Yintoni Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic?

Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic - yinto republic bobusoshiyali, ukuzimela abalimi kunye nabasebenzi, obe kwinkulungwane XX ngaphakathi kummandla USSR. Region wazuza kabili iwonga, ngenxa ukulandelelana kweziganeko zomkhosi, inguqu zopolitiko ezentlalo nezoqoqosho.

iimpawu entlalo-qoqosho kunye nendawo

Karelian ASSR - indawo kumntla inxalenye yaseYurophu ye-USSR. Entshonalanga ngayo imingcele eFinland, ngasempumalanga ngakuLwandle White, emzantsi - Ladoga kunye Lake Onega. Inkululeko le zazihamba kunye nentwana ezahlukahlukeneyo iziphumo yintshukumo glacier. Le imithombo yezimbiwa sele ezisasazwa izinto zokwakha (nezemarmore, lenyengane, dolomite, njalo-njalo), Iron ore, linguMika. Ngu imigangatho kummandla yiSoviet Union kucingwe kunokuba umva kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho ukususela emdeni wayo wayengekho izibonelelo amakhulu orhwebo. Ngaphezu koko, uhlanga titular weRiphablikhi, i Finno-Ugric izizwe (Veps, Karelians, eFinland) okunene yenziwe yinxalenye encinane labantu (malunga nama-30%).

Republic walibeka kwixesha loxolo

Imithombo kunye historiography inokuba ukudideka: i Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic, okanye? Ukuze ubone ukhetho lilungelo, kufuneka uqonde utshintshwano lwe thotho. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil i Karelian Labour Thethani yaququzelelwa eRashiya. Kuba okokuqala xa iyunithi yolawulo lwengingqi USSR kokuba similise Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic. Isiseko lo ummiselo Central iKomiti eLawulayo, zisayinwe July 25, 1923 Emva kokuba ulwamkelo entsha siseko waseUSSR, Disemba 5, 1936, igama latshintshwa kwi Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic.

Juni 17, 1937 ingubo lokuqala iingalo kwiriphabliki yaqaliswa, sase umbhalo ngeelwimi ezintathu: Russian, Karelian kunye Finnish. Noko ke, ngoDisemba 29, 1937 wamkelwa version yayo izilungiso ngaphandle isilogeni le akwale. Oku kulindeleke ukuba uqale kummandla zocindezelo nxamnye labemi eFinland.

Amabhunga olawulo kwiriphabliki

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo yaba ukusekwa abasemagunyeni iqela kunye norhulumente, njengoko intsimi, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye RSFSR. Karelian ASSR eyabelwa ubume iyunithi ezimeleyo yolawulo-ndawo, ngoko ke intloko kwamandla olawulo yaba Council of Commissars Abantu, yaye izixhobo iqela sele buzinze Republican Party central umbutho i-Central Committee CPSU (b) (kwindawo ethile kwisithuba - CP CC (b)).

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe oomatshini Sovnarkoma zatshintshwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa, kuquka entsimini. Inguqu wachukumisa republic nganye, ukuzimela, eyayiyinxalenye USSR. Arhente Central kwendawo sifundo ekhokelwa uMphathiswa Karelian ASSR.

imisebenzi Military kweli lizwe

Indawo kwisifundo ngokuphindaphindiweyo waba isikhubekiso ekufezekiseni iimfuno lwamazwe angabamelwane. Ngoko ke, ekwindla ka-1939, xa waqala iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umba wokhuseleko lwe eLeningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane kuye kwakhula kakhulu. Kumgama we-25 km ukusuka sixeko eSoviet umda karhulumente kunye eFinland. Ngenxa ukuhlaselwa ngqo ummandla imikhosi yomkhosi yaseYurophu kweli lizwe omnye iintlanga zisilwa aseYurophu waba yokwenene kakhulu neziqhushumbisi umlilo ngqo. Wayengenako ukwenza i ngumqobo eSoviet Navy, ibekwe Kronstadt, ngokudubula imipu, ebekwe kumgca womda ukuba ukuhlasela kakuhle kakhulu neendawo zeefektri eLeningrad. Ukuthintela esinjalo, ubunkokheli yiSoviet ngo-Oktobha 1939 ukubeka phambili inani kwezindululo e Finland, yaba ukutshintshiselana imimandla kubo. Ingakumbi evela kurhulumente ekufutshane kwakufuneka ukuba banike isiqingatha Karelian Isthmus kunye iziqithi ezininzi kwi-Gulf of Finland. Ngenxa yoko, i-eSoviet Union aqinisekisiwe ukuvelisa Karelia, indawo leyo ngokuphindwe kabini. Finland akazange ukwamkela la magama, kunye nothetha-thethwano phakathi nahambele zixingile.

iinguqu zokuthengisa indawo

November 30, 1939, eqonda ngokupheleleyo amandla le meko, eSoviet Union iqala imfazwe eSoviet-Finnish, nto leyo nayo waziwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Winter. NgoDisemba 1 isayinwe lokuqala "iSivumelwano Abahlobo kunye noNcedo Mutual phakathi USSR kunye Finnish Democratic Republic." Ezicwangciselwe ukuba imida ezintsha ukuvelisa ukwakhiwa iinqaba umda. Ngoko ke, imiqathango isivumelwano yokuvunywa enesiqingatha kummandla Finnish Karelia. Ukuphela kweMfazwe Winter ngoMatshi 1940, xa eSoviet Moscow, amaqela alwayo asayina isivumelwano soxolo. ESoviet Union yaba ziyisebenzise losingasiqithi ka Hanko ziko lomkhosi kunye kumzantsi-ntshona isamba-siqithi, eziquka Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suojärvi polar osempuma kukuliphi kunye ezilalini Alakurtti Kuolajärvi.

yeshumi Republic

Ukuqala ngo-Apreli 1940, i-Karelian ASSR yajika Karelian-Finnish SSR. Kulandelwa ngokoMthetho Moscow Peace iSivumelwano kumafa yayo kwindawo enkulu eFinland yayifakwe.

inguqu Administrative-ndawo bandisa urhulumente kunye osemthethweni ngobume kwiriphabliki ize yandiswe amalungelo oluntu, uphuhliso lwentlalo-qoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko. Emva kwengxoxo, ukuzimela Karelian kwi Lithuanian SSR Julayi 8, 1940 ingubo entsha iingalo yasekwa.

Karelian-Finnish SSR waba nentsimi izimpi kwimfazwe eSoviet Union kunye ku Germany. Ngowe-1941, inxalenye enkulu lizwe wathinjwa kwaye yakhululwa ehlotyeni ka-1944.

amanqaku City Karelian ASSR

Small yi ndawo yaba Karelian ASSR. Izixeko needolophu ayemancinane ngenani yaye Finnish, igama Karelian. Iziko yolawulo weRiphabliki nguye Petrozavodsk. Wayesele yayisesona sixeko sikhulu ngelo xesha. Isimo kweziko lolawulo Petrozavodsk ngoku. Isixeko yesibini ngaphantsi republic ye Sortavala wayekhona. Karelian ASSR waba malunga izixeko elinesibini ye ngaphantsi lwengingqi. It yaseBelomorsk, Kem, Kondopoga, Lahdenpohja Medvezhegorsk, Olonets, Pitkäranta Pudozh, Segezha, Suojärvi.

Ngokutsho komthetho republic ye-akhawunti imizi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo. Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic of kummandla umva ebegqwese similise indawo ngamanye, kutheni thalele abemi, abafuna ukuphucula iimeko zabo zokuphila, wayengekho kuloo ndawo yokugqibela.

Ukufunyanwa ubume

Ukufa I. V. Stalina ngo-1953 kunye neziganeko eyalandela zezopolitiko, ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye nemibono abachaphazelekayo ngqo bayahlelwa kunye kwesi sihelegu, kunye indawo yonke. Indawo weRiphabliki Karelian-Finnish ngaphakathi USSR kwakhona ehlaziyiweyo. Ngokutsho Ndiwise umthetho of the Supreme yiSoviet ye-USSR ukuba babuyela iwonga lokuzimela June 16, 1956 kwakhona yaba yinxalenye RSFSR, kodwa walahlekelwa isihloko elithi "Finnish".

Xa uhlelwe lo mbandela, kwabakho joke: "... kwiriphabliki wabhangiswa, ngenxa yokuba kufunyenwe eFinland ezimbini - fininspektora kunye Finkelstein."

Umfuziselo mmandla elizenzekelayo wokuzalwa yaba iflegi imo i RSFSR, leyo ubunzima Imibhalo ezongezelelweyo in Russian kunye Finnish.

Ngokunxulumene ukuguquka kwazo Lithuanian SSR kwi ukuzimela Agasti 20, 1956, kunye utshintsho olungephi waba ngokutsha owayesakuba Republic ingubo ingalo. Abanye abaphandi uthambekele ukukholelwa ukuba esi siganeko ugqibe bayahlelwa nsimu eminyaka ezayo. Karelian Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic yayikhona kuze 1991. Ngombandela, le ngingqi ibe geqe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ke ziziphumo RSFSR isizathu yokuba - iyunithi yolawulo-ndawo, isihloko eRashiya yanamhlanje, leyo ubume weRiphabliki, ebizwa Karelia. ikomkhulu lalo nangoku isixeko Petrozavodsk.