Umsebenzi osho. umsebenzi ulwazi yaye kulula ukuqikelela okuza

Science-based usukelo-sentlalo, ucwangciso kunye nokuphuculwa elandelayo kwezakhiwo zemfundo, ulawulo olululo lwe-nkqubo wemfundo okhoyo - imigaqo esisiseko imisebenzi yokuqonda kunye nendlela.

Igama elithi "umsebenzi", evela ulwimi lesiLatini liye iintsingiselo ezininzi: "Ukusetyenziswa", "egqibeleleyo". Science ungamandla zentlalo ngokuzinikela ekusombululeni iingxaki zehlabathi lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu. Kubomi mihla, indima isayensi wayemana enyusa, ukudala kwaye ukutshintsha ubume inkcubeko lokuqonda koluntu. imisebenzi Scientific, ubugcisa kunye nokuziqonda yemihla ngemihla - kuhlangene iintlobo umsebenzi cognitive ebembophile. Le mbono yesayensi kukho imisebenzi esisiseko, nganye ngokusondeleyo kwamanye: epistemological, ezenziwayo zokujonga phambili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iqondo kunye nohlobo ukwenza izinto zabo baxhomekeke iinjongo, iinjongo kunye neemeko apho bafunda.

imisebenzi Scientific

Ingxaki umsebenzi epistemological kuyehla ukuvezwa umxholo kwemithetho, iindidi, iinkqubo kudaleka ebalulekileyo. It ufunda uhlobo ngokubonakala kwezi nkqubo, ubukho ephikisanayo zangaphakathi, kwakunye neendlela ukuzoyisa ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili uluntu.

umsebenzi Epistemological okulungiselela isiseko wamohlwaya zenzululwazi. ulwazi Direct ukuhlola izibakala, ngokuqaphela kunye nokufunda iimpawu zokuziphatha zezifundo ezithile kwezi ziganeko, ngokusekelwe apho imithetho kunye neendidi bafunda.

osemqoka Practical ufaneleke isicelo wemithetho ezifunekayo ukuze ucombulule iingxaki uze uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo aphendula umdla nemibutho. Umzekelo, uqoqosho umsebenzi practical isekelwe phezu isifundo iintlobo ubengo kulawulo lwezoqoqosho, kwakunye nakwifom yesicelo amanyathelo ukwenza lula ukusonjululwa iingxaki zoqoqosho nokufezekiswa iziphumo olululo amaqumrhu imveliso kunye ukukhula ngokukhawuleza-ntle zoluntu.

ifilosofi

Iinkqubo ngezimanga, nokuba nokuphila, abantu kunye noluntu - umsebenzi kwangaphambili kwimeko kukho uqeqesho bulumko isekelwe phezu ekudalweni uqikelelo kwiifom nezalathiso uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kwixesha elizayo. isiseko senkolelo kuba kwenkqubo ekhoyo ulwazi leyinene.

Le data agcinwe ngenzululwazi, zizinto eziphambili ekumiseleni ekuphuhliseni abantu. Umsebenzi axelwe-bulumko kukuba ukufunda isenzeko zentlalo nenkcubeko benzululwazi, ulwazi yentsebenziswano phakathi endalo kunye noluntu. Umzekelo, ukufundisisa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa humanization kwi revolution zeteknoloji: imisebenzi injineli mihla dehumanizes ubuntu, bephethe nabo nje izibonelelo kunye nenkqubela; kodwa ke yintshabalalo zemvelo, oomatshini oluntu, ababonakele lomoya. Umsebenzi axelwe le mfundiso bulumko kusekelwe kwingqiqo esinengqiqo nemiqathango behlabathi, ukufunda imithetho yayo semvelo kunye regularities, uzama ukucacisa aqikelele uphuhliso lwabo.

pedagogy

Ekufundiseni, umsebenzi prognostic unalo umlinganiswa kulandelayo: based ukuqikelela iindlela ukuphuhlisa izinto zemfundo. uqeqesho Software, uphuhliso izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nonxibelelwano zibe sisiseko sokuphuhlisa eli sebe ngenzululwazi, njengokuba yekamva zokufundisa. I axelwe umsebenzi pedagogy abeke phambili iithiyori ezininzi malunga intshukumo yemfundo progressive. Umzekelo, oonyana izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuqeqeshwa noba kusekhaya okanye kumaziko ezizodwa.

Isiseko imisebenzi emfundo kuya kuba izibonelelo zonxibelelwano. Iziphumo zophando lwemfundo esigqitywe neengcamango, iinkqubo zemfundo kunye technologies. amanani uqikelelo kwinkalo yezemfundo zinikiwe uhlobo iingxelo, amanqaku, iincwadi, iincwadi kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho.

umnotho

Ithiyori kwezoqoqosho, umsebenzi umsebenzi nolwemozulu kuyehla ukuya kokubona iinkqubo zoqoqosho. Abo ekhuthaza utshintsho ezintle nezimbi kuzo nezalathisi zoqoqosho. iingxaki kwezoqoqosho, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, intswelangqesho, ingeniso ephantsi - nokuthintela iintlekele yemarike noqoqosho umsebenzi axelwe yolwazi kwezoqoqosho bayibeka emagxeni akhe.

State kunye nomthetho

Imfundiso karhulumente kunye nomthetho kunokwenzeka ngaphandle imisebenzi exelwe na. Ukwenza iingqikelelo kunye noqikelelo, yeengcinga, iindlela zokufunda nokuphuhlisa nesenzeko karhulumente ngokomthetho zibaluleke kakhulu nasekusungulweni amagunya. Umsebenzi axelwe lwelungelo kunye urhulumente isakhiwo yayo. Yinkqubo kokwakhiwa kunye nokulawula imo yobudlelwane bentlalo kwimeko zomthetho, kwakunye ekufundweni nesenzeko iimpawu kuye, ezama ukulungisa isimo kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nakuzwelonke, nokuphelisa ephikisanayo iifom yolawulo.

Ubume ubulungisa

Le ngongoma ayikho ngaphantsi kubalulekile ukuqonda kwalo mba. Oluluqikelelo umsebenzi umzekelo njengendlela lwemithetho yokuziphatha ezinqwenelekayo ekuhlaleni elilawulayo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, ngumthombo ezizinzululwazi komthetho. Kodwa nokuba isebenza ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo yobulungisa.

Zizo zonke iintlobano macala kunye nemisebenzi amacandelo afunekayo ukulungiselela uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza yobulungisa, ebizwa isakhiwo okusesikweni. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iinkalo ezimbini: a yenzululwazi (ideology) kwaye abaqhelekileyo (psychology) zobulungisa.

Phantsi inkqubo nkolo thaca kwi ekwimo ithiyori, kodwa kubonakala kuluntu ngezenzeko esemthethweni kubonisa ukungabi osemthethweni okanye yenzululwazi okusesikweni. Le element ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi amaqumrhu karhulumente obandakanyekayo ukusetyenziswa kwe-ekwenziweni komthetho kunye neengcamango nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

psychology Legal ukufunda zengqondo ezixhaphakileyo kumaqela zentlalo okanye umntu omnye ngasekunene kunye nomthetho, leyo ukusebenza eluntwini. Ngamanye amazwi, le element kwezitraksha lobulungisa njengoko bengqondo yomthetho, ngokuhlalutya sengqondo labantu ukuba umthetho okhoyo, kwakunye zokwamkelwa yokuphunyezwa kwemithetho emitsha, ukuhlanganiswa ngokusemthethweni izithethe ezithile zentlalo.