KaLayishe waseGalim - metal, leyo linyibilike ezandleni

KaLayishe waseGalim - metal, leyo linyibilike esandleni. Le nto iye indawo yokunyibilika apho ^malunga 29,76 C. Xa zibekwe esandleni efudumeleyo, ngokuthe ngcembe iqala ukuba bayeke ukusuka okuqinileyo ukuya uhlobo engamanzi.

Imbali emfutshane

Yintoni na umnxeba sisinyithi linyibilike isesandleni sakho? Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kukho izinto ezinjalo waziwa phantsi inkcazelo kaLayishe waseGalim. ubukho bakhe senkolelo kwangaphambili emva ngowe-1870 isazinzulu Russian, nombhali etafileni imichiza - Dmitri Mendeleev. Isiseko ukuvela ingcamango enjalo ukufunda iimpawu zabo zesinyithi ezininzi. Ngelo xesha, nayiphi na enye ingcali yale babengayiqondi ukuba sisinyithi linyibilike ezandleni zenu, kukho ngokwenyani.

Kungenzeka synthesizing izinto fusible kakhulu, okubonakala kuqikelelwa Mendeleev wabonisa Isazinzulu French Emil Lekok de Boisbaudran. Ngowe-1875, waza waphumelela ukuzikhetha kaLayishe waseGalim evela zinc ekrwada. Ngexesha amalinge kunye sisazinzulu eziphathekayo sisinyithi linyibilike ezandleni zenu.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Emil Boisbaudran zafumana ubunzima obukhulu kunye kwakhululwa into entsha ye zinc ekrwada. Ebudeni amalinge yokuqala unako ukuvelisa nje 0.1 grams kaLayishe waseGalim. Noko ke, oko kwakwanele ukuqinisekisa impahla isimanga lo mbandela.

Apho kwenzeka khona kaLayishe waseGalim indalo

KaLayishe waseGalim libhekisela izinto akafunyanwa ngokohlobo nsimbi. Le nto ke udlulele kuyo kakhulu noqweqwe. Xa imvelo oko kwenzeka njengenxenye izimbiwa ezinqabe kakhulu ezifana kaLayishe waseGalim kunye zengeit. Ekuhloleni laboratory, umthamo omncinane kaLayishe waseGalim inokubuyiselwa ukusuka sisimbiwa zinc,-aluminiyam, germanium, intsimbi. Maxa wambi ifumaneka webauxite, iidiphozithi amalahle, ezinye zezimbiwa.

Indlela ukufumana kaLayishe waseGalim

Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi basoloko kuhlelwe sisinyithi linyibilike ezandleni zenu, izisombululo aluminium ziveliswa ngexesha nokusulungekiswa alumina. Ukususwa isambuku aluminiyam kunye nenkqubo kuphindwa xi metal, umxube kwealkali onomlinganiselo encinane kaLayishe waseGalim. Ezo zinto uyazimela isisombululo yi electrolysis.

Fields of application

namhlanje kaLayishe waseGalim akazange ukufumana isicelo kolu shishino. Sigxeka ukusetyenziswa kwezi-aluminiyam, nto leyo eye iimpawu ezifanayo njenge eqinileyo. Ngaphandle koku, kaLayishe waseGalim ikhangeleka izinto ethembisayo, njengokuba enzile i iipropati kakhulu semiconductor. metal ezinjalo engase kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto transistors, rectifiers aphezulu amandla, iiphaneli elanga. KaLayishe waseGalim nje sisombululo egqibeleleyo ekuveliseni Ipeyinti ezamehlo yezibuko, nto leyo eya kuba reflectivity kakhulu.

Xihinga engundoqo ukusetyenziswa kaLayishe waseGalim kumanqanaba industrial lixabiso eliphezulu kuyondelelaniswe lawo ores kunye neeminerali. Ixabiso ton yale metal kurhwebo lehlabathi ngaphezu $ 1.2 million nganye.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusetyenziswa kaLayishe waseGalim wafumana ngempumelelo kuphela endle yamayeza. Le metal ngohlobo ulwelo isetyenziselwa kucothisa kwamathambo abantu ezisokolayo izifo zomhlaza. Isetyenziswa ulawulo ngokukhawuleza ukopha phambi amanxeba anzulu kakhulu emzimbeni abachaphazelekayo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, imithambo occlusion kaLayishe waseGalim akuthethi ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe of egazi.

imifuniselo umdla kaLayishe waseGalim

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kaLayishe waseGalim - a sisinyithi linyibilike ezandleni zenu. Ekubeni iqondo lobushushu elifunekayo ukuze izinto utshintsho kwi imeko engamanzi, kancinci ngaphezu kwe-29 ^{° C,} kwanele ukuba ayibambe ngezandla zakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, ekuqaleni kwezinto eziqinileyo uqala ukunyibilika phambi kwamehlo ethu.

Lidla eksperimenti umdla inokwenziwa kunye kaLayishe waseGalim eqina. metal thaca kudla ukwandisa ngexesha Ukuqinisa. Ukuze enze amava umdla Kwanele ukubeka kaLayishe waseGalim ulwelo igutyana yeglasi. Okulandelayo, kufuneka uqale amandla okupholisa. Emva kwexesha elithile, oko kubonakala njani iqamza lisekwa ziikristale yesinyithi. Baya kuba umbala oluhlaza, ngokuchaseneyo umbala isilivere leyo uphawu material engamanzi. Ukuba awanqandi zokupholisa, kaLayishe waseGalim crystallizing ekugqibeleni ukwaphula igutyana yeglasi.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba yeyiphi metal inyibilikiswa esandleni sakhe. Namhlanje, kaLayishe waseGalim inokufumaneka ekuthengisweni ukuba baqhube imifuniselo zabo. Noko ke, qhagamshelana ne impahla kufuneka balumke kakhulu. kaLayishe waseGalim Solid lulwelo non-ityhefu. Noko ke, qhagamshelana elide kunye nezinto ngohlobo engamanzi Ngoko kukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwimpilo de ukubanjwa yokuphefumla, ukushwabana imilenze kunye nokungena kwabantu isiqaqa.