Kwemakhroskophu Leeuwenhoek. I khulu lokuqala

Enye fyabo ibalulekileyo aphakathi ukunika ngemicroscope. Esebenzisa le sixhobo wakwazi ukubona isakhiwo, ayibonakali ngamehlo. Yanceda ekubumbeni amalungiselelo ingcamango yeseli, iye wadala amathuba kuphuhliso eziphilayo. Ngaphezu koko, neemicroscope lokuqala uye waba injini nokudalwa izixhobo ezitsha mikroskopiruyut kakhulu. Zaba izixhobo apho abantu bajonge i-atom.

ulwazi Imbali malunga neemicroscope yokuqala

Ngokucacileyo, neemicroscope - sisixhobo engaqhelekanga. Kwaye yintoni ke ayimangalisi into yokuba oko yasungulwa bamaXesha Aphakathi. Uyise uthathwa Antoni Van Levenguk. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kwimfaneleko zezenzululwazi, ndithi ukuba icebo lokuqala kuphuhliswa mikroskopiruyut okanye UGalileo (1609), okanye Hans kunye uZekariya Yanseny (1590). Nangona kunjalo, kuba iinkcukacha encinane kakhulu elidlulileyo njengoko kwifom le njengeyabo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuphuhliswa Hans kunye Zahariya Yansenov asithatyathwa kakhulu njengoko neemicroscope yokuqala. A isixhobo merit developer zezethu UGalileo Galilei. isixhobo yawo iyunithi Kudibaniso eyepiece ezilula lenses ezimbini. Le yenziwe ngokuba ukukhanya zizonke. Kamva Kornelius Drebbel (1620) kancincane le njengeyabo.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, uphuhliso uGalileo wayeza kuqhubeka kuphela xa i Antoni Van Levenguk ngo-1665 liye ashicilele umsebenzi kwi ngemicroscope. Kuyo, wachaza izinto eziphilayo abangakubonanga esebenzisa ezilula olunye-Ilens ngemicroscope yakhe. Le uphuhliso emangalisayo ezilula emangalisayo ezimbaxa ngexesha elifanayo.

khulu Leeuwenhoek, ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek kaThixo microscope - imveliso equka ipleyiti yobhedu kunye lens eqhotyoshelwe kuso, kunye hardware engathethekiyo. Icebo lula lungena kwi icala, kodwa efihla kumandla akhethekileyo: kunokwenzeka ukwandisa izakhiwo izihlandlo 275-500. Oku kuphunyezwe lofakelo plano-khaxa lens kuba yayimfutshane ngesithomo. Kwaye umdla ngokwaneleyo, kude 1970, zezinto eziphambili ayikwazanga bana phandle ungakwazi ukumisa ezinjalo magnifiers Leeuwenhoek.

Ngaphambili bekucingelwa ukuba ilens ukuze ngemicroscope olugudisiweyo ngomshini. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kufuna nokunyamezela olumangalisayo kunye ngqo eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngowe-1970 yena wanikela Cingela ukuba Leeuwenhoek iilensi nezakha ngeglasi ifayibha. Yena kumo oko, yaye emva koko likhazimliswe candelo, eyaqhotyoshelwa nethontsi yeglasi. Sele lula yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, nangona okwangoku wazibonakalisa kunokwenzeka: abanini neemicroscope eseleyo Leeuwenhoek akazange ukunika imvume imifuniselo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela uyakwazi kuqokelela microscope Leeuwenhoek nokuba ekhaya.

Umgaqo usebenzisa microscope Leeuwenhoek kaThixo

isakhiwo imveliso ilula kakhulu, uthetha ukusebenziseka kwayo ngendlela elula. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ubude ebalulekile lens. Ngoko ke, phambi kokuba kucingwe ixesha elide kuyimfuneko ukungxolisa kwesichazwe ephuma ifowuni test ukusuka umda. Wanqumla ephakathi amakhandlela kunye ilens, nto leyo inceda nkulu i emincinci. Kwaye ke kuzobonakala emehlweni oluntu.

Incazelo ye Leeuwenhoek microscope

Ngokutsho iziphumo yemifuniselo, microscope le Leeuwenhoek ukwanda leyo emangalisayo, ubuncinane kuye kwenyuka izihlandlo 275. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba microscopist ezikhokelela kuMbindi Ages wadala isixhobo ukuba avunyelwe ukuba anyuswe izihlandlo 500. fiction Science ibonisa inombolo 1500, nangona kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ioli emanzini. Nje akazange yayingekabikho.

Noko ke Leeuwenhoek zimisele umoya omawulawule ngethuba uphuhliso Sciences ezininzi kwaye waqonda ukuba iliso akaboni bonke. Kukho sekuba, ezingabonakaliyo kuthi. Kwaye kukho zininzi ngakumbi umdla. Ukususela ukuphakama kwawo amaphakade kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umphandi ngokwesiprofetho tye. Kwaye ngemicroscope Leeuwenhoek namhlanje, nto leyo ifumaneka ngezantsi photo, uthathwa enye iinjini yenzululwazi.

Ezinye yeengcinga malunga uphuhliso neemicroscope

Ngoku izazinzulu ezininzi bakholelwa ukuba microscope Leeuwenhoek kaThixo ayenzwanga ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izazinzulu wayesazi ezinye iinyani malunga ubukho uGalileo Optics. Nangona kunjalo, kunye fyabo, i-Italian kungekho kwihi. Ezinye mbali bakholelwa ukuba Leeuwenhoek wathabatha njengesiseko sophuhliso Hans kunye Zahariya Yansenov. Ethetha neemicroscope yakutshanje, incinane gqitha into eyaziwayo.

Ekubeni Hans kunye nonyana wakhe UZachary babesebenza ekuvelisweni iindondo, uphuhliso lwabo, kunoko, kwakufana kusungulwe UGalileo Galilei. khulu Leeuwenhoek kakhulu isixhobo esinamandla ngakumbi, ekubeni likuvumela ukuba ukusondeza ngamaxesha 275-500. Loo icandelo amandla ukukhanya iimikroskopu kunye Jansen, kunye UGalileo waba. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa lens ezimbini, yaye iimpazamo ngokuphindwe kabini abaninzi. Xa oku wathabatha malunga 150 s ukuba ezibamba microscope wabamba umgangatho umfanekiso microscope Leeuwenhoek kunye nokwandisa amandla.

Cingela ngemvelaphi iilensi microscope Leeuwenhoek kaThixo

Imithombo yembali kwenza kube lula ukuba ayilungise umsebenzi sisazinzulu. Ngokutsho Royal Society of England, Leeuwenhoek waqokelela 25 iimikroskopu. wakwazi kwakhona ukuba phantse 500 lenses. Akwaziwa kutheni engazange wadala iimikroskopu ezininzi kangaka, kuyabonakala ukuba, ezi lenses abazange banikwe ukwanda eyiyo okanye embi. Kuphela 9 iimikroskopu Leeuwenhoek wasinda ukuya mihla.

Kukho hypothesis umdla, ukuba Leeuwenhoek microscope wadalwa ngokusekelwe lens bendalo mlilo. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nje nethontsi yeglasi nezakha ukuba iimveliso zabo. Abanye bayavuma ukuba unako bayinyibilikisa cingwana zeglasi kunye ilens ukwenza njalo. Kodwa isibakala sokuba eli sisazinzulu 500 lens wakwazi ukwakha iimikroskopu-25 kuphela, uthetha imiqulu.

Ngokukodwa, yena ngqo qinisekisa bonke lens ezintathu imvelaphi hypothesis. Kuyabonakala ukuba, impendulo yokugqibela akunakwenzeka ukuba ifunyenwe ngaphandle imifuniselo. Kodwa ukukholelwa ukuba ngaphandle ubukho ophezulu-ngqo izixhobo zokukala kunye nomatshini besila wayekwazi ukwenza lens enamandla, kunzima kakhulu.

Ukudala ngemicroscope Leeuwenhoek ikhaya

Abantu abaninzi bazama ukuvavanya eminye yemibono malunga ngemvelaphi iilensi eziveliswe ngempumelelo microscope Leeuwenhoek ekhaya. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho elula sokukhuphela utywala ukuze zinyibilike ngomsonto yeglasi obhityileyo, ide loo nto iya kunyothulwa. Kufuneka kuphole, emva koko kufuneka sanded omnye (malunga kumphezulu ungqukuva) ecaleni.

Ukugaya ukudala lens plano-khaxa ezifezekisayo iimfuno ze microscopy. Kwakhona uya kwandisa malunga 200-275 amaxesha. Emva nje kufuneka ukulungisa phezu kwento eqinileyo cinga izinto umdla. Noko ke, kukho ingxaki mnye: isiphelo lensi khaxa kakhulu kufuneka ihlawulwe into kufundwa. Umphandi ngoxa ikhangela kumphezulu othe tyaba lens. Kuphela ngale ndlela kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngemicroscope. Leeuwenhoek, ukubuyekeza of the Royal Society of apho ngelo xesha omnye wamnika igama elizukileyo, mhlawumbi, loo nto wadala ndayinikela wokusungula.