Iimpawu zoqoqosho kunye wejografi Italy

Eli lizwe ifumaneka embindini kwiMeditera, kumazantsi eYurophu, kweli nqaku abazinikwanga ngokwezoqoqosho kuphela indawo, kodwa kuphawu yezopolitiko. Italy (Italian Republic) ne-yesithathu ngobukhulu uqoqosho zaseYurophu ephawuleka inkalo lokwahlula efana Ukwanda zesikhumbuzo yembali zobugcisa, inkcubeko, izakhiwo, yaye oku kuya kuxoxwa. Le ndawo lizwe yi 301.200 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, leyo yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amabini, yahlulwe, ethubeni, alithoba anesihlanu amaphondo. Kwaye ukwahlulwa ayipheli apha: kukho amawaka asibhozo communes ephondo Italy.

Imida komhlaba kunye namanzi

Ntshonalanga imida Italy ne-France iikhilomitha phezu 488, ilandelwa yi Switzerland - 740 km, kwaye umda entla Austria - 430 km, kwakunye emantla-mpuma nasemantla Slovenia - 232 km. Ekhaya, kakhulu, imida: eVatican (Pope Town) - ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu namakhulu amabini neemitha kunye San Marino - 39 km. Iimpawu Italy yahlukile kwezinye kumazwe amaninzi, isixa kwemithombo yamanzi. Asibhozo ekhulwini imida yelizwe zezi phezu kweelwandle - i eAdriya, Ligurian, Corinth, lweMeditera Tyrrhenian. Unxweme linobude kweekhilomitha 7375. Imilambo ezininzi, le inkulu - Piave, Reno, Adige, iTiber, Po.

Kwakhona ezininzi namachibi Italy - oku Lake Lugano Garda, Maggiore, Brakkiano, Como, Trasimeno, Bolsena. Italy uphawu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ngokukhankanywa kwimimandla Resort kunye kubakhenkethi, eyenza i phantse lonke elo lizwe. Kukho ezininzi iiholide balneological kuba ekhoyo ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko imithombo thermal - up to 39 degrees Celsius, kwaye nengqele: hydrocarbonate ezimbiwa, calcium, sulphur ezinomthamo ephakamileyo chlorine, ayodini, iityuwa bromine apho izifo ezithile, yaye zisetyenziswa nokusela luzakuhlambela ukulala.

geography

Neempawu Italy ukusuka kwindawo geographical lwembono iqala indawo: ilizwe ohlala lonke elo lizwe yaye inxalenye encinane Balkan, eSardinia, yeSisili abo ezininzi ezincinane. Kule ndawo indawo Southern Alps nelasesithabazi wasePadua. Le ukukhululeka lizwe phantse ngokupheleleyo ubunjwe iintaba neenduli - kuphela isahlulo sesihlanu uwela emathafeni.

Alps - iinkqubo intaba elide Yurophu, apho Mont Blanc - le peak inkulu - ise kwiinkalo Courmayeur kunye Haute Savoie, enye inxalenye Mont Blanc sele eFransi. Oku edumileyo crystal uluhlu laliziimitha 4810 ukuzolula ophezulu leekhilomitha 50. Ingongoma eliphezulu eYurophu, ngaphandle Elbrus Dykhtau kunye iincopho eziliqela eCaucasus, apho ezintlomeni zeentaba kakhulu kweekhilomitha ingaphezu kwezonka ezihlanu ezinesiqingatha - oko kukuthi uphawu lokuthelekisa. Italy e Western Europe akukho angi kwi ezintlomeni zeentaba. Noko ke, kukho indawo kubakhenkethi udidi lwembono, kwetonela ngekhilomitha-11 iimoto yi obihozhennosti kwinqanaba eliphezulu, Mont Blanc wabeka.

sezulu

Okulandelayo e Italy Apennines Okokuqala, akukho iintaba eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke uthabathe phantse lonke Italy - kwiikhilomitha amawaka ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi malunga kunxweme kwimpuma lizwe. Uhlaza sisityebi, nompleyini kunye beech amahlathi, tshitshilili lweMeditera engca phezu ngqungquthela. Kukho mlilo: mboli, Vulcano, iEtna, ntshava. ebenegalelo elikhulu noonobangela zotshintsho lwemozulu entabeni; kwi amacala asentla nophakathi - olufudumeleyo kunye ngcathu, kodwa, umzekelo, esasiseSisili wathi sehlathi.

Ebusika olulamileyo ezimanzi kunye ehlotyeni ezishushu neyomileyo. ngqele phantse naphakade, amaqondo obushushu ebusika avareji - degrees ezisibhozo ngentla ebandayo. EsasiseSisili, kukho inani elikhulu leentsuku enelanga, evenness imozulu Riviera ezahlukeneyo ukufudumala unyaka wonke, kwaye usingasiqithi Salentina - imvula kakhulu ephantsi (milimitha 197 kuphela - ngonyaka).

uhlobo

On the Apennine lizwe kukho ngaphezu kwekhulu amangcwaba UNESCO, nto leyo ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini. Italy kakhulu ezintle. iimpawu Geographic babumbe uluhlu alupheli le ntaba kuyehla, amachibi, imilambo kunye namathafa. Nantsi sengqondo onoxanduva kakhulu kwindalo, kuphela iipaki zesizwe wadala kummandla omnye kunye nesiqingatha sesigidi hectares. Engamashumi amabini ananye - kuba ilizwe omncinane. Amahlanu epesenti Territory uqulathwe ifomu yayo yoqobo kunye akhuselwe ngurhulumente. Umzekelo, i-Gran Paradiso - enye iipaki zesizwe endala - ifumaneka e-ntshona, kufuphi nomda French, kwaye yeyona inkulu - 700 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

landscape set is brilliant, kuba ukwenza utshintsho ephakamileyo, ukusuka 800 ukuya 4.5 amawaka eemitha: kukho zomkhenkce - ezinzima yaye engavumi, kwaye andizele amadlelo wasezintabeni namaqhosha imibala eqaqambileyo. Akukho enomtsalane kangako kunye nazo zonke ezinye iipaka zesizwe kunye noovimba. Umzekelo, kwi-Abruzzo ngonyaka itsala ukuya abakhenkethi kwesigidi, nangona ezi iindawo akhuselwe. Oku kuphela iintyatyambo ezizodwa nezilwanyana, kodwa iintsalela impucuko yamandulo, necropolis yabalusi ezizodwa ubuhle kwiindledlana ekhokelela kumabhodlo inqaba ephakathi. Kwaye ke, neendledlana emihle ski umdla kubakhenkethi ubuncinane.

umnotho

Xa kwiMeditera, Italy simi ibalulekileyo, kuba ise kulungile embindini yeendlela eziphambili amazwe kuMbindi Mpuma zizityebi neoli, ukuba mveliso yasentshona Yurophu - i potrebitelnits eziphambili ezi ubutyebi. nendawo kuluncedo kakhulu uthatha Italy.

Iimpawu ze-lizwe ixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kuye iimpembelelo kwi imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kweli lizwe kwi European Union, apho ubulungu ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo. A feature of indawo ephakamileyo enjalo yinto yokuba ukuba eItali kuphendule geqe ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ezimbini - Vatican njengoko yokuhlala kwentloko ubuKristu yomhlaba kunye San Marino, kwiriphabliki lidala eYurophu noMgaqo-siseko ka-1600.

San Marino

Yeyona lizwe lincinane kunye ukhukhumeleyo - kunye nokungafuni olukhulu luxhomekeke kwiBhunga of Europe kunye achaseneyo ungeno kwi European Union. Noko ke, nkqu Italy lisibeka lizwe, njengoko kufuneka aphile: ivalwe San Marino ukuvula ukugembula izindlu baze babe TV zabo, imali kunye namasiko.

Noko ke, Italy, ezi zithintelo ngenxalenye babuyekezwe ngemali. Balundwendwe emhla abatyelela izigidi Vatican, kwakunye abakhenkethi, imali ukuba akukho uzimisele ngaphantsi ku San Marino ngenxa ezinomtsalane Italy kuzisa iingenelo kakhulu obuphathekayo - ingeniso zinkulu.

imithombo

Ukuze iimpawu zoqoqosho kunye wejografi Italy kakhulu epheleleyo, kufuneka ukuchonga nokuqinisekisa zawo zonke iintlobo izibonelelo zendalo, kuquka izimbiwa, njengoko ilizwe enqabileyo nga ukwakha uqoqosho ngokusebenzisa enye yokhenketho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lizwe kunye izinto namandla ukunika ukubotshwa nje kuphela, kodwa akwanelanga. Phantse zonke iidipozithi ayo ezincinane umthamo kunye needipozithi kuphuhliso alale. Italy idibana amandla yayo ngokwayo-17 pesenti kuphela.

amalahle ethile liyabonakala kakhulu kunene. E Calobra, Tuscany, yaseUmbria kunye ESardinia kukho amalahle kunye lignite, kodwa intsimi incinane. Neoli phezu esasiseSisili, kodwa abambalwa kakhulu, inika pesenti ezimbini kuphela imfuneko. Iimpawu zoqoqosho kunye yomhlaba ebanzi ye eItali, umzekelo, kunye eJamani, ibonisa ukuba izibonelelo abavela abahluphekayo ngokucacileyo. Ukusuka Russian ngokwendalo uthelekiso ayikho zichanekile: amalahle coking babe zigidi 200 iphicothwe kuphela iidipozithi, kunye ngumlinganiselo efanayo igesi, neoli kunye nezinye izimbiwa.

ezimbiwa

Gas ngcono: wasePadua ithafa kunye nokuqhubekeka yayo - aphezulu kuLwandle lweAdriatic - akhawunti ye-40 ekhulwini ezifunekayo. Efunyenweyo kodwa hayi kodwa kuphuhliswa amasimi igesi yendalo kwi Apennines kwaye esasiseSisili, kodwa bonke kunye hayi ngaphezulu kwe-46 pesenti ukusetyenziswa efunekayo kweli lizwe. Intsimbi ekrwada yi misela ukuba apha phantse namawaka amathathu eminyaka, ezo zabelo mincinane kakhulu, waqhubeka malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 iitoni kwi iElbe kwaye Aosta, leyo, Kakade, kakhulu, kancinci kakhulu. Inkcazelo emfutshane ye Italy phantsi kwezibonelelo ingaba: akukho phantse kungekho zibonelelo.

ore Polymetallic Italy etyebile kancinane, lukhona sisimbiwa zinc, ukukhokela nesilivere, kwakunye ukungcola kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Abaninzi oovimba kwilizwe lesigidi esikrwada, cinnabar, edulusele kwi massif mlilo ka Tuscany. Kukho kwakhona i pyrites. In Puglia - uphuhliso webauxite eSardinia - ores kwistibhiya e Liguria - manganese. Inye kuphela ukuba utyebile ngokwenene Italy - yinto lenyengane, tuff kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha. Odumileyo Carrara nezemarmore, umzekelo, into eninzi kakhulu. Kodwa yena, naye, ayikho kakhulu. Umzobo up lweempawu kwezoqoqosho kunye wejografi Italy ukuqala kunye nokhenketho. Kwaye mhlawumbi ke iphele.

imboni

GDP Italy xa isakhiwo yahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ezolimo enikwa ekhulwini ezimbini, ishishini - 27, kwaye i-plus asixhenxe - iinkonzo, ie nokhenketho. Ngaphezulu kwama-70 ekhulwini izimbiwa kufunxwa namandla ngaphezulu kwama-80 ekhulwini abantu kwamanye amazwe.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ekuqaleni kuphuhliso amandla enyukliya, kodwa ngowe-1988 ligcwale zimvo. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle intsingiselo Italy umbane ayiyi kusinda. Ukusuka lonke ushishino ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye zobunjineli eziphuhlileyo ngomatshini, izithuthi, oomatshini ezolimo zaveliswa. Emakethe zomhlaba uxatyiswa ifenitshala Italian, umqhaphu, tile ceramic. Kuko konke.

ezolimo

Kwezolimo, kukho inani elikhulu iifama ezincinci (kwaye engeluncedo lwanto, ingakumbi kumazantsi Italy), kunye indawo avareji malunga ezintandathu eehektare, ukuba nkqu European Union yi kakhulu, incinci kakhulu.

Khula iimveliso kuphela Mediterranean - umnquma, iwayini, iziqhamo yesitrasi. Crop, ezolimo zisendaweni ngaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini, kunye nemfuyo - ngaphantsi kwamashumi amane.