Iimpawu potassium. isakhiwo potassium. zithako potassium

Eli nqaku liza kunikwa inkcazo potassium ngokwemiqathango physics kunye chemistry. Eyokuqala kwezi inzululwazi ukufunda iimpawu mechanical izinto kunye nabangaphandle. A yesibini - intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo nabanye - le chemistry. Potassium - ngenxa element elinethoba kule lwezakhi. Lingcwaba lomfo iintsimbi kwealkali. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa ze-E-potassium ifomula, kunye nokuziphatha yayo kunye nezinye izinto, njalo njalo. D. Le yenye yezona iintsimbi kakhulu esebenzayo. Inzululwazi ojongene isifundo yalo kunye nezinye izinto - chemistry. Grade 8 ibandakanya ukufunda izinto ezingaphiliyo kunye neempawu zazo. Ngoko ke, eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo kubafundi. Ngoko ke masiqale.

iimpawu potassium ngokwembono zesayensi

Le into elula, leyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo na kurhulumente esiqinileyo. Lokunyibilika amathandathu degrees ezintathu Celsius. Ukupheka metal efanayo esebenzayo xa amaqondo obushushu kufika kumgomo asixhenxe anamanci mathandathu ananye Celsius. Lo mba ndaba umbala ubuhle-omhlophe. Kuye ukukhazimla ebuntsimbi. potassium konga asibhozo anesithandathu hundredths grams nganye sentimitha cc. Le metal okulula kakhulu. potassium ifomyula ilula kakhulu - oko aluyiyo iimolekyuli. Le nto ibandakanya athom leyo zicwangciswe kufuphi enye kwenye yaye crystal ngekroba. Ipotaziyam mass atomic elingana grams mathathu anesithoba adla nganye. ubulukhuni yayo liphantsi kakhulu - lula unqanyulwe ngemela, efana samasi.

Potassium nobume

Okokuqala, lo potassium - element yemichiza othe umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kwemichiza. Nkqu beka it ngaphandle akunakwenzeka, njengoko nangoko iqala azithethelele ezo izinto ezisingqongileyo. Potassium - element yemichiza fanele kwiqela lokuqala kunye nexesha yesine lwezakhi. Inazo zonke iipropati ezo uphawu zesinyithi.

Ukusebenzisana izinto ezilula

Ezi ziquka oksijini, initrogen, isalfure, phosphorus, halogens (iodine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine). Ukuze, cinga potassium intsebenziswano kunye ngamnye kubo. Ukudibana ne mpilo kuthiwa igcwala. Ngeli indlela iikhemikhali lufuna mpilo kunye potassium umlinganiselo izinyo lamalungu amane ukuya kwenye, ebangela ekubunjweni oxide metal kwi isixa iinxalenye ezimbini. Le yokusabela ukuba oluvakaliswe equation abasabela ilandelayo: 4k + O2 = 2K2O. Xa potassium yokutsha nga ligcine violet ilangatye eliqaqambileyo. Ngoko ke, le ndlela yokusabela ingqalelo umgangatho ophezulu ngokuzimisela potassium. Ukusabela kunye halogens ezibizwa ngokungqinelana yamagama eziqalelo kwemichiza: ibizwa iodine, fluorination, chlorination, bromination. Le ntsebenziswano ukuze kuchazwe Ukongeza reaction, ekubeni atom izinto ezimbini ezahlukileyo angena kwenye. Umzekelo yenkqubo efana zisabela phakathi chlorine nepotassium, ekhaliphileyo ngenxa chloride metal kwakhiwa. Ngenxa ukwenza oku yokusabela kufuneka athathe la macandelo mabini - abamenzelayo emibini yokuqala neyesibini omnye. Isiphumo abamenzelayo amabini potassium compound. Le basabela kubonakaliswa nxaki: 2K + = SІ2 2KSІ. Ekubeni initrojeni ukunika iikhompawundi potassium xa utshisa emoyeni evulekileyo. Ngeli yokusabela kuyidla isinyithi kunye initrogen umlinganiselo izinyo ngamacandelo omnye ukuya kwezintandathu, ngenxa yale yentsebenziswano, kukho potassium ephuculweyo xa isixa iinxalenye ezimbini. Oku kuboniswa i'quadratic kulandelayo: 6K + N2 = 2K3N. Le ephindeneyo crystal-green emnyama. Ingqalelo phosphorus wentsimbi yasabela ngokwimiselo efanayo. Xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezintathu potassium adla phosphorus adla nganye nganye ukufumana phosphide. Le yokusabela ngamachiza sibhalwe kwifomu lenxaki reaction: P = 3K + K3R. Ukongeza, potassium ekwaziyo zakudibana hydrogen, ngaloo ndlela bakha hydride. Xa enjalo inxaki zinakho inikwa njengemizekelo: 2K + H2 = 2 KN. Yonke indlela coupling kwenzeka kuphela xa kukho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ukusebenzisana izinto ezintsonkothileyo

Iimpawu potassium ngokwemiqathango neyezinto ibandakanya ingqalelo yesihloko. Ngokucela umngeni izinto ezinokuba kuphendula potassium ngamanzi, ii-asidi, iityuwa, oxides. Kunye nabo bonke ingqalelo intsimbi Lize ngokwahlukileyo.

Potassium namanzi

Le Ingxenye chemical Iba neziphumo eziyingozi kunye nayo. Oku kwenza hayidroksayidi kunye hydrogen. Xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezimbini potassium kunye namanzi, ngoko siya kufumana isixa efanayo potassium hayidroksayidi omnye nolovane hydrogen. Le yokusabela ngayo wenziwe oluvakaliswe equation kulandelayo: 2H2O = 2K + 2KOH = H2.

Ukusabela nee-asidi

Ekubeni potassium - an metal esebenzayo, oko ngokulula kuthatha indawo atom Iperoksayidi ivela ezintweni zabo. Umzekelo bekuya kuba indlela leyo ethatha indawo phakathi kweziyobisi phantsi ingqalelo kunye zehydrochloric acid. Kuba ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka athathe abamenzelayo ezimbini potassium, kwaye asidi inani elifanayo. Ngenxa yoko potassium chloride - abamenzelayo ezimbini yeehidrojeni - omnye Mol. Le nkqubo zingabhalwa equation ezinjalo: 2K + 2NSІ 2KSІ = + H2.

Kunye oxides potassium

Ukususela eli qela iikhompawundi zondle le iintsimbi kuphela basabela kunye ukufudumeza enkulu. Ukuba atom metal okumisele oxide Ukongeza zezenzi, esithetha ngayo kweli nqaku, kukho, eneneni, basabela exchange. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezimbini potassium adla of Cuprum oxide ngamnye ngenxa leendibano zabo eziqulunqwe omnye adla le oxide iikhemikhali element ingqalelo kwaye cuprum ecocekileyo. Oku kuboniswa ngohlobo nxaki: 2K + Čuo = K2O + Cu. Oku kulapho lo mboniso a nokunciphisa iipropati obuluqilima potassium.

Intsebenziswano kunye neziseko

Potassium iyakwazi zakudibana hydroxides yesinyithi, usebenziso, okanye ukuya ngasekunene kwayo kumsebenzi kuthotho electrochemical. Kule meko kwakhona sibonisa iimpawu zayo ekunciphiseni. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezimbini potassium adla of barium hayidroksayidi nganye, onesiphumo endaweni ukusabela ukufumana izinto ezifana potassium hayidroksayidi kwi isixa abamenzelayo amabini kunye barium ecocekileyo (adla) - oko ngokwemvula. Emelwe intsebenziswano ngamachiza ise nokuchongwa yi inxaki ilandelayo: 2K + Ba (OH) = 2 2KOH + Ba.

Ukusabela idibene neetyuwa

Kulo mzekelo, potassium, nangoku ibonisa iimpawu zayo njenge arhente onamandla ekunciphiseni. athom Lithatha ukuba iikhemikhali izinto zezenzi ngakumbi, kuba ivumela ukuba ufumane metal enyulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa idityaniswe aluminiyamu chloride xa isixa abamenzelayo ezimbini abamenzelayo amathathu potassium, ngenxa yale yokusabela ukufumana abamenzelayo ezintathu potassium chloride kunye abamenzelayo ezimbini aluminium. Leswaku va le nkqubo lenxaki ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 3K + + 2AІSІ3 = 3KSІ2 2AІ.

Ukusabela ne amafutha

Ukuba ngokudibanisa potassium na izinto somgquba qela, kananjalo asuse enye athom hydrogen. Umzekelo, esitiyeni intsimbi kunye nesifundo stearin potassium stearate kunye hydrogen kwakhiwa. Le zezinto ezithile eziziphumo yasetyenziselwa kwimveliso isepha engamanzi. Kule uphawu potassium kunye neminye kunye nezinye izinto finishes.

Ukusetyenziswa iikhompawundi potassium kunye

Njengazo zonke iintsimbi ingqalelo kweli phepha efunekayo iinkqubo ezininzi kolu shishino. Ukusetyenziswa ephambili potassium kwenzeka kushishino kwemichiza le. Ngenxa reactivity yalo phezulu, intsimbi kwealkali lubizwa iipropati reductive, lisetyenziswa njengendlela reagent ngenxa intsebenziswano ezininzi kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, umxholo aluminiyamu potassium zisetyenziswa coolants kwi zamandla zenyukliya. Kwakhona ngayo kweli nqaku, intsimbi ifumana isicelo yayo Electrical Engineering. Ukongeza konke oku kungentla, yenye yeendima eziphambili izichumisi izityalo. Ukongeza, iikhompawundi yayo esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo mveliso. Ngoko, kwi nezokukhupha potassium zegolide benqanda iyasetyenziswa, nto leyo esebenza njenge reagent kuba nokufunyanwa zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezivela ores. Ekwenziweni igilasi ezisetyenziselwa potassium carbonate. Phosphate ingqalelo imichiza amacandelo zonke iintlobo zee-arhente zokucoca kunye nemigubo. Kwimidlalo a khloreyithi otyhidiweyo owunikiweyo ekhoyo. Ekwenziweni bhanya ezisetyenziselwa endala camera bromide i element. Njengoko sele uyazi, kunokwenzeka ukuba yi bromination potassium kwiindawo lobushushu eliphezulu. Amayeza wasebenzisa chloride le element imichiza. Ukwenziwa isepha - stearate kunye nezinye nezakhi ezivela amafutha.

Ukulungiswa insimbi

Kule mihla potassium geni neelabhoratri ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Imvelaphi - awubuyisele evela sodium hayidroksayidi, nto leyo iikhemikhali esebenzayo ngaphezu potassium. A yesibini - kufumaneke kuyo chloride, kwakhona nge sodium. Ukuba kongezwa enye adla potassium hayidroksayidi njengoko sodium amiliswe kwenye adla sodium hayidroksayidi kunye potassium ecocekileyo. Inxaki bayavuma limi ngolu hlobo: Koh + Na = NaOH + C. Kuba abasabela ngayo uhlobo yesibini ukuba ugalelwe le chloride metal kesodiyam kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo izinyo ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yoko, loo izinto olusenyongweni njengoko ikhitshi netyuwa potassium inxalenye elinganayo. Ukuveza intsebenziswano yemichiza kunokwenzeka nge nxaki reaction: KSІ + Na = NaCl + K.

Ubume potassium

Atom element kwemichiza, kwakunye bonke abanye, iquka engundoqo equlethe protons kunye neutron kunye elektroni, leyo phendula ngeenxa zonke kuyo. Inani elektroni usoloko lilingane inani protons ukuba ngaphakathi ngumongo. Ukuba naliphi na electron okubi okanye onamathele kulo atom, ngoko liyayeka ukuba cala kwaye iguqulelwa ion. Ezo iindidi ezimbini: ukuse- kunye anions. Kuqala kufuneka isimangalo entle, kwaye eyesibini - akukho. Ukuba angenelelayo-atom electron, oko iguqulelwa anion, ukuba naziphi na elektroni ushiye orbit, i-atom cala uba zesiqinisekiso. Ekubeni potassium ngokokuma itheyibhile ngenani Mendeleev, elinethoba, kwaye protons kwi ngumongo element kwemichiza iyafana. Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba electron ehlabathini ngumongo othambekele elinethoba. Inani protons, atom equlethwe ukwakheka kumiselwa ngokuthabatha ukusuka kwi-atom enenombolo nobunzima ngokokuma le element imichiza. Ngoko sinokugqiba ukuba kukho amabini protons ngaphakathi kwinucleus potassium. Njengoko sibonile kweli nqaku, intsimbi iba nexesha yesine, kuye, ilawula ezine, apho elektroni, esoloko kwisenzeko zilungiswe ngokufanayo. scheme potassium na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: komzila wokuqala electron ezimbini, owesibini - anesibhozo; kwakunye wesithathu, ekugqibeleni, owesine, komzila iyajikeleza electron enye kuphela. Oku kuchaza kwinqanaba eliphezulu umsebenzi chemical ngentsimbi - orbit lokugqibela ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ngoko uzama ukuxhulumana naziphi na ezinye athom, ebangela electron zabo zisuke zibe eqhelekileyo.

ndokufunela phi lwesi sakhi kwindalo?

Ekubeni ine- umsebenzi kwemichiza phezulu kakhulu kwi planethi akazange efumaneka zikarhulumente olunyulu. It kungabonakala kuphela njengenxalenye ezahlukeneyo iikhompawundi. iqhekeza Mass of potassium qweqwe lomhlaba 2.4 ekhulwini. Eyona izimbiwa zixhaphakileyo, eziquka potassium, - oko Salvini kunye carnallite. I wokuqala ifomula yemichiza ilandelayo: NaCl • KCl. Kuye imibala zinaso kwaye sakhiwa nobuninzi ziikristale eyahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka umlinganiselo potassium chloride kesodiyam, kwakunye ubukho ubumdaka, isenokuba pink amacandelo ezibomvu, bhlowu,,-orenji. Wokumbiwa yesibini - carnallite - ikhangeleka ngathi transparent, lisuke labuna oluhlaza, lisuke labuna pink okanye ziikristale lipholi-yellow. ifomula yayo chemical ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: KCl • MgCl2 • 6H2O. It is a ukuphilisa crystalline.

Indima potassium emzimbeni, ukungabikho kweempawu nokunyoluka

Yena, kunye sodium sixhasa intsalela ngamanzi-ityiwa iiseli. Kwakhona inxaxheba ukudluliselwa luvo ngokwentshukumisa phakathi inwebu. Ukongeza, uMthetho intsalela asidi-alkali ze esiseleni kwaye yonke nenyama xa iyonke. It inxaxheba kule ukutya, kuthintela isenzeko nokudumba, yinxalenye kukho icytoplasm - ezingamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini yayo - Niyityuwa sentsimbi. The main ezibonisa ukuba umzimba uswele potassium na ukudumba, ukwenzeka kwezifo ezifana hydrocephalus, ucaphuka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo luvo, inhibition reaction kunye nememori sokunciphisa. Ukongezelela, imali elingonelanga i element mkhondo kuchaphazela iinkqubo sentliziyo kwemisipha. Ipotaziyam okubangelwa ixesha elide kakhulu kwexesha kunokubangela isifo sentliziyo okanye istroke. Kodwa ngenxa agqithisile potassium emzimbeni lisenokuba izilonda emathunjini. Ukulungelelanisa amandla alo ukuze afumane imali eqhelekileyo potassium, kuyimfuneko ukwazi oko iimveliso iqulethe.

Ukutya ezinomthamo eliphezulu sakhi ethathelwa ingqalelo

Okokuqala, nto amandongomane, ezifana cashews, walnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, iiamangile. Kwakhona, isixa esikhulu ukho iitapile. Ngaphezu koko, potassium equlethwe iziqhamo ezomisiweyo ezifana zeerasintyisi, nezo ziqwayitiweyo, uyawathena. Zizityebi le ngxenye, kunye namandongomane pine. Kwakhona, kungomlinganiselo aphezulu aba nee- mbotyi: iimbotyi, iertyisi, neelentile. Laminaria ityebileyo imichiza element data. Kanti nezinye iimveliso eziqulathe isiqalelo esebenzayo ngesixa esikhulu, kuba iti eluhlaza kunye koko. Ngaphezu koko, enamandla eliphezulu kwaye ungeniselo ezininzi ezifana iiavokhado, iibhanana, yeepesika, orenji, grapefruits, ama-apile. okuziinkozo abaninzi esisityebi sakhi ethathelwa ingqalelo. Oku ikakhulu nerhasi nengqolowa kunye buckwheat. Xa parsley kunye brussel sprouts nabo eninzi potassium. Ukongeza, ukuba ifumaneka iminqathe ze melon. Itswele kunye nekonofile babe inani elikhulu umchiza element ingqalelo. Amaqanda, ubisi kunye netshizi nazo ebonakala ezinomthamo eliphezulu potassium. kwiingxowa imihla i element kwemichiza ukuya lomntu ukusuka grams emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu.

isiphelo

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba potassium kubaluleke kakhulu kwemichiza element. Kuyimfuneko ukuba nokulungelelanisa khompawundi ezininzi kushishino kwemichiza le. Kwakhona ezisetyenziswa nakwamanye amashishini. Kwakhona kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba umzimba womntu, ngoko kufuneka rhoqo kwaye isixa esifunekayo yakwenza nokutya.