Yintoni potassium electron uqwalaselo

wenza njani uqwalaselo electronic potassium? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, cinga isakhiwo atom kunye nemithetho nokwabiwa electron kumanqanaba kunye sublevels.

ubucukubhede quantum

uqwalaselo potassium Electronic wachaza Schrödinger equation. Idibanisa amandla enokubakho impefumlelwano ngumongo kunye electron kunye ubukhulu isizathu phakathi kweengqakumbana onegunya elifanayo. ubucukubhede Quantum usebenzisa lo lenxaki postulates echaza ubukho nganye kwinqanaba lwamandla ukusuka reserve eneji.

atom emininzi-electron

uqwalaselo potassium Electronic kubhalwe kunye uPauli ukushiywa siseko. Xa sijonga iimpawu lencinibakazi uhlobo elektroni, loo nto ixela ukuba ngamnye yamasuntswana negative ukwakweli "Orbital", ngamanye lishiya ityhefu apho ubukho ethile lwendawo. Ngokumalunga atom multi-electron, eziquka potassium, ngomhla Orbital ngalinye alifumanekanga electron ngaphezu ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko sele inikezelwe ezine iinombolo quantum eziphawula imo electron ngexesha lekhefu ingqalelo.

Aufbau isimiso

uqwalaselo potassium Electronic senziwa ngokwesiseko imithetho eyenziwe Klechkovskaya. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha. Kuxhomekeke electron Orbital zilungiswe, ukuba kufuneka ube ethile amandla. Okokuqala kukho ukusasazwa amasuntswana ukuba unikezelo lwamandla ezincinane.

Njengoko uphawu amandla electron ephambili kuba isebenza inani inqununu quantum, ahambelana nenani thuba.

I abaninzi-electron atom Umtsalane kwenzeka nje kuphela elektroni engundoqo, kodwa isizathu phakathi kwabo. Ngokwandisa amasuntswana spin iyonke kunciphisa amandla yeqokobhe electron, kwandisa inani elektroni kokuba orientation efanayo mathuba ngokwabo intshukumo yabo. Uxhomekeko olunjalo chemistry quantum kuthiwa ulawulo Hund kaThixo.

Ngokwesiseko le mithetho ezimbini Kuqulunqwe uqwalaselo elektroniki kunye potassium atom. spectra Atomic kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa imeko olingana elektroni, oko kukuthi, ukuba ukuchonga ezo amasuntswana ukuba Sineendawo amandla sakugcina.

Undoqo lokwakha formula elektroniki ukuba atom multi-electron potassium ilula: inkqubo yekhompyutha kufuneka ube namandla ubuncinane bahambelana nalaa mabinzana uPauli exclusion siseko.

Imizekelo lonikezelo electron amanqanaba amandla

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele izinto electron uqwalaselo lwe potassium ion ungumzekelo elula. I-hydrogen atom engundoqo liquka Proton ngakwicala lobulungisa. Ehlabathini core esijikeleziswa omnye electron orbit. Imeko nesiseko sayo formula hydrogen ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Cinga iinkalo yokuqhelwaniswa spin yale electron. Ngokutsho ulawulo Hund womntakayise, yinto codirectional kunye spin zenyukliya.

Kuba helium ukuba inani ulandelelwano yesibini nezinto table kwi electron ezimbini orbitals odiyo. Ngamnye kubo i-½ spin, isiphathele ngendlela eyahlukileyo ujikelezo.

Xa izinto kwinqanaba lamandla yesibini ivela oonokrwece ezimbini, nganye amandla alo eligciniweyo.

Potassium i element kwexesha yesine, iziqalelo nkqubo, ngoko ke sinobuso amanqanaba ngekhompyutha, nganye iqulethe iindidi ezahlukeneyo sublevels.

Xa imeko eqhelekileyo ye atom metal kwealkali ine uqwalaselo ilandelayo: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Electronic yoqwalaselo potassium ion yahlukile kwi-atom. Kwinqanaba amandla olungaphandle but is omnye Valence electron. Ekubeni imiboniso potassium ukunciphisa kwiipropati, lo gama unxibelelwano kunye namanye athom, athume electron Valence iguqulelwa kwaku- entle (zesiqinisekiso) ukuba le uqwalaselo elektroniki ilandelayo: 1s22s22p63s23p64s0.

isiphelo

Kuba element ngayinye umchiza, sikweyona lwezakhi lungenza sisimo ngekhompyutha, ulawulo abaxhobileyo Hund, lo uPauli exclusion siseko, kunye namabango Klechkovskii. Ukongeza sisimo yekhompyutha atom kwi chemistry ezingaphiliyo kwaye zimisela iyatshi- olungumgubo kunye anions ezibangelwa intsebenziswano imichiza.