Kumiswa ezintabeni njani yaye yintoni na ke?

inkqubo Intaba - mhlawumbi enye indalo kakhulu omkhulu kwaye onomtsalane endalo. Xa ujonge le ntaba likhephu ezigqunywe, emgceni omnye emva komnye kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha, singaqondanga aveze umbuzo: yintoni uhlobo amandla amakhulu ukudala kubo?

Intaba abantu basoloko babonakala ukuba into akaguquki, endulo ngonaphakade ngokwayo. Kodwa aba yokwakheka mihla ibonisa ngokupheleleyo indlela edlulayo uncedo lwe kumphezulu womhlaba. Iintaba abe lapho xa ulwandle akramnceleyo. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba Umhlaba uza kuba indawo ephakeme iminyaka million, yaye yintoni eza kwenzeka amangalisayo Mount Everest ...

Ezisebenza ukubunjwa ezintabeni

Ukuze uqonde ukuba enzeka njani iintaba, kufuneka nokuqonda okukuko kokuba yintoni lithosfere. Eli gama libhekisela iqokobhe olungaphandle Umhlaba, leyo isakhiwo owahlukeneyo kakhulu. Izakufunyanwa ezincotsheni zazo eziliwaka leemitha, kunye anamandla zinzulu, kunye namathafa enkulu.

kuqweqwe lomhlaba amiliswe amakhulukazi amacwecwe lithospheric, leyo kwisenzeko rhoqo, yaye kumaxesha ngamaxesha ebusweni imiphetho. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni iinxalenye ezithile kubo yozigqabhuza, waphakamisa kwaye ngenye indlela ukutshintsha isakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, kwakheka ezintabeni. Kakade ke, ukutshintsha indawo amacwecwe icotha kakhulu - nje iisentimitha ezimbalwa ngonyaka ngamnye. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba le nguqulelo kancinane kwizigidi zeminyaka eMhlabeni kwasekwa iqela lweenkqubo imigodi.

Umhlaba uye zombini iinxalenye baphola (ubukhulu becala endaweni yabo kumathafa emikhulu akhiwa, ezifana lweCaspian) kunye ngokwaneleyo mmandla "wakhathazeka". Isikakhulu kwintsimi yabo nifudula ulwandle yamandulo. Ngaxa lithile ebudeni okunzulu phambili intshukumo ye amacwecwe lithospheric kunye noxinzelelo esondela iziqina. Ngenxa yoko kwintsele yolwandle, nezinto zonke kumatye awenziwa ludaka unyuka usiya phezulu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kwakukho iintaba phambene.

Kamsinya nje elwandle ekugqibeleni "kwiimfanta" kwi wabonakala phezu komhlaba ubunzima rock aqalile ukuchaphazela imvula, umoya kunye ukuzibaxa obushushu. Kuyinto ngenxa kubo bonke inkqubo intaba ekhethekileyo yayo, ntlango ekhethekileyo.

Njengoko akhiwa iintaba ziitectonic plates

Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa intshukumo ziitectonic plates ingcaciso emitsha ukwenza indlela iintaba isongwe kunye block. Xa shift eqongeni, kwesikhoko kwezinye iindawo ukuze acofwa, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ukudilika, ndivuka kwelinye icala. Kwimeko kuqala iintaba elisongiweyo (inokufumaneka single indawo yabo malayas); Lichaza enye indlela imbonakalo blocky (umz, zeAltai).

Ezinye iindlela ezinkulu, amawa, kodwa hayi kakhulu ngokwahlukana kumathambeka. Oku uphawu iintaba phawu block.

Njengoko ezintabeni mlilo wabumba

Inkqubo ukubunjwa iincopho mlilo leyo yahluke luyasekwa ezintabeni lisongiwe. Ngomhla ngemvelaphi igama labo uthi pretty ngokucacileyo. ezintabeni mlilo kukho kuloo ndawo apho daka batsho kumphezulu - rock otyhidiweyo. It Ungahamba enye neentanda kolu qweqwe lomhlaba yaye inokuqokelelana ngeenxa zonke.

Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi ubuke kolundi lonke eli hlobo - ziziphumo kuqhambuko eziliqela mlilo ezikufuphi. Indlela zezilwanya ezintabeni, kukho ingcamango: ilitye elingumfanekiso otyhidiweyo, engafumani ndlela yokuphuma, uxinzelelo nje nxiba kumphezulu ngaphakathi kuqweqwe lomhlaba, okukhokelela kuyo kukho enkulu "uPienaar".

A icala - mlilo kwamanzi, ibekwe emgangathweni wolwandle. Daka ephuma kuzo, uyakwazi lukhuni, oyinxalenye sonke eso siqithi. Amazwe afana neJapan kunye Indonesia, ifumaneka kwiindawo umhlaba imvelaphi mlilo.

iintaba Young yamandulo

Kubudala kwenkqubo yentaba isiqabu layo uthi ngokucacileyo. Le ntaba libukhali kwaye ephakamileyo, kamva lamiswa. iintaba Young ingqalelo, engange engaphantsi kwezigidi-60 eyadlulayo. Eli qela libandakanya, umzekelo, Alps malayas. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba eqale emalunga ne-10 lezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona ngaphambi kokuba abantu ayekhona isixa esikhulu ixesha xa kuthelekiswa ephakadeni planethi na ixesha elincinane kakhulu ixesha. Young naye ingqalelo neCaucasus, Pamir kunye kwiiNtaba zeCarpath.

Umzekelo zeentaba zamandulo - Mountains phambene (iminyaka ke iminyaka engaphezu kwama-4 ubudala). Eli qela kwakhona ziquka North noMzantsi American Cordilleras kunye Andes. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, iintaba indala ehlabathini eKhanada.

ezintabeni bokwakha Contemporary

In XX komhlaba Ngenkulungwane bafika kwisigqibo engagungqiyo ukuba izibilini Umhlaba wangena amandla omkhulu, kwaye ukuyilwa isiqabu yayo akayeki. intaba Young lonke ixesha "sikhule", ukwanda nge-8 cm ezimnyaka mnye ukuphakama - uhlala kutshatyalaliswa ngumoya namanzi, liyajikeleza kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ibe ziintili.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo into yokuba inkqubo yokutshintsha kwinkangeleko yendalo akayeki - esoloko ziyenzeka neenyikima mlilo. Enye into eziphembelela iinkqubo indlela akhiwa iintaba - intshukumo yemilambo. Xa nokuphakamisa indawo ethile yomhlaba umjelo abe nzulu kwaye yomelele ngaphezu ndinqumle kulo iliwa, ngokufuthi ehlahla entilini yonke. Khondo yemilambo ingafunyanwa kwi phezulu ithambeka, kunye iintsalela asezintlanjeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa zokhahlamba ebandakanya amandla emvelo efanayo xa kuyilwa isiqabu kwabo: iqondo lobushushu, imvula nomoya, umkhenkce imithombo komhlaba.

version zesayensi

iinguqulelo Modern orogenesis (iintaba imvelaphi) zimelwe yeengcinga eziliqela. Izazinzulu ziye abeke phambili izinto kunokwenzeka:

• nezitya ocean Dive;
• siqhele (slippage) amazwekazi;
• flow subcrustal;
• ayanda;
• ukuncipha kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.

Enye iinguqulelo indlela zezilwanya iintaba, edibene yesenzo womxhuzulane. Ngenxa uMhlaba sphere, onke amasuntswana zenkqunto ube amalungiselelo symmetrically malunga embindini. Ukongeza, onke emaweni ziyahluka ubunzima ngokukhanya kubo ekugqibeleni aba "uyaphuma 'ukuba kunzima kumphezulu. Kunye, ezi zinto kukhokelela imbonakalo izitenxo kwi noqweqwe.

Iinzululwazi zale mihla uzama ukufumanisa indlela zokuziswa utshintsho ziitectonic plates ngokwesiseko apho zeentaba kwasekwa ngenxa yenkqubo. Nge orogeny kunjalo ibandakanya imibuzo emininzi isahleli engaphendulekiyo.