Umgaqo superposition kunye nemida yayo isicelo

Umgaqo superposition ungachazwa ukuba ifumaneka ezininzi iinkalo physics. Le ndawo esetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko. Le yenye imithetho eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni apho physics njenge inzululwazi. Nantso into ubonakala eenzululwazi abasebenzisa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba sicinga umgaqo superposition ngengqiqo jikelele kakhulu, ngokutsho kwakhe, isixa imikhosi yangaphandle osebenza kwisuntswana nto ndiyibhalayo amaxabiso ngamnye ngamnye kubo.

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo yomgama, ngamanye Iinkqubo ezinjalo oziphatha kungachazwa yi quadratic yomgama. Umzekelo imeko elula apho iliza yomgama Ukhuthaza kuyo nayiphi na imeko ethile, apho ke kwimeko yayo iya kugcinwa phantsi kweempembelelo yokuphazamiseka ezivela otshangatshangiswayo. Le propati bachazwa isixa ngqo imiphumo ngalinye leekhomponenti harmonic.

Fields of application

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umgaqo superposition kakhulu ebanzi umda. Kakhulu ngokucacileyo isiphumo yayo kunokubonwa electrodynamics. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba xa kuqwalaselwa umgaqo superposition, physics alizithathi postulate yayo ethile, ezizezi ngenxa thiyori electrodynamics.

Ngokomzekelo, xa electrostatics umgaqo esebenzayo isebenza ekufundeni asendle electrostatic. inkqubo simahla kwindawo ethile kudala ukungakhululeki, nto leyo iza kuqulatha wamcacisela lwamandla entsimini nganye intlawulo. Le mveliso isetyenziswa practice kuba ingasetyenziswa ukubala amandla okunokwenzeka ukuhlangana electrostatic. Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukubala amandla amandla kwentlawulo ngamnye.

Oku kuqinisekiswa yi-Maxwell quadratic, leyo lwento in vacuo. Kwakhona lulandelayo yokuba ukukhanya akukho saa, yaye ubonakalisa linearly, ngoko imiqadi ngamnye musa banxibelelane nabanye. Physics, le meko udla ngokubizwa ngokuba kumgaqo superposition in yokukhanya.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba classic umgaqo physics superposition lulandelayo ukusuka linearity le quadratic sesindululo kweenkqubo ngamnye yomgama, ngoko uqi kelelo. Oku kusekelwe olunzulu imigaqo onamandla, kodwa kufutshane kwenza na jikelele kwaye asisiseko.

Ingakumbi abanamandla intsimi omxhuzulane ichaza ezinye zibalo, non-linear, kunjalo lo mgaqo ayikwazi ukuba isetyenziswe kule meko. Kokukhulu intsimi magnetic kukuba nawo ngokwawo awukho phantsi kwalo mgaqo, njengoko kuxhomekeke yimpembelelo kwamasimi yangaphandle.

Noko ke, umgaqo we superposition imikhosi kubalulekile ukuba umyinge physics. Ukuba kwenye asisetyenziswa ezinye iimpazamo, ukuba kumgangatho quantum isebenza kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo. Nayiphi na inkqubo kwenani-ngoomatshini imelwe imisebenzi otshangatshangiswayo kunye njengezazisi indawo kumgama owazisayo, kwaye ukuba kuxhomekeke umsebenzi yomgama, ngoko isimo sayo buchazwa yi-siseko superposition, ie, It sakhiwa superposition karhulumente ngamnye kunye nomsebenzi otshangatshangiswayo.

Umda ngobulungisa eqhelekileyo. Ezi zibalo ze electrodynamics yamandulo ezi yomgama, kodwa asingomqathango esisiseko. Uninzi iingcamango ezingundoqo of physics isekelwe quadratic nonlinear. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuzo umgaqo superposition akuxhomekekanga eyenziwa apha ziquka jikelele ingcamango ka, chromodynamics quantum, kunye nethiyori Yang-Mills.

Kwezinye iindlela apho imigaqo linearity zisebenza kuphela ngenxenye, ukuze ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa umgaqo superposition, umzekelo, unxibelelwano omxhuzulane buthathaka. Ngaphezu koko, xa ucinga impefumlelwano athom kunye iimolekyuli njengoko hayi igcinwe umgaqo superposition, oku ucacisa iindidi zeepropati emzimbeni imichiza yezinto.