Konyaka ufunda kweBhabhiloni yamaPersi. Le abenzi bemilingo lo mzi unamandla

IBhabhiloni esinye sezixeko enkulu ehlabathini mandulo, yaye yaba liziko ngempucuko eMesopotamiya. Yaba amandla olawula uAleksandr Makedonsky. Ke kaloku amabhodlo elahlekileyo elide iBhabheli yayo ubukhulu - kule ntaba, ibekwe kufuphi Hillah, isixeko Iraq.

Imbali iBhabhiloni

IBhabhiloni kwaqhubeka malunga malunga ezimbini zeminyaka. imvelaphi yayo yayanyaniswa BC yesithathu A iminyaka eliwaka emva kokusekwa esixekweni yathatha ilifa Amori, abaqala bafumana indlu. Ebudeni bolawulo uHammurabi, iBhabhiloni yaba liziko bezopolotiko belizwe. Le meko, waqhubeka iminyaka omnye 1,000. City obumntwisiweyo "yokuhlala lobukumkani," yaye nkqu uthixo wakhe Marduk indawo nozuko oothixo labathengi lonke waseMesopotamiya. Ukususela BC nkulungwane yesibini kubekho ukunyuka oqaphelekayo - na uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye yobugcisa, abemi liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Yatyatyamba iintyantyambo, ukubonakala waseBhabhiloni - nakwizakhiwo ezakhiweyo, ukomelezwa updated kucaba ezitratweni.

Unyaka Ibanjiwe iBhabhiloni yamaPersi

Embindini BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6 Iba lixesha lokutshintsha ebalulekileyo. UKumkani uKoreshi II wakhokela umkhosi wakhe ukuya kuloo mzi basePersi ukoyisa iBhabhiloni. nempi yakhe elingana uAsiriya - bakhethwa up ngenxa yabatoli ezibalaseleyo kunye mahashe. Uncedo iYiputa iza ayifumanekanga, neBhabhiloni kwafuneka ukufumana angaboyisi zabo ugonyamelo kwaye uzimisele ngamandla.

Unyaka wokuthathwa waseBhabheli yi yamaPersi - 539 BC wawungqinga imikhosi kaKoreshi 'umzi. Abahlali, ababekhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele kwilizwe labo, akazange afune ukulwela eBhabheli. zabo yayicacile - ukuba kolawulo endala ewela, kunokwenzeka ukuba namaPersi kuthi kubo, yaye baya kuba nako ukubuyela kumakhaya abo. Ngenxa yoko, eqhuba inkqubo silwe ziboniswe sengqondo ngxwaba abahlali baloo mzi. Nokuba phakathi izikhulu eBhabhiloni intetho uKoreshi II ukuze abe ngukumkani ilungileyo. Ababingeleli bavula amasango umkhosi ngethemba lokufumana iwonga elikhulu ngakumbi ebantwini kunye norhulumente omtsha. Ngoko ke ubukumkani bamaPersi, isixeko ikomkhulu elitsha - eBhabheli.

Ukumkani wokugqibela waseBhabhiloni

kokoyiswa Persian waseBhabhiloni engamangaliswa ikomkhulu engalindelanga. Ngexesha kuhlaselwa, esi sixeko eninzi ukutya kwaye woyenza zokungqinga ixesha elide. UKumkani uBheleshatsare (kuphakamisa kakhulu amathandabuzo nobunyaniso igama lakhe phakathi mbali) amisiweyo, ukubonisa ukuba akoyiki kaKoreshi. Neetafile zazizaliswe neempahla ezinqwenelekayo, leyo wakhonza neekomityi ngenxa yokusela. Bathi okhethiweyo izizwe axhatshazwe. Bekukho phakathi kwabo, neempahla itempile yaseYerusalem. Abalawuli bamdumisa oothixo baseBhabhiloni abo bakholose nakwizibetho zabo, kuba babekholelwa ukuba ithamsanqa akayi kubashiya, kwaye ngeli xesha, nangona imigudu kaKoreshi kunye namaqabane akhe esixekweni.

Okumiselwe uBheleshatsare

Ngexesha elinye mibhiyozo, apho kukho iingangamsha ezininzi, nabakhulu, ngokutsho legend, emoyeni kwakukho elingangesandla somntu, waza waqalisa ukuya kancinane ukurhoxisa eli lizwi. Ukumkani Petrified kunye beqhiphuke umbilini phambi kwalo mfanekiso. zo zaqokelelwa, kodwa ulwimi wayengaziwa. Ngoko ke ukumkanikazi ukuba babize Daniel - kukho umprofeti omdala ngubani na isephantsi uNebhukadenetsare wayesaziwa ngokuba umphakathi oqiqileyo. Waziguqu- ibinzana kunye nesi. Ngokoqobo, oko kuthi, "Bala inani (isiphelo yobukumkani bakho), azilinganise kuphiwe namaPeshiya." Ngobo busuku, umlawuli wamaKhaledi ehlelwa ukufa.

Hayi, ukwenziwa kweBhabheli athathiweyo - version

imithombo eyahlukeneyo ichaza iinketho ezahlukene ze uloyiso. Unyaka namaPersi ukuthatha isixeko waseBhabhiloni ibamba ukungaqiniseki ezininzi. Ibali yeBhayibhile ithi (ngaphezu kucingelwa) ukuba emva kokuba singqingiwe njalo ke eyinkunzi sathathwa yi ukubetha (okanye sebenzisa cwaka). Ngokutsho oluguqulelo, uKumkani uBheleshatsare wabulawa ngethuba komdlalo notshaba ebusuku. Sabika elibalisa yecebo eboniswe nguKoreshi.

umlando lwezonyango isixelela umhlobo - umkhosi wasePersi oyisa amaBhabhiloni ngexesha edabini endle. Emva koko uKoreshi wangena ngokukhululekileyo kuwo umzi. Kodwa kweli bali kukho ukungacaci. Kananjalo oku kuqondwe ngale ndlela ilandelayo - isixeko zathatha iinyanga 4 ngoko namaPersi bangena kuyo.

urhulumente Cyrus

Unyaka wokuthathwa waseBhabheli yi yamaPersi wabonisa ukuba ukumkani omtsha waqalisa ukubuyisela umyalelo. Le mifanekiso zaye babuyela kuloo mzi oothixo, leyo athathwa ngexesha iibhodi odlulileyo. Yaqala ukubuyiselwa indlu eYerusalem yatshatyalaliswa uNebhukadenetsare. abathinjwa abangamaYuda bakwazi ukubuyela kwilizwe labo. UKoreshi uceba ukulwa neYiputa kunye nokomeleza imida nezinto zabo. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, iYerusalem yaba sisixeko self-lolawulo etempileni, kwakunye eBhabheli, Nippur, kunye nabanye. Abanye ixesha ukukhokela ukumkani omtsha lukaCambyses wamnceda - unyana wakhe. izihloko aseBhabhiloni royal kwathathwa nguKoreshi. Ngenxa yoko, uYesu wabonisa ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka-nkqubo lusekiwe. UKoreshi waba 'ukumkani eentlanga, nookumkani ", ukuba lukhulu malunga ngamandla kakhulu utsho.

Unyaka wokuthathwa waseBhabheli yi yamaPersi bazisa kakhulu utshintsho. Emva yoyiswa umzi, amazwe Koloni nomda eYiputa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuthobela umlawuli omtsha enamandla - uKoreshi.

Reunion isekwimo enye enkulu amaqela zorhwebo yingenelo kunye nabarhwebi, ebizimisele boyika ngaphambili ukuhlaselwa ezindleleni. Ngoku imarike ewonke umlamleli phakathi eMpuma naseNtshona sele ezandleni zabo. History of eBhabheli, utsho likomkhulu entsha kunye namagunya emikhulu amazwe enxulumene njenge "kwisithili eBhabhiloni."

City bya wabuya wadla ubomi, yaba liziko kwezopolitiko ebaluleke kakhulu ngurhulumente omtsha. UKoreshi Akacingi kuphela malunga nokwandiswa kummandla yobukumkani bakhe eYiputa, kodwa ngokusondeleyo ukuya imida amagunya alo bahlala engavumelekanga, umzekelo, kuba mbuya zamaSkitiya.