Izizathu yesicelo kunye neentlobo nezohlwayo

KweKhowudi kuLuntu iseka kwiSiqendu 330 ka ingqiqo isohlwayo, njengako leyo, ngaphantsi kwayo iqondwa ucacisa ngokungqongqo isixa umthetho (okanye imali uluhlu), nto leyo ihlawulwe yi onetyala ogwetyelweyo otyalwayo, xa kuthe komsebenzi emva kwexesha naziphi izibophelelo okanye engafanelekanga ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi , ezinikezelwa zabasebenzi okanye yoluntu isivumelwano -pravovym.

Ukungqinelana inkcazelo yengqiqo, ngumongo isohlwayo ezimiselwe ngumthetho ukuba isixa esithile semali ekufuneka ihlawulwe nokuba ubukhulu bomonakalo, yaye kwiimeko apho umonakalo ayisetyenziswanga kwaphela. Le imeko yokugqibela iza ku besaphula ngokwemigaqo ye inzaliseko nezibophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano yabasebenzi.

Esekwe inhlawulo mthetho kunye nezohlwayo na enye yeendlela ambalwa liability impahla lwabantu okanye imibutho for ephula nezibophelelo zezivumelwano. Ngaphandle kwezo mali, lo mthetho ikwacacisa iintlobo ezithile ze isohlwayo kunye imihlaba ezi zohlwayo ziyasetyenziswa. Umzekelo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uluhlu lwezi zinto onciphileyo kakhulu kunalowo esetyenziswa ekumiseleni izohlwayo ekwaziseni kwezobulungisa njengoko umphunga unokubonakalisa. I ilula, ekusebenziseni le isohlwayo inyani ubungqina bokuba izibophelelo zezivumelwano akukho yenzelwe kakuhle.

Ngenxa iintlobo zobutyala, apho isohlwayo kanga, umthetho ngokucalula nokwahlula iindidi izohlwayo ezi zizathu zilandelayo, ezo iikhrayitheriya injongo ezibonakalisa umahluko kwezi fom yommiselo.

Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke inkqubo kubunjwa ume ngaphandle isohlwayo zomthetho kunye yemvumelwano. Eyokuqala achazwa ngumthetho kwaye injongo, oko kukuthi, parameters yayo ayinakho ukutshintsha amacala. Ekwavunyelwana yasekwa kakuhle ngenxa isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela ku yingisela. Imithetho kusebenza kwiimeko apho isivumelwano akazange anikezele njengokuba uhlobo ugunyaziso ngokwaphula yayo. Le Ngaphandle kuphela kulo mthetho kukuba amaqela ngesivumelwano ukunika kule mvumelwano isixa kwezohlwayo engaphezulu oko imiselwe ngumthetho.

Zonke iintlobo penalty umlinganiselo ngokomthetho zobutyala yoluntu, ngenxa yokuba izinto zayo ziyafana ngokwenza iziseko ubutyala, ezo zithiwe thaca kwi-Code Civil. Kwimeko apho kukho isivumelwano okanye umthetho ethile ayenzi ayinazo na ebonisa ngqo izizathu kunye izizathu umtshutshisi angafaka isibheno enkundleni.

Njengoko izohlwayo, zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo penalty inokudityaniswa nezinye iintlobo uxanduva, ingakumbi nembuyiselo. Kulo mzekelo, umthetho ubonelela ukuhlelwa izohlwayo zizathu zilandelayo:

1. isigwebo Gradebook ubonelela ukuba umbolekisi ilungelo imfuno, ukongeza intlawulo ngqo izohlwayo kunye nomonakalo, ukuba ikhona, zifakelwe njengoko kuchaziwe ngumthetho, Njengokuba umthetho, umlinganiselo asetyenziswa kwiimeko apho isixa isohlwayo kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ilahleko ekungenwe kwaye ayiquki umonakalo.

2. Isohlwayo unika ilungelo lokufuna ngokupheleleyo imbuyiselo ngenxa umonakalo, hayi nje kuphela kwi-mali umahluko phakathi umonakalo kunye nesohlwayo, kodwa kude kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zohlwayo ziyasetyenziswa ukuba ukunyhashwa kakhulu ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

3. Kwimeko apho ilungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo yomonakalo umboleki uyala ukusebenzisa isohlwayo kuphela.

4 Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, esosigwebo enye ilungelo umboleki-mali uze ukhethe uhlobo isohlwayo izohlwayo-onyuliweyo okanye umonakalo.