Kukweliphi ilizwe yeyona TNCs inkulu?

Trade yavela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngophuhliso uluntu phantse nto itshintshiwe, ngaphandle, Kakade ke, yempahla kunye neenkonzo emarikeni. Ukuba imveliso phambilini ngokusekelwe kummandla othile, ngoku ukuthenga umhlaba kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokwakha mveliso yabo - kakhulu buyinto eqhelekileyo. Oku inxaxheba (kwaye esebenzayo kakhulu), hayi kuphela amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa ke Russian Federation. Eneneni, malunga ilizwe apho TNCs inkulu, kuya kuxoxwa.

Yintoni na inkampani beentlanga?

TNK ekuqaleni yinkampani kunye ofisi imveliso kumazwe aliqela. Indima iinkampani ezifana kwinkqubo jikelele, Kakade ke, enkulu. TNCs zingasebenza kuphela inkampani, kodwa kwakhona isiwe ezonxibelelwano, inshorensi kunye nokuhlola. Ukongeza, apha ziquka iibhanki ngamazwe kunye nengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi.

Nebhajethi, ukuba ezinye TNCs ezinkulu, imikhulu kangaka nje ukuba ngaphezu imeko yemali kwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, inzuzo yonyaka umnatha Jikelele Electric Corporation kancinci ngaphezu $ 13 billion, nto leyo liphantse amaxesha 34 ngaphezu mali ka Andorra yonyaka inabemi 85,4 amawaka abantu, okanye ngaphantsi kancinci eyenzwa Iceland-2015. Kwakhona, iinkampani zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinzululwazi, isabelo TNCs akhawunti kuba malunga nama-80% yabo imisebenzi yophando kunye nophuhliso mali unikezelo malunga nenani elilinganayo patents ezibhalisiweyo.

Zamazwe: kungani Ukusebenzisana?

Ukuvela nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe kwindawo yokuqala, yakhelwe ithuba lokufumana inzuzo. Oku kuchaza indalo yemveliso ngamazwe. Ngenxa yobukho izityalo industrial kummandla kwelinye ilizwe, ungagcina kakhulu:

• ngokubaluleka kwemithombo yendalo (ukuba ilizwe elo engumnini corporation beentlanga lukhuselekile uhlobo ngokwaneleyo ezithile izinto, ukwakhiwa kolwakhe na ukusombulula le ngxaki kwintsimi somnye);
• (Imveliso ngenxa umahluko ngokwemigqaliselo zoqoqosho ngamanye amaxesha zitshiphu welothe, njengoko kunjalo "ekhaya") kwindawo irhafu;
• kwimivuzo yabasebenzi '(ukuba, umzekelo, amaJamani naseMelika siyawubulela umsebenzi wabo kakhulu phezulu, inzalelwane efanayo Mexico uyavuma ukuba ukusebenzela imali encinci).

Izizathu iinkampani ngamazwe ngokugqithiseleyo. Kuyinto kule migaqo ukubamba TNCs inkulu.

Types of nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe

Kukho iindidi ezintathu TNCs: International, inkampani jikelele.

Uhlobo lokuqala corporation kudala amasebe awo kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ezi zinto noshowo bahlukane. Oko kukuthi, ukuba imveliso zabo kunye nophando nophuhliso. Noko ke, eyona nto ingundoqo nkampani umzali isebenzisa.

Uhlobo lwesibini lisebenza ikhonkco phakathi iinkampani ehlabathini jikelele. Enyanisweni, lo mbono ikakhulu ucacisa into TNCs. inkampani nganye ngaphakathi MNC, ozimeleyo ekuqhubeni nayiphi na imisebenzi.

Uhlobo lwesithathu uchazwa Lubalasele TNCs inkulu. Abo bafuna yale ngobuwena, close corporation okanye lunikeza indlela uyilo enziwe ngumenzi imveliso, kunye namanye amazwe, okanye ukuvelisa iziqalelo imveliso, kwaye ibandla sele ababenza ezinye izityalo. Ukususela kwi-80, lo ntlobo liyakhula. Le TNCs inkulu balandele umyalelo onikiweyo.

mechanism control TNK

Ulawulo corporate ezona iintsingiselo ezimbini eziphikisanayo ngobuwena: i yinye kunye olubandakanya noomaspala.

I ukhetho lokuqala banqwenela TNCs ekudaleni owawunenjongo enye. Kufuneka ube kwilizwe fanele Corporation. Abanye isebe ukuqhuba imisebenzi yabo kuphela ngemvume inkampani engumzali i.

Le khetho yesibini likuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo. amaziko yolawulo esekwe kwisebe ngalinye. Amagatya, njengokuba umthetho, ngokwaneleyo ezizimeleyo namanye amasebe zeli qumrhu.

Imithombo imisebenzi eyiyo nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe

iimpawu lokuthelekisa TNCs inkulu, iingenelo leyo bokuba, uthi oku kulandelayo: ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo kwamanye amazwe, kunye izakhono zayo zemali, likuvumela ukuba kwandiswe, ukufaka okanye ukugcina emarikeni. Ukongeza, umsebenzi olusebenzayo ngenxa kufuphi abathengi basemzini. Ulwazi yokuqhuba uvavanyo zophando, kwaye iziphumo zabo lulunge kakhulu kuphuhliso nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe.

Ukongeza kwezi migaqo lweempawu lokuthelekisa TNCs ezinkulu yenza kucace ukuba imisebenzi kumazwe amaninzi ngexesha elinye ukunceda ukwandisa ukhuphiswano kwanokuphucula ubudlelwane namazwe neqabane.

Manani kwi asethi angaphandle

Imimandla ezingundoqo umsebenzi yobumbano yangoku - oko elektroniki, izithuthi, imigodi kunye nokulungiswa ioli. Le TNCs inkulu ngokufuthi utyalo-asethi ezingezo-core ngenjongo uzinzo kwimarike yehlabathi. Kwindawo yokuqala ngokwemiqathango asethi angaphandle kwarhoxiswa ezilandelayo neenkampani:

• "Electric General". Ilizwe - eUnited States, uhlobo lomsebenzi - elektroniki. Umlinganiselo asethi amazwe yi-30%.
• "Royal Dutch Shell". Country - Netherlands - United Kingdom, nomsebenzi - ishishini oyile. Isabelo-asethi amazwe - 66%.
• "Ford." Ilizwe - eUnited States, uhlobo lomsebenzi - Automotive. Isabelo-asethi amazwe - 30%.

Ukongeza kwiinkampani eziseluhlwini kusekho sahlutha TNK, usebenzisa indlela yophuhliso ukufikelela kuzinzo.

uluhlu iinkampani

Kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuba impumelelo yenkampani kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe lixabiso yentengiso baqonda kummandla kwamanye amazwe. Le TNCs inkulu, uluhlu leyo ichazwe ngezantsi iye zihlalutywe ngulo mgaqo. Kwakhona, ukongeza uhlobo lomsebenzi kwilizwe umnini, izinto ezibandakanywe ingeniso kunye neenkampani:

1. WalMart (impahla, US) - 482,130.
2. State Grid Corporation of China (umbane, China) - 329,601.
3. China National Petroleum (oyile negesi candelo, China) - 299,271.
4. Sinopec Groupe (kushishino petrochemical, China) - 294,344.
5. Royal Dutch Shell (oyile negesi kwicandelo, Netherlands - United Kingdom) - 272,156.

Aba bonke TNCs. Ke ka-2016, ezi nkampani babumba phezulu ezintlanu.

TNK e Russia

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX Russia wazama ukuzibandakanya kwiintshukumo nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe ehlabathini. Kodwa deceleration rhoqo ngenxa ukuvukelwa iinguqu zezopolitiko awavumelekanga ukuba ukuqhuba le nkqubo ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kube namhlanje kwilizwe elilawulwa iinkonzo kunye neemveliso yeenkampani zamanye amazwe. Kuphela kakhulu kutshanje, eRashiya wayenza indalo zabo amaqela zemali-mveliso (makhiwane), nto leyo efana kakhulu kwi TNC.

iimpawu lokuthelekisa TNCs zehlabathi inkulu kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX zazaliswa ummeli Russian, ezizezi 1996 rating epapashwe Times Financial, wanikela inkampani "Gazprom".

Okwangoku, uphuhliso bemibutho Russian elicothayo kwamanye amazwe. Kuba promotion ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwimarike yehlabathi laseRashiya kumele ibumbane iinzame zokuphucula amaqela zabo zemali kwaye mveliso, kunye namazwe lobuhlobo.