Gravity: ifomula, inkcazelo

Ngokupheleleyo zonke izidumbu kwi indalo amandla omlingo kukuthi, ngandlel 'ithile etsala emhlabeni (okanye mandithi yaseburhulumenteni). Ndawo ukubaleka, ndawo siphelelwe ubunzulu magic ebanzi: i iiplanethi kwisixokelelwano sethu elanga nomdla nje kuphela ilanga enkulu, kodwa omnye komnye, zonke izinto, molekyuli, kunye athom ezizezona zincinane kwaye ngokufanayo umdla. Isaak Nyuton, kwaziwa kubantwana abancinane, wanikela ubomi bakhe isifundo kule meko, eyodwa imithetho ezinkulu - umthetho womxhuzulane.

Yintoni kokona?

Inkcazo kunye yokubala ixesha elide, kwaye abaninzi baziwa. Khumbula, amandla womxhuzulane - lixabiso othile, omnye wabonakala endalo gravitation jikelele, oko kukuthi, amandla ngayo yonke umzimba isoloko ziwuthanda Umhlaba.

Amandla omxhuzulane luchazwa ngu Latin unobumba F imicu.

Gravity: ifomula

Indlela yokubala amandla womxhuzulane, ejoliswe umzimba ethile? Zeziphi ezinye amaxabiso kufuneka ukwazi oko? Ifomula Ukubala amandla womxhuzulane ilula, kufundiswa kwibakala 7 kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ekuqaleni ikhosi ye physics. Ukuba akukho lula ukufunda, kodwa ukuqonda, kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba amandla womxhuzulane, njalo senze kwi umzimba umlinganiselo ngqo ubungakanani bayo (mass).

bekukubi Unit ithiywe emva kokuba umphengululi omkhulu Newton.

Gravity (bekukubi) lisoloko esalatha ngqo phantsi kwiziko kumbindi komhlaba, ngenxa yokuba ifuthe layo yonke umzimba ukuwa ngokufanayo olukhawulezisiweyo phantsi. Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa gravitation kubomi bemihla ngemihla sibona kuyo yonke indawo yaye lonke ixesha:

• izinto wakhululwa ngokungakhethiyo okanye ingakumbi esandleni, qiniseka ukuba kuwa phantsi emhlabeni (okanye nawuphi na umgangatho kuthintela ukuwa);
• waqalisa space yisathelayithi akuthethi kubaleka ukusuka ihlabathi umgama elingenammiselo perpendicularly phezulu, kwaye esijikeleziswa ngendledlana;
• Yonke imilambo ingena kwiintaba kwaye ukuguqulwa;
• Ngamanye amaxesha umntu owayo yaphuka;
• zonke iindawo bahlale kunazo isibi eluthulini;
• umoya buzinze kufutshane komhlaba;
• enzima ukuthwala iingxowa;
• evela kwamafu kunye amafu ivuza imvula, ukuwa ikhephu, nesichotho.

Kunye elithi "womxhuzulane", igama elithi "ubunzima bomzimba". Ukuba umzimba inokubekwa endaweni ethe tyaba tyaba, ubunzima bayo kunye nomkhosi womxhuzulane na ngamanani alinganayo, ngoko ke zimbini basoloko bexakaniseka, ezo ke ichanekile.

Ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane

Le mbono "ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane" (ngamanye amagama, njalo omxhuzulane) ezinxulumene ne elithi "ubunzima". Ifomula ibonisa ukuba ukuze ukubala amandla womxhuzulane, ubunzima kufuneka liphindaphindwe g (n unxibelelwano lunikezelo ..).

"G" = 9,8 N / kg njalo. Noko ke, imilinganiselo echanileyo ngakumbi zibonisa ukuba ngenxa ixabiso ukukhawulezisa umhlaba ujikelezo esibophelelayo. . N ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kuxhomekeke inkululeko: i North Pole = 9.832 N / kg, ngeli xa ulophu ikhweyitha = 9,78 N / kg. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi emzimbeni emhlabeni ukuba kukho ubunzima ngokulinganayo, ezahlukeneyo ijolise womxhuzulane (indlela efanayo mg nangoku kuhlala ingatshintshanga). Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezithile, kwagqitywa ekubeni ngoyaba iimpazamo ezincinane zabantu abangaka lilodwa, kwaye asebenzise ixabiso avareji ka-9.8 N / kg.

Ukulingana ziwe ezifana amandla omxhuzulane (ifomula ebonisa) ivumela ukuba ukulinganisa ubunzima dynamometer into (ngathi bizmen eqhelekileyo yasekhaya). Qaphela ukuba ifowuni iyaluveza ukusebenza kuphela, njengoko ukufumanisa ubunzima ngqo kufuneka ukwazi ixabiso yommandla "g".

Ngaba amandla womxhuzulane nangayiphi (abakufuphi nabakude) kude ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba? Newton hypothesized ukuba izenzo emzimbeni nokuba sikude kakhulu ukusuka emhlabeni, kodwa ixabiso layo kunciphisa njengoko yembutho isichasi umgama ukusuka ku gqiba ezingundoqo komhlaba.

Bekukubi kwinkqubo solar

Ingaba zikhona ezinye iiplanethi womxhuzulane? Iinkcazelo kunye neefomula xa kuthelekiswa eminye imihlaba kusekho esebenzayo. Ngenxa umahluko kuphela kwixabiso "g" omnye:

• Moon = 1,62 N / kg (izihlandlo ezintandathu ngaphantsi kukodwa);
• Kwabanye = 13.5 N / kg (amaxesha phantse isiqingatha ngaphezulu ehlabathini);
• Mars = 3.73 N / kg (ngaphantsi amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ngaphezu iplanethi);
• ISaturn = 10,44 N / kg;
• Mercury = 3.7 N / kg;
• Venus = 8.8 N / kg;
• Uranus = 9.8 N / kg (phantse kuyafana nje thina);
• Jupiter = 24 N / kg (amaxesha malunga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ephezulu).