Yintoni fuselage-moya lowo? A isixhobo wesiphaluka, isakhiwo

Le fuselage ye-moya abakhweli inxibelelanisa amaphiko, umsila kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwisisu semoto. Kujongwe ukuba izixhobo, yalila kunye umthwalo. Plane ngaphandle fuselage ebizwa iphiko eziphaphazelayo. Xa gumbi yayo anquma kukuba yonke into emzimbeni isithuthi eqhelekileyo. Khawuve iinkcukacha ngakumbi oko fuselage-moya lowo. Iifoto eli candelo iya kuqhutywa kwinqaku.

iimfuneko jikelele

Ucacisa amagama amabini, yintoni na fuselage moya, sinokuthi le lwekhabhinethi. Kuba eli candelo-moya ukuya kudibana uthotho mfuno:

1. eyiyo yokusetyenziswa umthamo lwangaphakathi.
2. side Minimum.
3. Ukuqinisekisa ngokutsha olwaneleyo moya yokuhlala crew le.
4. Ethembekileyo Teplozvukoizolyatsiya kunye yobunzima.
5. Lula ukothula / iyalayisha.
6. ezingenisa umoya, ukukhanyisa, ukufudumeza.

uhlobo lwangaphandle

Aircraft fuselage umzimba geometry axisymmetric babonelelwa ogudileyo tapering ukuya kwindawo yokuqala kunye namalungu aft. Ngefomu, ukuba indawo umphezulu esezantsi isayizi elinikiweyo. Ngako oko, ubunzima yehlise nesingxobo, umlo kunciphisa. ubunzima Low unika izinto ezithile xa baboniswa kuxinzelelo kwemfuneko elorini etywiniweyo. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela, le fomu efanelekileyo linokunyhashwa. Behanahanisa bayihlambela imisele, ingakumbi, izinto ezifana we fuselage moya njengoko izibane cabin, yerada eriyali. Oku kukhokelela ekukhuleni ukumelana kunye nobunzima kakhulu. Nomphumela ofanayo kwenzeka ngexesha kokurhoxa ongeyonxalenye aqukuqela kwicandelo ngumsila wena. Kulo mzekelo, i-engile tilting inikwa ngokwandisa okanye kuphungulwe le kwiziphambuka kunye umthwalo aqandusele.

imithwalo

Echaza oko fuselage (umfanekiso thaca kweli nqaku, ibonisa iimpawu zayo), kufuneka athi malunga neziphumo ukuba nazo. Ngexesha indiza zibhabha kuba eli candelo zezi:

1. Nemikhosi sivela kumacandelo enxibeleleneyo. Ezi ingakumbi ziquka kwamaphiko, izixhobo kokwehla, feathering, powerplant njalo njalo.
2. izixhobo iziphumo inertial Mass, iiyunithi impahla abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo.
3. imikhosi ashukimisayo, leyo zisasazwe komhlaba.
4. imiphumela Inertial of ubunzima bayo. Lona ngokwalo isakhiwo moya fuselage.
5. Nemikhosi xi ngokugqithisileyo kwi lamagumbi kwezixhobo, indlu xinzelelo.

Yonke imithwalo ibonisa nelungeleleneyo ngokupheleleyo. Nicinga ukuba onjalo fuselage phakathi ukukhanda zezakhiwo, ungahambisa kuyo ngokohlobo girder ibhokisi. Xa naliphi na icandelo kuchaphazela amandla tye kunye nkqo, torque. Lamagumbi ndinyanzelwe wongezelela kubo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngokugqithiseleyo.

module nengqiqo

Le lusebenze ithathwa ukuba icebo moya fuselage loo apho aya kuba nako ukuthatha yonke imithwalo eboniswe ngasentla deadweight ephantsi ngokwaneleyo. shell Thin-enqatyisiweyo kule meko zigxunyekwe isakhiwo isakhelo. nengqiqo Full enikiweyo usebenzisa nesingxobo. Kwindawo apho fuselage-moya, kukho imikhosi zasekuhlaleni ashukimisayo, yangaphakathi overpressure, ukusebenza iyonke. A Iqokobhe zibhityile-enqatyisiweyo, ukuxhasa isakhelo ngaphakathi kakhulu ezanelisa iimfuno layout lula ibonelela inkqubo elula, ukusebenza. Loo isixhobo ibizwa ngokuba fuselage kube ziboniswa. Ngaphambili kusetyenziswa iiyunithi truss. Bona ngocoselelo abalahlekelwe wayevuya xa umzimba wakhe. Yintoni fuselage-moya kaThixo truss-hlobo? Sheathing kule meko ke yakhutshwa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza. Ithatha kuphela imithwalo ashukimisayo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba sithethe ngento na fuselage moya kulo mzekelo, oko kuchazwa ngokuthi mnqongo ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima iyonke loo yunithi. Space truss nzima kakhulu ubeko lwe umthwalo. Ezingeloncedo lo mnqongo neziphumo isibakala ukuba asetyenziswe moya mihla. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela nesezantsi isantya kwezixhobo ukukhanya-moya ezincinane.

ngezigaba

Kukho iindidi ezintathu moya fuselage:

1. Khazi.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Le yokugqibela ezimbini kwahluka enye kwenye imilo kunye square icandelo cross. Longitudinal obekwe kule ndawo apho fuselage-moya siquka stringers kunye longerons. umnqongo Encasing kwicandelo emnqamlezweni kubandakanya izakhelo. Bunika imilo preservation kwangaphambili ngexesha deformations Shell kwaye idlulisele imithwalo bagxila yaza yasasazwa. Kule ndawo apho moya fuselage, kukho iindawo apho inokuba xi omkhulu onamandla. Ukuthintela deformation kwezi meko isetelwe izakhelo lwesamente. Iminqongo msebe impembelelo naliphi na icala wabonakala egubungele ngokupheleleyo. Kuyo kukho ilayini ezibambanayo kodwa azikweli flow kwamandla. usasazo ixhomekeke kwicala impembelelo lwangaphandle kunye nemilo cross-wecandelo lo mnqongo. Sheathing ngokupheleleyo yamkela torque. Kulo mzekelo, ukuhamba tangential isasazwa ngokulinganayo phezu kwebala. Iqokobhe ngoko, liye nentaba odnozamknuty kwicandelo emnqamlezweni. Kwiindawo apho kukho cutouts kwi iqokobhe, efakiweyo amandla ukukhala. Zinika kwezi nkalo ukutshintshwa yonke imizamo.

Stringers kunye longerons

Icandelo longitudinal le fuselage moya jikelele phezu ubude bayo yonke. Kunye bamhlophe bathatha umgudu emhlambini yesiqhelo. Ukuvelisa stringers kunye spars eziqhelekileyo wenziwe, njengoko umthetho, ukususela profiles kruthu okanye extruded nge eyahlukileyo cross-candelo. izinto Longitudinal ube ukuqina enkulu. Xa imithwalo eliphezulu, kwezinye iimeko, ingafakwa spars ahlanganisiweyo. Ziquka amacandelo eliqela enxulumene omnye komnye. Xa nokumamela amanxeba imiqadi ezinkulu ezisetyenziswayo - izinto longitudinal le bhokisi-candelo. Yakhiwa amacandelo extruded, leyo ukunxibelelana nabanye kunye neendonga nesingxobo.

bend

Bangakwazi kuqiniswe okanye eqhelekileyo. Kutshanje ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko semilo cross-wecandelo lo mnqongo. Heavy-umsebenzi izakhelo zisetyenziswa iindawo zoqhaphelo olukhulu uxinezeleko emzimbeni. Bathi ke iindawo, iiyunithi amalunga, impahla ukulungisa, izixhobo enkulu, iinjini njalo njalo. Gain kwakhona zokubekwa Imida ye Ekungeneni ezinkulu lwekhabhinethi. izakhelo eqhelekileyo abe, njengoko umthetho, isakhiwo isakhelo. Yakhiwa iphepha extruded okanye bhetyebhetye. izinto Okuye kwabethelelwa asebenza ngendlela benqwanqwa channel yentsimbi ezivaliweyo okanye I-candelo. flow Tangential lisebenza yokusabela inkxaso. Isakhelo isasaze impembelelo lwangaphandle phezu kwebala. Okwa uthatha phezu begoba. Sichaza icandelo layo umnqamlezo. Uyilo benqwanqwa loo monolithic okanye iqela. Kwimimandla ufakelo izahlulelo ngakumbi bulkhead eludongeni ukuba athungwe ngokupheleleyo up. Oku kuxhaswa iiprofayili tye kunye nkqo. Sheathing yesakhelo naye abe iqokobhe ukulenza. Enanikade zicwangciswe izinto wezifundo radially.

sheathing

Yenziwe oxwebhu ngentsimbi. Bona kwakheka kwi profile komhlaba izindlu kunye kuqiniswe. Amalungu semaphepheni ezinqamlezayo kunye iindawo longitudinal lo mnqongo. Kuba encasing izidumbu kusetyenziswa iiphaneli ubambo monolithic. Kutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi izixhobo ezijongeneyo.

izakhi ezimbaxa

Sheathing uyakwazi iqhotyoshelwe izakhelo okanye stringers okanye zombini ezo, kunye nabanye. A ngobuwena lokuqala isetyenziswa kwiimodyuli nesigqubuthelo. Xa ukubanjwa kuphela stringers kusetyenziswa riveted ezivuzayo longitudinal. I-cross-uqhagamshelo ndlela ndingekho. Oku kuphucula iimpawu ashukimisayo lo mnqongo. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, imithwalo ezincinane lining ulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwalo. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ubunzima kuyilo. Ukuthintela oku, iqokobhe unxulunyaniswa uthimbo isakhelo compensator - attachment ngakumbi.

amalungu omzimba

Xa girder scheme fuselage Spar iyenziwa ngokusebenzisa iindawo, okanye kuphela kwi iinxalenye longitudinal. Ezi amalungu kuthiwa ingongoma. Kuchaziwe compound kusetyenziswa fuselages girder stringer. Amalungu kufuneka kujikelezo yesakhelo kunye ozikhethelayo ulusu esibophelelayo zisenze stringers. Imixube ezinjalo fuselages zona ngokubanzi kwenziwa kuzo flanges. Loo isiphambuka inika uqhagamshelwano amandla amalungu aya ukuxhumana.

units Ayanda

iindawo Udibaniso ebekwe kwi izakhelo lwesamente. Ukuba enze umsebenzi we-hard disk. Ngenxa bona unikezelo nendawo imithwalo longitudinal wenziwe. iindawo lempundu kufuneka mabanganxibelelani spars ngamandla. Ukunciphisa ubunzima isakhiwo fuselage efanelekileyo kukunciphisa isixa lezakhelo lwesamente. On element nganye enjalo ibekwe eziliqela amanqaku iindibano attachment.

amaphiko

Njengokuba inkalo ethile bokulungisa la malungu ukhonza wokulungelelanisa zihlandlo ukugoba kwi odibeneyo iiphaneli etikweni. Siyakuqwalaselwa liGqiza balancing ubengo izinto ngasekunene nangasekhohlo kwi ziko, acandacanda fuselage. Kuba uhlobo imodyuli Spar ngokwaneleyo ukuphoswa amalungu longitudinal - kubo iya kuba silinganisa esibayeni. To connect-sifuba enye ibhokisi iphiko ngokusebenzisa izindlu kufuneka kudlule zonke panel yamandla. Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile yokupasa ngokusebenzisa izinto fuselage ayikwazi ukusebenza, ezi zihlandlo eguqa ngasekunene nangasekhohlo kufuneka ivalwe kwi amanqwanqwa umthwalo-langa. Le isisombululo, kunjalo, linokusetyenziswa ukuya Spar iphiko, njengoko inani iinxalenye kubo incinci. Monoblock kunye namacandelo coffered ifuna inani elikhulu lezakhelo lwesamente. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba icule uyilo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo Spar.

Kiel

entabeni lakhe ifuna ukutshintshwa mandatory lo mzuzu ukugoba phezu fuselage. Ukulungiselela le njongo lungu ngalinye zikhangeleke longitudinal liqhagamshelene attachment isakhelo amandla. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisa i lwemasti Spar uhlobo lencwadi points ezimbini. Zinelungelo ukuphakama yesakhelo. Arrow-ezimile ilungu longitudinal na ikhefu kummandla kwisiphambuka kunye naye. Kufuneka ufakelo olusisinyanzelo unyanzeliso olongezelelweyo. It ingasuswa kwimeko ukuba isakhelo ziza kubekwa obliquely ukuya ezimanyeneyo fuselage ukuba ndiza nokuqhubekeka udonga isicocisi. Kodwa ekufezekisweni olu khetho ziya kukhatshwa neengxaki ezithile.

cutouts

Inxalenye ngundoqo fuselage moya iquka imigodi iifestile, iingcango, izivingco, izibane, imithombo ivili. Zonke ezi ntlanga iyangqubana ukuvalwa yesikhumba nentaba. Ngako oko, le uzinzo lifinyele ngokubonakalayo kunye namandla isidumbu. Ukuze ukubuyisela ilahleko ecaleni iikhonto ze Ekungeneni lidlule isakhelo Umqukumbelo engqongqo. Kunye nemilinganiselo ezincinane cutouts ukuba isakhiwo monolithic. Yenziwe ukusuka kuxwebhu eyenziwe ukutshayela okanye ngenye indlela. imingxunya Okantovyvayut enkulu kwi eziphelweni lezakhelo lwesamente. Longitudinally imvelaphi inyuselwa khona imiqadi. Ngelo xesha linye musa ukuza kufikelela esiphelweni phakathi elitywinwe nangaphaya izakhelo lwesamente. Oku kukuqinisekisa tab engqongqo iinxalenye longitudinal. gear kokwehla zigxunyekwe iimbambo ngakumbi kwaye spars kwi inxalenye esezantsi lomzimba.

indlu enoxinzelelo

Xa endiza ngokugabadelayo apho uxinzelelo kakhulu luhlala. Ukuqinisekisa ubunzima ubuncinane sihlale moya zisebenza kubo ngohlobo kwisigaba okanye isilinda kunye ezinzulwini ukulenza. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukomeleza isakhelo, nto leyo imi kuhlangana komsindo. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba kuthatha kakhulu umthwalo omkhulu compressive. Ndlwana yabahamba xinzelelo kunye nomthwalo uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko akuthethi akayi ukuvumela deformations. Isebenza kuphela kwempixano. Kwezinye iimeko, wathi ulisebenzisa baleka. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ubunzima lobume lonke. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ngqongqo yolawulo tyaba sebenzisa ukuvumela. Phantsi yempembelelo overpressure, zixhaswa ngemiqadi ezinqamlezayo kwaye longitudinal (iimbambo). Ukuze kuphuculwe indlela yokusebenzisa ngqongqo iinkcukacha ipheyini na ngohlobo izakhiwo isonka. Eminqubeni kufuneka ziqinisekiswe eziplastikhini oluthembekileyo onke amalungu walutshixa kwaye riveted. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iteyiphu okhethekileyo. Buzane sealant, yemastic promazyvayut non-omiswe, isale yikhompawundi okhethekileyo, ilandelwe yi omiswe. Xa kuhlangana khona amacwecwe yeqokobhe zisetyenziswa multi-mqolo amalungu rivet ngokwemizuzu ezincinane. Ingakumbi ukuqhubekekiswa ngononophelo hermetic izivingco, iifestile, izibane, sekusemnyango. Ukutywina inikwa ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezizodwa uphawu. Kusenokuba iirubber bands, itheyiphu, iityhubhu sawa, gasket.

nezenzo ezifunekayo

Ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana neemfuno ukuba isicelo fuselage moya, amanye amanyathelo kufuneka kwenziwe. Ezi ziquka:

1. Ukhetho lwamaxabiso parameter kunye neefom istili yangaphandle apho wotsalo aya kuncitshiswa abe ubuncinane, kwaye umthamo iluncedo ngokulandelelanayo, kuya kuba kangangoko.
2. Ukusebenzisa fuselage emcela. Ngenxa kubo wadala ebalulekileyo lift. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye ummandla iphiko.
3. eyiyo yokusetyenziswa umthamo luncedo. Oku kuphunyezwe ngokwandiswa loxinano ubeko, ukufakwa indawo wolayisho kwi embindini mass. Kule meko bekuya ukunciphisa ubunzima amaxesha inertia , nokuphucula iimpawu uphume. Ukuvala uluhlu ukutshintshatshintsha iziko womxhuzulane xa amafutha burnup, embodiments ezahlukeneyo kulayishwa ibonelela uzinzo olukhulu kunye nokusingatha engcono.
4. iisekethe fuselage amandla ulungelelaniso kunye neeyunithi eqhotyoshelwe kuso. Kulo mzekelo kufuneka kwamanani omelele, nokuxhathisa imithwalo zothumelo yamalungu kwamandla iphiko, iiseyile lihlala iiyunithi empennage yezindlu.
5. Ukunikezela I / O lula abasebenzi, abakhweli, berthing, ukulayisha / ukothula iimpahla, izixhobo, izinto eyenzelwe kwezothutho.
6. Ukunika indlela elula ukuya kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuba zihlolwe kunye nokulungisa.

Kuba labasebenzi kunye babekhwele iimeko eziyimfuneko kufuneka zidalwe, kwakunye kwinqanaba efanelekileyo intuthuzelo ngexesha esemoyeni kwiindawo ezise eliphezulu. Imfuneko kukuqinisekisa isandi nobushushu ubushushu of ezingontsini, kukhuselekile kwaye ekhawulezayo yokuphuma engxakeko ndlwana. Crew kwakhona imiqathango bekhululekile kufuneka okufumaniweyo. Ngokukodwa, isishwankathelo elungileyo ye pilot ziya kubonelelwa, lula yokusabela kunye nolawulo moya.