Kale: photo, igama, zokupheka

Kale, ikhaphetshu okanye kale - yinto iintlobo engaqhelekanga zekhaphetshu, nelawula ukunqanda ukuguqulwa yemfuza kunye wekhaya. Ngexesha Second World War eFransi, abantu yindlala kunye novithamini intswelo basindiswe artichoke. Ngelo xesha eNgilani, kufa yindlala yandinceda buzenzela kule klasi. Calais, kwakunye eYerusalem artichokes, wafumana itayitile 'zemifuno ilityalwe "iminyaka emininzi. Kule mihla, ebuyela etafileni wabulela yokudlela ethandwa, nto leyo ngenkuthalo wasebenzisa amagqabi nokulungiselela izitya zabo.

Igama kunye kuzalwa ndle

Igama Kale ezingaphezu kwesinye. Kodwa ibizwa ngokuba endleni (kugxininiswa lwegama yesibini), brunkol, kale, gryunkol. Kodwa enoba njani ngokuba imifuno, kukhangeleka ngathi efanayo kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amagqabi zakhe fringed kunokuba ithinti nemfusa eluhlaza, yaye musa awakhi intloko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwigama lesiLatini imveliso izandi Acephala okanye Brassica oleracea, gama elo elithetha "evakalala, zilaliswe." Le iintlobo has a phezulu, maxa wambi kufikelela imitha enye, yimpontshane, ukusuka apho macala onke lathamba ishiya diverge. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba gryunkol na uhlobo kakhulu zekhaphetshu zasendle.

Kale ilawula ukuba ikhule phantsi kweemeko zemozulu kakhulu kakhulu. Emva ukuhlupheka Iqabaka kulo ifunyenwe kuphela juicier mnandi ngakumbi. EYurophu, kale phambi kokuphela kumaXesha Aphakathi yaba imifuno eluhlaza ethandwa. Amazwe amaninzi abandakanyeke ukulima amagqabi, kodwa ekugqibeleni indawo emifuno ezinye izityalo. Xa wakhumbula uhlobo kwakhona ukuba ingqalelo nezingaqhelekanga, ingakumbi ezinezinga zethu.

Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, akukho State iqwalasela ngokwako gryunkolya ngowaphi. Ikhaphetshu efana kuwo onke amazwe, kodwa yonke esikholelwa amazwe kwezinye amagunya. BaseJamani ukubiza endleni nenkcubeko French eNgilani ngokubanzi babekholelwa ukuba ihlume bavela eSkotlani okanye eSiberia, kodwa Dutch kuyo - i "kwizifundo" isiJamani. Kwi-United Kingdom kunye endleni United States ivela phantsi igama kale Red Russian - kale Red Russian. Bathi ukuba eMelika ushiya ngeenqanawa eyayisiza nabarhwebi eRashiya, emva koko imveliso ngokuqinileyo kuhlala emiyezweni California. ubudlelwane urhwebo phakathi Arkhangelsk kunye London wakhuthaza ukufika yesibini endleni eNgilani.

Types Kale ikhaphetshu

Kale has iintlobo ezininzi:

1. kale Siberian - ezahlukeneyo iyamelana kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo.
2. Trostyanaya - ukuphakama kwalo unako ukufikelela phantse ezimbini neemitha. Olona phawu yale hlobo kukuba iye isiqu enkulu, nto leyo zingasetyenziswa njenge ngodondolo.
3. Russian Red - unawo iimpawu ezifanayo njengoko aseSiberia, kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba luphawulwa bubukho ngokubhijela ebomvu amagqabi ekhululekile.
4. ikhaphetshu olugobileyo lokuvala - iindidi lixhaphakileyo kale (kale). Ukusuka ezinye iintlobo ibonisa incasa ethambileyo namnandi. amagqabi Culture abunile nokubukeka olugobileyo.
5. Ikhaphetshu Redbor F1 abe lweschemes umbala omsobo obomvu okanye mnyama, ngoko olu hlobo wayedla zakubonelela izitya ezithile tone.
6. ikhaphetshu Tuscan - iyahluka Iphepha evuthelweyo ubhityile ukuba isakhiwo ukushwabana.
7. ikhaphetshu Prime - iqabaka-ekhula ezahlukeneyo.

Enoba isenokuba ezahlukeneyo kale (olugobileyo kale), ushiya bhetele ukutya ekrwada, ukubongeza salads kunye ikonofile entsha, iitumato kwakunye nebheyizile. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu abangabaxhamli culture ngcono kakhulu igcinwe.

Ukudalwa brunkol ikhaphetshu

Kale iqulethe izimbiwa ezininzi, folic acid, malunga nama-20% wemagniziyam, calcium, ubhedu kunye potassium. Kale, ifoto libe nokuthathelwa ingqalelo kweli nqaku, eli ahlanganiswe iivithamini A kunye C. zimalunga malunga nama-50%. Xa inani elincinci ephezulwana inkcubeko iqulethe neevithamini B1, B2, B6, no E.

Le mveliso, yaye vitamin K, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womntu. Provitamin A (beta-carotene) kwakhona yinxalenye esitulweni. Le mveliso iqulethe i-85% idosi yemihla ngemihla ye-kweziyobisi. Enye ezilikhulu grams zekhaphetshu kale iye 28 kcal.

Iipropati eziluncedo zekhaphetshu brunkol

Kale lineqela ezinye iimpawu ezintle, kwaye apho kukho imfuneko yokwenza oko ukukhula ngalo mfuno. Le mveliso kunceda ukuphelisa calcium intswelo. Enye gram labantu ikhaphetshu of malunga 1.35 milligrams wenkqu, kanti inani elifanayo ubisi ngayo milligrams 1.13 kuphela. Calcium kule zekhaphetshu zifunxwe ngumzimba izakhamzimba yi ngcono 25% ngaphezu calcium ngobisi. Kuba abantu abaphethwe ukunyamezelana ukuya obisi, ukuba ithe i uvimba esixabiseke ngecalcium.

Ngenxa isiqulatho nangakumbi ivithamin C, brunkol ingqalelo antioxidant ogqwesileyo imvelaphi yendalo. Low kale osidingayo inceda ukulwa wayedla ngokugqithisileyo. Nangona umxholo osidingayo engephi, imifuno enyakamisa ngokupheleleyo umzimba kunye uninzi izinto eziyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, inyama ziyarhoxiswa inkcubeko iqhayiya kwindawo menu yazo yokudla.

Kale kale igqalwa into nanto okuthintela umbono. Inkcubeko kuthiwa Mchako carotenoids, ngenxa yokuba omnye imveliso indebe iqulethe 200% yexabiso imihla vitamin A.

ukulungiselela kale

Brunkol wesithako engummangaliso izitya ezininzi. Olugobileyo kale (iiresiphi ngezantsi) ingaba isisahlulo isaladi okanye isuphu. Amagqabi abaselula Ukusuka nga kuphekwa yemifuno isaladi emnandi. Ukudala kuya kufuneka amagqabi ezisibhozo amancinci ikhaphetshu, ikhulu iigrem feta samasi, enye iglasi currants obomvu (gooseberry, raspberry, currant omnyama, yomdiliya okanye apile izilayi), a extra yamafutha omnquma intombi, ikomityi ikota quinoa, parsley, idile, itswele eliluhlaza ekhuhlangubeni .

Amagqabi wageza ezomisiweyo kale kufuneka isikwe imicu ezibhityileyo. Emva koko usike itswele kunye kwamabala, UMbhexeshi blender lwe berry. Berry okubizwa Umxube ngetyuwa, namafutha omnquma nepepile. Ngoku, xa kukho isitya ukudibanisa umgrayo, imifino, itswele kunye nekhaphetshu uze uxube isaladi berry sauce. dish Top Kucetyiswa ukuba bahombise izicwili sisi berry eseleyo.

Ukulungiselela isuphu kunye zekhaphetshu gryunkol kufuneka alungiselele:

• One anamanci ml cream.
• Enye indebe yenkukhu okanye yemifuno umhluzi.
• 400 g ye-ertyisi emkhenkceni.
• ipepile White, ityuwa.
• Enye Potato.
• 200 g endleni.
• Ezimbini "Parmesan" amacephe ya sisi.
• Elinye okanye amabini amasetyana of Mint.
• Ezintathu okanye ezine amasetyana of nebheyizile.

Iitapile azihlambulule ze uyinqunqe ibe izigaqa ezinkulu. Izikhongozeli ezibini kwethumba iitapile kunye nee-ertyisi. ukutya okuphekiweyo zihlangana amagqabi zinqunqwe zekhaphetshu ingumhluzi kwaye phehla lonke blender. Xa ezicujiweyo ukongeza amagqabi nebheyizile ezinqunqiweyo kunye zetyeleba parmesan, cream Uvuthise isikhongozeli encinci isuphu. Likuxhoxhela lonke ixesha, siya zilifudumeza esityeni imizuzu emibini. Pudding enikeziwe crackers.

amasiko kokutyala

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amasiko lwahluma ukusuka iimbewu Etyelwe ekhanyayo. imbewu Kale ukuba kufuneka zityalwe phakathi ku-Apreli okanye ekuqaleni kuka May, akubanyamezeli kakuhle esinye. Ngoko ke kakade indlela yabo ihlume zomhlaba ngcono ukuba angamchukumisi. Ubushushu for iqashiso imbewu kufuneka degrees 50. Ukuze kakuhle ngalinye kuyimfuneko ukwenza isuntswana wamatye evela uthuthu iinkuni.

Kakhulu ikhula ngokukhawuleza kale (kale). Imbewu isiqhuma ngeentsuku yesihlanu nangeyesixhenxe emva kokutyala. Ekhaya, inkcubeko lwahluma evela izityalo.

Amacebiso nzulu lwemifuno

Ukuthenga ikhaphetshu kale, ahlawule ingqalelo imeko amagqabi, kufuneka kube mnandi ngqongqo kwaye akukho amabala amnyama. Oyigcina efrijini kwibhegi yephepha iiveki ezimbini. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina gryunkol elide, ngoko oko efrijini kwisingxobo yeplastiki.

Phambi sipheka khaphetshu kubhetele ukuba iphume kwaye usisuse ngeziqu.

Izimo ukuba badle endleni

Ikhaphetshu lo mahluko iqulethe oxalates. Isixa mali ngokugqithisileyo nelo emzimbeni ikhokelela izifo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukususela ukusetyenziswa isitulo kufuneka zilahlwe abanika abanye a lwesinye inyongo okanye amatye kwizintso apho.