kunye ukwahluka yayo lwamazinga yenkcubeko bekusoloko kukho amaqela athile abantu, ngokuziphatha kunye nexabiso orientation zabo musa angena ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo kwaye abathwali izithethe, ngaphaya nesithethe, kodwa babe negalelo kuluntu. Umzekelo Russian obalaseleyo ayanceda lempucuko entolongweni, nto leyo nayo ebomini abemi umthetho abaninzi, izigwebo, nto leyo yenza isiseko kokuthanda mihla slang.

Amasela kwiintetho - abarhwebi yindlalifa ulwimi

Ngenxa yokuba izaphuli-mthetho, izivakalisi entolongweni ziyinxalenye ulwimi Russian (I angathanda ukuba okanye hayi), beza nabo imfutshane labaphandi, kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye amacandelo sezulu. Uphando kakhulu kule meko, izazinzulu benza ngenkulungwane XIX kwaye bafumana ulwazi olunomdla. Ndafumanisa ukuba kwiintetho amasela ', uye kuphela ubudlelwane kunye ulwimi ofihlakeleyo abarhwebi Russian, kodwa kukwayinto siyinzala yakhe. Nkqu igama layo kanye - "Fenya" livela kwigama ndimsulwa "ofen", nto leyo ithetha ukuba umthengisi ozulazulayo.

Kukholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba ekudalweni ulwimi ngasese axhomekeke kule nokunqwenela ukuzimela iindlebe bagubha bonke abachaphazelekayo amahlebo orhwebo - imithombo kwempahla, amaxabiso yentengo, izicwangciso ukuphumeza ngaphezulu. Kodwa apha iqala indlela esuka kwesitulo ukuya ukunyaniseka umthengisi emhadini amasela. Isibakala sokuba abarhwebi ngokwabo ngokuba "obzetilnikami", yaye kuyabonakala ukuba kungabi ngaphandle sizathu - isenzi 'obzetit "ngolwimi lwabo kwakuthetha ukuba akhohlise, ukukhohlisa. Ngokucacileyo, ulwimi ngokufihlakeleyo bakhonza ngakumbi ukuba babelane ngolwazi malunga phi nendlela ubuqhophololo.

"Fenja" - umqondiso ubandakanyeka kwihlabathi amasela

Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi kakhulu, phakathi kwabo Academician DS Likhachev, inoluvo lokuba mhlawumbi kwesivakalisi entolongweni ezisenokusebenza njengendlela ethembekileyo kuyimfihlo. kwamasela ezithile thina unganikeza umhlaseli ngaphezu ukufihla iinjongo zakhe. Ukongeza, nangona yena uzele kwiintetho ezithile, kodwa hayi kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba Akukwazi kwabanye. Kuya kucingelwa ukuba injongo 'ukunika damn' ukuba zibhenca le njengesela 'abo' yaye, kunye nezinye iimpawu: abambatha, umlenze ahambe, umvambo, ulwimi lomzimba, njalo njalo - ukugxininisa inxusa yayo ehlabathini yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Esinye isizathu sokuba slang entolongweni, amabinzana, amabinzana kunye nezinye izinto uphawu intetho ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa laya - nokwenziwa lula kwabanye. Umzekelo, abasebenzi imizimba zokunyanzelisa umthetho, okt ngabo kubani kwaye kufuneka ugcine iimfihlelo, funda isigama ethile ngokulula. Kunjalo wathi abalungiseleli kwiindawo lokuvalelwa kunye amabanjwa nabalele entolongweni, kodwa ke musa ndingenguye owehlabathi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Practice kubonisa ukuba ulwimi amasela - into yokuqala zehlela bonke sidelets ezintsha.

Amazwi asakhulayo ukusuka kwixesha

Kukho imbono engachananga isigwebo entolongweni eqhelekileyo yanyamalala Lexicon kwehlabathi yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye kufakwe ezintsha msinyane nje ixabiso liba operatives aziwayo. Oku akunjalo. Uphando kule ndawo ibonisa ukuba izinto ezininzi anzima ukuba ibe khona kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula amagama adumileyo: Loh (simpleton lukwenza) frisk (search), uninakhulu (imali), phoyisa (ipolisa), Bazaar (incoko, mpikiswano), kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abo abaqeshwe kule mihla yokuthetha ezifumaneka epapashwe phambi ncwadana revolution isifundo zehlabathi yolwaphulo kolwimi, ekucetywa ukuba abaphandi kunye ngokuba "slang amasela '. Amasela umculo. "

isisekelo amasela ulwimi - intetho Abantu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, kunye nento yokuba izivakalisi entolongweni kunye namazwi bonke unattractiveness bakhe bezinye iintlanga basoloko iingcambu ezendeleyo phakathi kwabantu. Ngamnye "Urca" - ngoko ngokufuthi bazibiza abameli lo maleko zentlalo, inzalelwane bommandla othile, yaye "isomisi seenwele" yayo amabinzana asetyenziswa rhoqo abonisa iimpawu zolwimi ngengingqi zomthonyama. Umzekelo, ulwimi Russian alusincedanga i "umculo kwelabafileyo," la mazwi, ezithatyathwe lwimi of kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Russia, njengoko bazlat (bekhwaza efunga), itshekhpoyinti (ezincinane, isela abo basandula kuqalisa), Bot (slang) njalo njalo.

Ingakumbi inxaxheba kwinkqubo amabinzana intsomi amasela nokwenziwa ulwimi waba ngexesha yobunzima repressions kaStalin, xa izigidi zabantu kwi Gulag. Ngeli xesha, amasela "Fenja" yathotyelwa kwimeko nempembelelo enamandla iziyelelane bendawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, ukuba iye yafakwa izinto slang ezidolophini kunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nejagoni yobungcali. Kwakhona isici ulwimi thug lunyamezela ngamaxesha utshintsho olukhulu, kubonakala ngokwayo ezininzi zenene ihlabathi ngoko zombini lwasekhaya kwakunye kwinqanaba lezopolitiko.

Izizathu luzimisele ngolwimi mihla nejagoni

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukususela yamashumi amahlanu entolongweni ekukhonzeni abameli izivakalisi ezinde amacandelo ngacandelo oluntu. Phakathi kwabo bawohluthwayo amahlwempu, abasebenzi, owayesakuba wabanumzana, amajoni, ababingeleli, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Bonke bephela, bengafumani ngokwabo emva nocingo oluhlabayo, ngokukhawuleza kakuhle anzima yamkelwa uze kuyo izinto ezahlukeneyo awaziyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha "Fenya" adscititious ngenxa utshintsho wakhe waba njengolwimi onke amabanjwa, nokuba sithini na isimo sabo eminqubeni.

Abo izigidi Gulag amabanjwa, abo unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba ukhululwe, woziswa ukuthanda anzima iye kule minyaka wokupheliswa yinxalenye isigama sabo. Oko kukuthi inani enkulu izithethi zayo banike oku "thug umculo," zinefuthe ebanzi kuphela ndithethile, kodwa ngolwimi yoncwadi yoluntu olukhululekileyo.

Isichazi njengenxalenye yenkcubeko lwangoku

Ngenxa yoko, eSoviet Union, ngenxa yokuba "indlela ekhethekileyo yophuhliso" yayo, wabonakala elikhethekileyo lubonakaliswa kunye neelwimi slang ubutyebi entolongweni, amabinzana kunye namazwi akukho analogue kulo naluphi na olunye ulwimi ehlabathini. Njengokuba i "Inqaba yaseBhabheli" kunye umxube iilwimi, iinkolelo neengcamango malunga ihlabathi, i-Gulag - nentlekele eninzi yabantu, waba ngumhlaba ochumileyo indalo kunye nokusasazwa amasela kunikela damn. On izithuba evulelekile, liye lantinga laya phezulu nanto.

izigwebo zibe yinxalenye ulwimi Russian. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba zizifundiswa ezininzi, ingakumbi kwicala lezingluntu, yonduluka iminquba yokugqibela kaStalin, waphawula kwiingxelo yakhe engathandi wawa phantsi kwempembelelo sasendle nezinto ezimibalabala, waba xi wokwenene intetho ethandwayo. Zono wabonisa ukuba ngaphandle isigama olu hlobo kwiintetho, etymology ezimangalisayo amazwi alo, ulwazi iingcambu kunye neempawu, Kakade ke, uhlwempuzeke, kuphela Russian, kodwa imbali yesizwe, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kunye nenkcubeko ngokubanzi.

Imvelaphi ezinye esithandwayo

Ukuqhubeka ukuthetha ngolwalamano "umculo thug," isigama lwesigodi, kwakunye ngokuhlolisisa izivakalisi entolongweni kunye nentsingiselo yawo, kufanelekile ukuba ukukhumbula phakathi kwezinye izinto lixhaphakile eli gama kakhulu Le Pen (ibhatyi) kwihlabathi-mthetho. etymology wayo kakhulu umdla. Kanye bume, othuke-abathubelezisa abarhwebi oko kwakuthetha isikhafu nemazi ipeyintwe (Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukususela igama Slavic lepota - ubuhle). Le ixabiso efanayo ibinayo ekuqaleni kunye namasela. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwiiyure elide kunyanzeliswa sobuvila sideltsy beqabe iitshefu njengezipho wathumela ekhaya. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimveliso yabo igama Marochko (kwigama elimdaka, ezimdaka), kunye negama yawo yangaphambili agqitha iibhatyi, kunokuba phambi ulizwi eqhelekileyo emqhokrweni weliwa.

amabinzana Comic ezinye izaphuli-mthetho

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho izivakalisi entolongweni kakhulu etyeni namabinzana. Umzekelo, i uninitiated iya kuba isiphelo ofileyo, yakuliva ibinzana elithi 'ibhokisi ngomculo ". Kubonakala ukuba le nto ifana ithile ngepiyano eqhelekileyo. Okanye igama kuphela yabefundisi "isibingelelo", kusetyenziswa itafile abagwebi. Yaye kakhulu funny kubonakala ukusebenzisa amagama odumileyo French umboniso zolinganiso Belmondo kwixabiso umntu osisiyatha kunene, Siyathandini. Ngokubanzi, isigwebo entolongweni - fun hayi rhoqo kakhulu ukwakhiwa ngokwesiseko ezisetyenziswa amabinzana eziqhelekileyo ngolwimi aze abanike, ingqiqo entsha maxa wambi ezingalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo olwenza ukuba ohlekisayo.

iingcambu yamaYuda amabinzana amaninzi amasela

Isimanga, kodwa ukuyilwa 'umculo' i "amasela notorious gqitha iilwimi ezimbini Jewish - Hebrew kunye Yiddish. Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba i-Russia pre-revolution ngenxa yomthetho Pale amaYuda Settlement wambumba iindawo zazo zokuhlala compact. Abazange kade kuvela uhlanga (kulo mzekelo yamaYuda) kumaqela kulwaphulo-mthetho olucetyiweyo. amalungu azo banxibelelane nabanye e Yiddish okanye ngesiHebhere - ulwimi okungaqondakaliyo ngokupheleleyo emapoliseni, ngenxa yokuba inkonzo yamaYuda enaningamkelanga zona, yaye, ngokunjalo, ayizange iguqulelwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la mabinzana liqulunqe slang entolongweni, amabinzana, kunye namazwi ethile ezingenakulinganiswa kuqondwe ngabasemagunyeni.

Ngokomzekelo, bonke shakedown igama ezaziwayo-kakuhle (search). Kwathi ukusuka Hebrew - Shmona (ezisibhozo), kwaye oko kwenzeka. Inyaniso yokuba engasezantsi eRashiya, apho kukho kudla sifakwe amaYuda apho kwafuneka kukhonza izivakalisi zabo iiseli entolongweni, ngokocwangciso lusekiwe, ngentsimbi yesibhozo ngokuhlwa zaye kufunwa. It is a unxulumano lwesemantiki phakathi yintshukumo ukhuseleko kunye nexesha apho kuveliswa, iye eveliswa olunzulu kusekelwe kwihlabathi amasela yokuthetha.

Omnye umzekelo yemalimboleko ukusuka ngesiHebhere, Yiddish, eli xesha, eli fraer ilizwi, livela Frej (inkululeko). Isetyenziswa ukubhekisela kubantu abangazenziyo ehleli entolongweni, yaye abazange babe namava afanelekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, njengoko isetyenziswa ebomini bethu Blat igama (umzekelo, ukufumana into ngokusebenzisa ngendibaniso) nalo ngenxa Yiddish. Oku kusekelwe ilizwi Die Blatte - noxwebhu lwephepha okanye incwadi ebhaliweyo. Kulo mzekelo, ibhekisela izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze amatyala phawula umntu ekunene.

Izichazi amasela namazwi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, entolongweni engaphucukanga - amabinzana kunye elilodwa ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi lolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokuphindaphindiweyo sasingumba uphando kweelwimi. Oku kwaqala ngenkulungwane XIX izichazi-slang sikuvumela VI Ingqumbo yeminyanya ne ID Putilin. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakhula okhethekileyo iimfuno zoluntu kwinkalo Ezolimi ukumqumbisa imbonakalo ngo-1908 we-magama oluqulunqwe yi VF Trachtenberg - enye cheaters abadumileyo ekuqaleni lwekhulu XX.

Le esibulalayo ebalaseleyo adumileyo ezithengiselwe Government of the French kwimigodi Morocco, ukuba lowo ongambethe ubudlelwane encinane yaye andizange ibonwe emehlweni. Ngenye imini, emva adventures eliqela 'ezukileyo "kwi entolongweni Taganka, azalise izinto zakhe ixesha ukuqokelela ungangxameli isigama amasela', nto leyo wangena slang entolongweni - amabinzana iguqulelwe.

Emva kokuba iincwadi zakhe ivuso ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kupapashwa isichazi-magama kunye nezinye abacwangcisi, kodwa, njengoko nkqu ekumazini zangaphandle kunye nabo, baye yakhutshelwa nje ukusuka ipowusta lwangaphambili kwaye utyikityo olutsha inikwe yomshicileli. Umzekelo, yakhululwa eko Dictionary Lebedev i uhlelo Trachtenberg ngandlel ezandisiweyo, kunye nengqokelela elandelayo kuye VM Popov waba uphindaphindo yomsebenzi Lebedev kaThixo. SM Okulandelayo Potapov wakhupha isichazi-magama sakhe; kwaye kungekho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka uhlelo Popov. Phela, ngeli xesha yabeka isiseko kugcwele ezibhalwe ngabanye koko lexicographical.

Amasela nejagoni namuhla

Iingcali ze slang mthetho mihla bakholelwa ukuba namhlanje oko awanazo ezona amaxesha. Ngokutsho kwabo, iye ngokuthe chu isihla ngokuhla. Esinye isizathu sokuba le nto kuthiwa unazo utshintsho entolongweni. Phakathi kwabo abazifumana emva nocingo oluhlabayo, ipesenti enkulu lumpen - abantu nesigama emidala kakhulu. Ichaphazela baswele criminogenic ulutsha umaleko. Ngokubanzi, abantu abaninzi badla ukuchaza ihlabathi "anomie" amabanjwa '.

umhleli oyintloko "Mediazona" Sergei Smirnov, ukuthetha amabanjwa lwangoku, ezikhethiweyo izigwebo-15 entolongweni, ngokutsho kwakhe, kunika uluvo lokuba Russia yanamhlanje. Olu xwebhu lwapapashwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ushwankathela endleleni, esenzeka kwiminyaka emininzi, Russian slang mthetho. Ukushiya imbambano naxanasi mzuzwana kwabo ubomi mihla, singatsho siqinisekile ukuba kunye kwindawo phraseological lwembono, ngokuqinisekileyo ibonisa ukuqhubeka eliqhubekayo ye yangoku 'ukunika damn "kunye ulwimi yabemi nababefudula iindawo okude kangaka. Owu, "akukho market"!