Le nkqubo ucinezelo. inkqubo ucinezelo qhagamshelana: scheme, umgaqo yokusebenza

inkqubo injini ucinezelo efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisinga eliphezulu ixabiso nasekukhupheni ukuba uqhagamshelane ilangatye ucinezelo zamafutha. Lunikwe utshintsho yeenguqu le crankshaft kunye umthwalo motor angxamele ombane aphezulu lisetyenziswa kwi yintlantsi Sikwithuba kwangaphambili. Kule mihla, Kwizithuthi zoqhagamshelwano kunye nenkqubo licwecwe yokuphembeka ngongoma.

inkqubo contact ucinezelo izixhobo

imisinga aphantsi-angumthombo kwamandla, esiza evela wenkunkuma kunye ibhetri imoto yakhe.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso lale ombane ulingana volts elinambini okanye elinesine. Ke ukuze kwenziwe lo mzuzu ube yintlantsi e yintlantsi ignitor kuyimfuneko bayingenise volts amabini amawaka. Ukuqwalasela lo mba, inkqubo ucinezelo anayo kwiisekethe zawo kwisakhiwo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Umphathi wesekethe kwenkqubo ucinezelo wenziwe iiyunithi zilandelayo kunye namacandelo: ibhetri, coil tramblera, ulawula ucinezelo ixesha zidle kunye neentlobo centrifugal, amakhandlela zoqhagamshelwano, iingcingo zombane, kubandakanywe isixhobo kumise.

izinto ngabanye kwenkqubo

Ukuze ukuguqula ombane esiphantsi zibe umthamo high kuyilo ukuba ifowuni ye-coil ucinezelo. Le ibekwe kwi gumbi injini, kwakunye uninzi izakhi kunye nendlela ucinezelo le. Indlela ephambili umsebenzi ngokwayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: phezu engathi azikho ombane aphezulu imisinga yombane, yaye oku malunga ngokubhijela mhlaba otsalayo iguqulelwa. Kwimeko ukumisa unikezelo amandla jiko, lo mhlaba otsalayo wanyamalala sele Iyandonwabisa ngqo nemisinga e nocingo ombane aphezulu. Inkqubo yokuguqula amawaka alishumi mabini volts kungenxa umahluko amathuba kwi engathi ze jiko. Le ombane liphezulu efunekayo ukujikelezisa yintlantsi phakathi abafowunelwa yintlantsi.

umsebenzi full

ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ucinezelo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba indlela enjalo interrupter yangoku ombane yokusebenza hayi ngaphezulu hayi. umsebenzi yakhe ukuphazamisa zangoku kwi engathi of ombane aphantsi. Le nto ikhuthaza ukuyilwa ombane aphezulu.

Okulandelayo, wangoku mayibhekiswe isikhonkwane zaseprayimari, ibekwe phantsi kwekhwapha isixhobo zokusasaza. Flexible spring contact ezinokususwa lonke ixesha ayicinezele kwi element zokubhala, yaye zahluke nje ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane. Oku kwenzeka xa indlela cam drive ye ahambise ungumgqithi enza izinto qha eshukumayo ye ihamile.

capacitor

Ukuze ngaphandle ubunyani wokutshisa abafowunelwa ngexesha lokuvula, elidityaniswe ngokunxuseneyo ukuya capacitor. Umahluko phakathi kwindlela umhambisi i lokudibana phakathi cams ukuze zidale. Kulo mzekelo, i capacitor yenzelwe ukutsala Uninzi lwe-eneji yombane kwaye kunciphisa ithuba iintlantsi ukuya ubuncinane. Ukongezelela, oko kukhatshwa ukwanda ombane kule engathi yesibini Ikhoyili jiko. Ngexesha ukusebenza abafowunelwa ungumgqithi nokucutheka yunithi unika current yakho kwaye kudala imisinga reverse kwisekethe ombane aphantsi. Oku kunceda ukukhawulezisa yokuduka lo mhlaba otsalayo. Kwaye ke msinyane oku kuyenzeka, nemisinga eziphezulu imigca yomphakamo ombane. Kwimeko apho tramblera capacitor akaphumeleli, injini akayi kuba phezulu kwaye isebenze. Useto ombane amagophe le wesekethe zasesekondari iya kuba ncinane kakhulu ukuba isenzeko ngokupheleleyo isusa. Osinike phakathi electrode ye yintlantsi iya kuba 'abampofu, "yaye oku akwanelanga phemba umxube amafutha. Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano Breaker imisinga ephantsi kunye yombane eliphezulu umhambisi tramblera shelwe izindlu kunye eqhutywa motor ngenxa umngxuma cranked.

cover tramblera

ukwabiwa High-ombane unit amandla amakhandlela cylinder wenziwe ngomzi cap tramblera. Emva kokuba ukuyilwa eliphezulu lale befika ngomzi cap engundoqo qhagamshelana-yombane, yaye emva koko kuphela element ezinokususwa kwi kwipleyiti plane zinga. Ngelo xesha xa plane lijikeleza, ombane overshoots kwipleyiti ukuya abafowunelwa ze inshorensi ukusasazwa.

Emva koko broneprovodam pulses elifutshane ombane aphezulu ukutya ngqo kwiplagi yintlantsi. Qhagamshelana cap umhambisi abe yamanani ethile, ongqamana itankana ethile injini.

Nantso into Ukuseta ixesha nokusebenza nesilinda. kulandelwe inkqubo ethile inika nokuba ukusasazwa umthwalo crankshaft. Ngokusisiseko, iinjini-itankana zozine inkqubo yokusebenza ilandelayo: 1-3-4-2. Kodwa lonto kancinci ilungiswe kuxhomekeke kumenzi. Kulo mzekelo, ifomula ithetha umyalelo umsebenzi ucinezelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni akwitankana kuqala, emva koko ukuya eyesithathu, eyesine kunye yesibini. Le nkqubo ibonelela ukuba injini ucinezelo yobonelelo wamandla ombane yintlantsi ekupheleni kukubethwa ucinezelo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ufakelo le ucinezelo ixesha.

Phambili yintlantsi kuyimfuneko ngenxa isantya intshukumo ephakamileyo Pistons kwi iziqulathi. Kwimeko apho umxube amafutha azakubasa kunikwa kungekudala emva koko, ukusebenza ze gesi ukwandisa tsakisi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ucinezelo lwezibaso kufuneka ngethuba elithile, xa piston oza TDC. Xa ifakwe kakuhle kwi piston phambili ekujikeni iya kuchaphazela isixa kangangoko iigesi ezifunekayo ukusebenza eqhelekileyo injini. angle Lead elibekwe ngokuvula izindlu ndingumgqithi. Ngoko wakhetha ingongoma ethile, xa abafowunelwa interrupter umtshato.

Regulator centrifugal

A somthetho centrifugal iqinisekisa ufakelo oluchanekileyo engile ucinezelo kwangaphambili njengomsebenzi ngesantya injini. Uyilo inkqubo komlawuli kuyinto iperi iimpahla, yokubolekisana, wanefuthe ipleyiti kunye nabo lo ndingumgqithi.

cleaner Regulator

Kuxhomekeka iqondo umthwalo ngongoma injini iqala ehlengahlengisiweyo cleaner Regulator. Esi sixhobo zixhonywe tramblera yezindlu. Ongenawo Umlawuli luquka amagumbi amabini ezahlulwe sisithuba a uvalo. Enye egumbini inxibelelane emoyeni, kunye nombhobho yesibini ngokusebenzisa inductance capacitance. Esebenzisa intonga uvalo inobudlelwane kunye nembasa, nto leyo lixhotyiswe kunye nabo ndingumgqithi.

Ngenxa yokwanda engile njengokujikeleza ivelufa umcephe uhle kwi umcephe obhobhozayo kwisisu. Kule plate uvalo usa engile kancinane, kunye abafowunelwa ukuya interrupter drive cam. Ngako oko, ukuvulwa kwenzeka kunye ekulibazisekeni, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukutshintsha-engile.

Amakhandlela isusa (ucinezelo pin)

Inkqubo ucinezelo ifakwe iziqalelo fuse eqhelekileyo. Iziqalelo zoqhagamshelwano isusa imfuneko ukuguqula amandla ombane kule yintlantsi ukuba phemba umxube amafutha kwi cylinder injini. Ngelo xesha xa ukubetha ombane idluliselwa ukuba kutsaleleka kuyo, ukuba abafowunelwa lula ukusekwa yokuwa yintlantsi. Le nto yinxalenye yenkqubo ucinezelo.

Broneprovoda

inkqubo ucinezelo contact, nezinye iintlobo kwinkqubo ngokwayo isixhobo broneprovodami pack package apho ungakwazi ngaphandle umonakalo nelahleko udlule ombane aphezulu. Ingakumbi, le nocingo bhetyebhetye zombane kunye engundoqo yobhedu multi-umaleko usambathisa.

Xa oku wire zomfowunelwa abunjwe enembonakalo ephotheneyo, nto leyo ephelisa kokuphazanyiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi iingcingo efakwe kwi khandlela. ukusetyenziswa elide wire microcracks yokugquma linokufumana, ngalo ilahleko yexabiso eliphezulu pulses kunokwenzeka.

Ukungasebenzi le nkqubo ucinezelo kunye nokuphelisa zabo

I breakage lokuqala kwaye kwandile kubakho yintlantsi phezu yintlantsi. Izizathu ndingungantweni ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• iingcingo zombane Vula kwisiphaluka ombane aphantsi okanye igcwala of ezinjengeetheminali zabo kokuxhuma.
• nabo onolophu ngomzi kunye ukungalungelelani.
• Ukungaphumeleli jiko, kuhanjwa kuqutshwa ukuvuthela capacitor umhambisi iziphene inshorensi broneprovodov umonakalo bona suppositories.
• ukufuma kakhulu ngamayelenqe.

Zokusombulula kwenzeka le ndlela ilandelayo:

• Khangela isixhobo test lonke chain kunye wire.
• Zokucoca qhagamshelana tramblera of a uhlengahlengiso yedipozithi kunye yokususwa.
• Ukuthathwa karhulumente olunemposiso akrokra amacandelo inkqubo le.

Kuyenzeka ukuba xa icinyiwe isitshixo ucinezelo, ukuziqalela alusebenzi, kwaye zonke iinkqubo ukusebenza abangaboniyo, kule meko kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo izinto block ukhuseleko kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokudinwa okanye igcwala isihlalo wabasiki isigxina starter.

Ukuba injini imoto iyahlozinga yaye akayi ukuphuhlisa amandla ngokupheleleyo, isizathu unakho kulala kulandelayo:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwelinye yintlantsi iiplagi.
• enkulu kakhulu okanye, icala, kukho umsantsa encinane iiplagi ze uqhagamshelane zokusasaza.
• umonakalo okanye tramblera inshorensi ivili.
• Elingasebenziyo angle iseti kwangaphambili.

Ukugcinwa siquka oku kulandelayo:

• Ukufakelwa kwiindawo ezintsha.
• Ukulungisa le okudingekayo ezifunekayo.
• Ukulungisa le engela isusa.

Scheme yokuphembeka inkqubo yokuqhagamshelana ilula kwaye lisetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezahlukeneyo.

Nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ezintsha izinto zezithuthi ucinezelo qho iphuculwe kwaye ilungiswe. Umzekelo, kuthenga entsha yeemoto kbavelisi ezahlukene inkqubo ucinezelo electronic babesebenzisa elide. Ukuba naziphi na iingxaki kwenzeka, inkqubo ngokulula ukukhangela unobangela kwaye enze ulungiso. Iinkcukacha Vaz inkqubo imoto ucinezelo akukho mahluko kakhulu kwi izinto abanye abenzi kwaye nokuthembeka yokusebenza phezulu. Ngelo xesha engaxabisi ukuyilungisa.

inkqubo Iinkcukacha-transistor

Xa kuthelekiswa ne eqhelekileyo inkqubo Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano-transistor na transistor wayo hlomisa. isicelo sayo uphucula iimpawu kunye iparameters ukusebenza. Ngofakelo kwenkqubo yaqala ukuxhobisa iswitshi transistor.

Izixhobo iinkqubo ucinezelo qhagamshelana-transistor ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ucinezelo yesiqhelo yokusebenza yaso ephambili. Sekunjalo, inazo iyantlukwano engephi.

osemqoka yalo esentloko kukuba uyakwazi ukuba nefuthe ukuba ungumgqithi isixhobo transistor, hayi kwi Ikhoyili jiko. Ngexesha imisinga kumiswe kwi ombane aphantsi, osuka kwi ombane aphezulu athe ngokubhijela ohlobo na lasungulwa.

inkqubo Iinkcukacha ucinezelo (kubandakanywa Vaz) kukho inani iimpawu ezintle.

ulawulo Process ezendeleyo Ikhoyili ucinezelo, kunegalelo amathuba ukwanda amaxabiso imisinga eziziiprayimari jiko of coil, kwaye oku kungabangela:

• yombane eziziisekondari Ukwandiswa.
• Ukwandisa umsantsa phakathi electrode yintlantsi.
• Ukuphuculwa mzuzu ezinzileyo ngakumbi isusa.
• Ukuququzelela ukumiselwa motor ngexesha abandayo.
• Kuzakwandisa isantya kwaye namandla injini.

inkqubo ucinezelo qhagamshelana-transistor enjalo, eyenzelwe sokudityaniswa Ikhoyili kunye engathi eziziprayimari nezizisekondari eyahlukileyo.

Ngelo xesha, le nkqubo kunciphisa umthwalo abafowunelwa ungumgqithi kwaye kunciphisa ingozi overcooking. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuhla lwezibonisi ezidlulayo kwemisinga. Ngenxa yokuba oku kwandisa ukuthembeka ukuqina kwinkqubo yonke.

A elibi eli plug kungabandakanya oku kulandelayo: imisinga ombane eziya transistor kuye nefuthe elivakalayo yokusebenza yayo. Ukwehlisa ubungqina yangoku enxulumene nemeko abafowunelwa umaphuli yesekethe, ichaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zokusebenza zoqhagamshelwano-transistor ucinezelo. Amaphutha olu hlobo nkqubo ucinezelo efana iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqhagamshelana kwaye ziphelisiwe ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa ukuhlanganisa kubakho iingxaki wokunyhashwa yokusebenza yesiqhelo transistor kunye iswitshi.

ukuqala i injini

Ukuqalisa i-injini esinokwenziwa kungekho naziphi na izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo ze-elektronikha. Kule meko, siza kuqwalasela le indlela njenge starter isithuthi. Le ndlela i injini yombane esilawula isindululo sokuqala crankshaft motor de ucinezelo kwi iisilinda kunye siqala injini. Aqalise starter luvuliwe ngokuvula isitshixo kwi lock kwindawo echanekileyo. Imisinga ngokusebenzisa ucinezelo relay wondla ukusuka ibhetri jiko zokuqalisa ndize ndiwuphathe ngezenzo.

Ukuba sihlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha, inkqubo ukuqalisa injini luqhutywa ngokwamabakala amathathu:

1. retractor ukuziqalela imimoya pinion zokuqalisa zibe uthethathethwano kunye ivili isithsaba.
2. Ngaphezu koko kukho ivili starter ejikelezayo ngokuhlangeneyo kunye drive pinion, kwaye, yena, edlulisela torque ukuya crankshaft, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni kwiyunithi yamandla.
3. Emva kokuba injini luqaliweyo kwaye iqhosha ucinezelo abuyela endaweni yaso yesiqhelo, indlela retracting ovelisa a izixhobo starter drive ngaphandle kothethathethwano kunye flywheel.

edluliselwe sabelo

Naziphi na baphinde zombane - isixhobo nokhuseleko, nto leyo lixhotyiswe nenkqubo ucinezelo. inkqubo ucinezelo Iinkcukacha kulo mba kungekho ngaphandle. Injongo yalo esentloko kukuba ukuvula uzivale ezahlukahlukeneyo sites iisekethe zombane emotweni. Izixhobo ukuba umahluko kubume kunye nendlela umqondiso wolawulo, kananjalo nangenxa ufakelo. Okwangoku ngokubanzi bamkela baphinde kagesi.

Ngamagama alula, olu hlobo imoto yombane ikhusela izinto ezahlukeneyo imithwalo eziphakamileyo-ngoku. Nje luvule abawusebenzisayo. Ingakumbi, inkqubo livimbela iswitshi isithuthi ucinezelo kunye wokuphehla zokuqalisa kukungakhuseleki imisinga ephakamileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuqalisa injini, khawulitshitshise iswitshi ucinezelo kwaye uvula i Umqali ukusebenza, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, use ukusuka 80 ukuya 300A.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuba anithanga usebenzise relay, i lock enokuthi itshe, kwakunye ezinye iziqalelo iintambo. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki kule nkqubo ziquka ucinezelo irileyi. Xa ifowuni iye umfanekiso diode icon, oko kuthetha ukuba xa uqhagamshela kubalulekile ukuba sigcine ezichaseneyo ye iiclamps. Kungenjalo, ukusilela ayinakuphepheka.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le yokuqala, leyo lihanjiswa kwimarike izithuthi ngokubanzi, yaba inkqubo ucinezelo contact. Le nkqubo ucinezelo iye yasetyenziswa kakhulu siqinisekile, kodwa okwangoku uthathwa lixesha. Ingongoma obhekiswe kwaba nje ukuba ubukho ku pair kwisakhiwo tramblera qha. Ngapha koko, kwakufuneka yolondolozo lwamathuba kuyehla imfuneko sokuhlola nokulungelelanisa umsantsa phakathi abafowunelwa, ekucoceni iindawo zonxibelelwano iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto ezidibene eluvundwini, ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza eziqalelo xa bebonke. Endaweni yale nkqubo kwafika licwecwe ukuba umsebenzi onjalo ulondolozo ayifuni, kwaye zibandakanya beemoto njenge inokuthenjwa.

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba yeyiphi na umgaqo kwenkqubo ucinezelo qhagamshelana-transistor emotweni.