Kutheni le nto umlambo ebizwa emlanjeni? Kutheni iVolga iVolga wabizwa engowalukileyo na?

Amadama bebesoloko ezibalulekileyo ebomini babantu. Nasiphi na isivumelwano ixhomekeke ngqo phezu komthombo wamanzi. Ngoko ke, njengokuba njengenxalenye ulwimi mandatory zonke iilwimi amazwi omnye okanye ngaphezulu ukuchaza ukuhamba kwamanzi elibaleka ngomzila DC. I-Russian yi yesibizo "umlambo". Ngoku ke semantics ngelizwi ilahlekile, ungenza ndiyaqonda kuphela oko ixabiso imali ngabo babenyuke naye, oweza ngayo. Kodwa kutheni umlambo ebizwa emlanjeni? Kwaye into amagama misele afana iVolga, uLena, Dnieper, Neva? Oko yahlanjwa isinki, ubuyeleyo kumEfrate? Konke oku uxoxwa ngezantsi.

Le etymology elithi "umlambo"

kuye kwabonakala Le yunithi lungelelanisa ngolwimi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-11. Le nto yokuba olwalukho Proto-Slavic, kubonisa ubukho iseti yamagama kunye isandi efanayo kunye nentsingiselo kwezinye iinkqubo zeelwimi. Ngokomzekelo, xa riueka Serbo-Croatian, rzeka in Polish, rieka in Slovak, reka in Czech kunye Slovene, Rika in Ukrainian. Ekubeni ngoku ngeelwimi Slavic kunye namaqela yasempumalanga nasentshonalanga, nakumazantsi, kuye kucace ukuba onke la mazwi yaba ukhokho eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona in Russian kukho amagama engasekho zodwa njenge ezizalanayo morphology mihla, kodwa kwenzeka ukuba zasekwa ngaphambili. Sithetha ngalo umqondiso "bubu", "rush", "enomoya". Bonke babe enye into Sema efanayo - into enxulumene intshukumo.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini, apho sihambe. Ngokutsho ingcamango yokuqala ingcambu Slavic "Umphathi" kwabunjwa ngenxa isikhamiso le uRian Old Irish kunye ixabiso "indlela umlambo". E Old IsiNgesi kukho igama ukulahla (komlanjana), xa srednenemetskom - Rin (amanzi). Rivus Latin lithetha "mlanjana", nayo leyo uthetha kwicala le ngcamango. Kaloku, Kwathi emlanjeni (River) e IsiNgesi mihla.

Inguqulelo yesibini ithi ukuba imvelaphi morpheme rek yaseYurophu Indo-. Le enxulumene iingcambu zamandulo renos "ukuba" ixabiso. Abaxhasi lo mbono zinikeze umzekelo igama lomlambo iRhine, apho, ngokutsho kubo, lithetha "yangoku." semantics ezifanayo rayas mandulo Indian. Unako kwakhona ingqalelo riyate (intshukumo, baqale flow). Kwaye phezu kwexesha, lo gama wegqitha inguqu phonetic ukuba amagama lula. Yiloo nto umlambo ebizwa umlambo.

Kunjalo kukho rekha endala igama Indian (umgca, band, ekuqaleni). Sinokukufanisa yesibizo kuxoxwa ngazo Russian, kodwa hayi ngokwenene idibane kwi semantics.

Phantse zonke hydronyms kwi kummandla Russia mihla - ubudala efanayo elithi "umlambo". Ngoko ke, imvelaphi yabo - naye uhlobo ingaziwa. Ke abathile kuwo benokufunyanwa ubuncinane into.

iVolga

Kutheni le nto igama kangaka? Kukho caciso elula neqondakalayo. Ezinye iingcali ngeelwimi bakholelwa ukuba hydronym iVolga livela kwigama "ukufuma". Inyaniso kukuba xa abantu kuhlala kufuphi ichibi, kwaba umthombo wabo kuphela ukufuma. Kaninzi abazi ubukho ezinye amanzi ngenxa yokuba befumene ithuba lokuba ahambe. Akumangalisi ke, hydronyms ezininzi ukusuka kwiilwimi zamandulo nje lithetha "umlambo", "amanzi", "ezimanzi".

In mandulo polnoglasie ulwimi langoku, oko kukuthi, uphuhliso lwezikhamiso eziziisekondari: isango - esangweni, nesichotho - mzi. Yaye umlambo kuqala ngokuba ukunyakama, kwaye ngoko ke similise ngendlela efanelekileyo igama Vologu, kodwa ekugqibeleni wanciphiswa uhlobo elifutshane "iVolga".

Kukho olunye uhlobo, njengoko apho egameni umlambo - ezingcanjini lweBaltic. Eli qela kweelwimi ilizwi Valka, elithetha "ugeleza ngalo kumgxobhozo."
Eneneni, Valdai Hills, apho umthombo (ekuqaleni lomlambo), ebizwa ntlango emanzi kakhulu. Eli lilizwe amachibi emanzi.

Kukho nesayensi, kodwa nokucingela ezinomdla kutheni umlambo iVolga ogama iVolga. Bona isekelwe ingoma random. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abaphandi babona ukufana kunye igama a oriole intaka, enye - kunye elithi "ingcuka". Umntu nokuba kukanye apha Bulgar lohlanga abantu ababehlala kufuphi nomlambo kwinkulungwane 5. Kanye, katoykonim "Bulgars" yajika "Volgar", yaye igama umzimba ngamanzi, ngalo ezi zizwe kuhlala kuye.

Kwakhona kuxoxwa nabo hydronym kunye elithi "intando". Le ingcaciso oku ngokucacileyo Kucacile kakhulu, kodwa sekunjalo. Bathi bona abasebenzi mbaleki, ukufudukela kwelinye icala lomlambo, bekhwaza besithi: "Ha Will Ngaba ha !!!!"

Umntu ubona ukufana kunye negama le-Great Princess Olga (Olga V. olufinyeziweyo). Kwaba kwi Russian Bogatyr iVolga neentsomi, lowo unako ukulima ukulima emlanjeni.

Lena

Fans of etymology lobuxoki bakholisa ukuchaza le Onim eyahlukileyo. Kodwa nayiphi na Elena, muhle, igama lomlambo ongadibenanga. Kwakhona, musa Ndimnike ukuba apha igama elithi "ivila", bathi, amanzi abetheka ngokucotha, ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye ngoko ke kunjalo christened.

Ngoko kutheni umlambo igama "Lena"? Eneneni, Russified uguqulelo hydronym Yeh-lii-Ene, nto leyo Liguqulwe lithatyathwa Evenk lithetha "umlambo omkhulu." Eli gama ochaziweyo 17 discoverer ngenkulungwane wamanzi Cossack Penda. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 le Tungus, ababehlala kufuphi nomlambo, wayibiza Lenna ngokwe mbali F. I. Miller.

River Wash: kutheni ukuze ebizwa

Ukuba ngaba umbe nzulu, imvelaphi yalo hydronym kube lula ezinxulumene iibhate zoluntu, apho wamenzela khona uNdikhoyo ngenkulungwane ye-18. Yokuqala kwixwebhu igama ichibi - UMya. Buthi, Ilizwi eli, yena, livela Finnish-Izhora "IUJ" elithetha "Ubumdaka". Abaninzi mgxobhozo mlanjana kummandla St. Petersburg kubona oko egameni labo. Ke amanzi echibini ezinodaka kakhulu, ezinodaka. Le yabhalwa mbali ngenkulungwane ye-18, umzekelo, A. Bogdanov. Kodwa ke ngokuhamba kwexesha trudnovygovarivaemoe ilizwi similise into ezingoonombini ngakumbi Lexicon Russian, wasebenza apha ukufana kunye isenzi 'ukuhlamba "," lwam ".

Neva

Ngaphambili kwisayithi ka St. Petersburg imigxobhozo imigxobhozo. Le nyaniso eyayenzeke kwisihloko umlambo sixeko engundoqo, leyo ibizwa cishe livela kwigama Finnish neva (kumgxobhozo). Ngokubanzi, ekumntla weRashiya, hydronyms ezininzi bachaza ngokwembono ulwimi Finno-Ugric. Umzekelo, Ladoga, Seliger kunye uMlambo eMoscow.

Ezinye iingcali ngeelwimi - abaxhasi uguqulelo yaseYurophu Indo-. Bakholelwa ukuba gama livela neṷa osho "ezintsha." Neva - umlambo mncinane kakhulu, yasekwa sesona sisombululo kwamanzi Lake Ladoga. Okuzibonela iziganeko waphawula oko, ngokwenza igama lakhe. Yiyo loo nto loo mlambo igama le Neva River, leyo intsha.

Dnieper

In yemihla yamandulo igama Dnieper River labhalwa Dnѣpr. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isandi "b" kuye kwaqala kwisiza se 'y' yaye 'ѣ "nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi -". Ah "apho kwakukho indibaniselwano isandi Ukuba bambeli inxalenye yokuqala igama yamandulo "Dnѣ" ezi ngokwemali, ukufumana igama elithi "weDanube". Yaye yintoni "Hlaz '? Le element lwenzelwe njengombutho ngokukhawuleza. nentwana yayo kunokubonwa la magama "ngokukhawuleza", "bafune", kwakunye amagama kwezinye imilambo (i mfula, Pripyat). Ukuba ukudibanisa amalungu amabini, iya kukhutshwa kunye ibinzana elithetha "River iDanube". Njengoko "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" yi weza kwabantu bokuqala ukusuka apho ukuya kweenxweme Dnieper. A umlambo entsha babanika igama okufikiweyo rose.

Efrati

Yeyona mlambo mkhulu e-West Asia. I-Efrati (igama eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "flow egudileyo") asuka kwi-Armenian Highlands, eCaucasus, kwaye ungena nePersian Gulf. iintili kweentyatyambo zaba sisirhintyelo ngenxa angaboyisi, ingakumbi uFaro Thutmose III. Xa befika imikhosi umYiputa kule ndawo, baya kwasothusa kakhulu kwicala somEfrati. Athelekisa oko kwemithambo ephambili umNayile eYiputa, ophuma lithabathele ezantsi lise entla kwaye ungena kuLwandle lweMeditera. Yaye kwabonakala kubo ukuba amanzi ihamba enye indlela ngeenxa zonke, ukuba ayikho indlela asebenzisa ukubukela. Yiloo nto ongumEfrati ekuthiwa kumlambo zocaphulo oko. Yiloo nto ngayo kukhankanywa encwadini yeembali Thutmose isiThathu kweli phulo.

City, ogama emva emlanjeni

Ehlabathini lonke, abantu abaninzi ezo. Barnaul limi phezu Barnaulka, Vologda - phezu iVolga. Isikakhulu abantu ukuba ukuqhathwa kwakhona ikhanda wambiza kwilali yabo kwakunye umlambo apho kwabonakala. Nantsi imizekelo izixeko ogama lakhe izandi zaba noboya kunye hydronyms: Samara, elirhabaxa, Kazan, Narva, Tuapse, Kostroma, Voronezh, Vyatka, eMoscow. Abanye kwakhona ube uhlobo esifutshane isichazi bunini egameni lomlambo, eOmsk (ukusuka Omi), Tomsk (ukusuka Tom), Yeisk (ukusuka Eu) Lensk (kwi Lena), Labinsk (kwi iElbe), Angarsk (ukusuka Angara).

Zonke hydronyms, kwakunye namanye amagama indawo - oku ngokwenene sifundo obungapheliyo ngeenjongo zophando. Kwiilwimi azikabi ukuza zifana, kutheni umlambo ebizwa emlanjeni, ichibi - edikeni nolwandle - ulwandle. Ngoko ke inguqulelo entsha ngayo uvumelekile ukubonakala.