Le nyikima e Spitak ngo-1988

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama engamashumi amabini anesithandathu eminyaka eyadlulayo (ngoDisemba 7, 1988) Armenia lawuzamazamisayo inyikima yomeleleyo Spitak, leyo sisiqingatha seyure zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nalo, kunye needolophana eziyingqongileyo 58. abantu abachaphazelekayo izinto Gyumri, Vanadzor, Stepanavan. ukusilela Small abachaphazelekayo iidolophu 20 needolophana kwama-200 zibekwe ukuqhela ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba.

le nyikima

Kwindawo enye phambi kwenyikima kwenzeke - ngo-1679, 1840 nowe-1931, kodwa akazange ukufikelela, yaye ezi-4. Kwaye ngo-1988, ehlotyeni seismographs ebhalwe ukuhla kummandla ka Spitak ezingqongileyo 3.5 kwisikali iRichter.

Le nyikima efanayo kakhulu Spitak, esenzeka nge-7 Disemba ukusebenza kwi amanqaku 10 kumbindi womhlaba (amanqaku aphezulu amanqaku 12). Inxalenye enkulu yale lizwe ndazi nezothuso izakhono amanqaku ukuya ku-6. Ntlokoma iingcangcazela zaye waziva e Yerevan kunye Tbilisi.

Iingcali Aphonononge izinga le ntlekele, ingxelo ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla wakhululwa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kuba iziqhushumbisi ezilishumi atomic wawisa kwi eHiroshima. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba yomtshangatshangiso nokuphalazeka kwelifu, bayicezele uMhlaba, sabhalwa kwi kumazwekazi amaninzi. Idatha kwingxelo "Inyikima. Spitak, 1988" ingxelo ukuba umphezulu iyonke umsantsa ilingana ayi-37, kunye namandla awo of ukubana zawo phantse ukuya kwi-170 cm. komsipha kwenzeka ekuhlaleni ukwahlula ziitectonic plates ayigqitywanga ngexesha ubungozi zenyikima.

Isikali yentlekele

Zeziphi iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni echaza inyikima? Spitak-1988 - cishe amawaka 30 abafileyo kunye nabantu abangaphezulu kwe 140 lamawaka abakhubazekileyo. Intshabalalo, ukubamba kushishino kunye nezibonelelo, njengoko yedanisayo. Phakathi kwazo 600 km lweendlela, 230 amashishini mveliso, 410 kumaziko ezempilo. Umsebenzi samiswa ANPP.

Spitak komhlaba kudala umonakalo omkhulu. Le bezimali behlabathi kakhulu phantse $ 15 billion, kwaye inani lamaxhoba liye ngaphaya avareji yehlabathi onke amaxhoba eentlekele zendalo. abasemagunyeni Armenian ngelo xesha abazange babe nako ukususa iziphumo ntlekele, nabo bonke republic eSoviet Union kunye kumazwe amaninzi angaphandle inxaxheba ukusebenza ngoko nangoko.

Ukuphelisa iziphumo: ubuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe kunye neenjongo zezopolitiko

NgoDisemba 7 e ungqubano Yaphaphazela yeza oogqirha abakwaziyo ukusebenza kwintsimi emkhosini, kunye nabancedi Russia. Ukongezelela kubo, kwindawo yengozi kukho ugqirha eUnited States, Great Britain, eSwitzerland kunye France. ngegazi kanye amayeza ezinikwe China, Japan kunye Italy, kwafika uncedo evela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-100.

December 10 abakwindawo ntlekele (ngoku baba kumabhodlo endaweni umzi akhulayo) labhabha intloko USSR uMikhail Gorbachev. Kuba ngenxa lokunceda abantu nokulawula inkqubo ekuqhubeni imisebenzi nokuhlangula, wazigawula mfutshane utyelelo lwakhe eUnited States.

Kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi kokufika Gorbachev, December 8, wafumana uncedo evela Sochi. Le ntaka eyenziwa yonke into eyimfuneko ukuze asindise ubomi amaxhoba ... i nabizayo. Le yokugqibela akwanelanga.

izikolo zemidlalo Spitak waba heliport, izibhedlele, izidumbu kunye neendawo zokufudusa ngaxeshanye.

Izinto ezibangela le ntlekele kunye neendlela

Izizathu yabangela intshabalalo enkulu ngenxa into efana inyikima ziingcali Spitak kubiza uvavanyo ngesiquphe kwaye azigqibeleli of intlokoma yenyikima kwingingqi, nezingalunganga kumalungiselelo nemimiselo kunye nomgangatho ophantsi unyango kunye nokwakhiwa imisebenzi.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-Union wamnika yonke amandla akhe, imali kunye nabasebenzi, ukunceda amaxhoba intlekele Spitak: Republic kuphela ntliziyo angaphezu kwama-45 amawaka. Amashumi amawaka iipasile kulo lonke eSoviet Union waya esixekweni kunye needolophu eziyingqongileyo njengoko uncedo wobuntu.

Kodwa ezinomdla kakhulu kukuba kunyaka 1987-1988 ukusuka kumazwe Armenian ngokoqobo phantsi lwemipu gun bagxothwa Azerbaijani, amaSilamsi Russian. Abantu ndamnqamla intloko kunye neemoto zabo nakhandiweyo, wabethwa ekufeni, inqatyisiwe phezulu iiglasi zazo, zingawucongi gama akukho abafazi okanye abantwana. Kule ncwadi, umbhali Sanubar Sarally "abiweyo imbali. Kohlanga "iingxelo wazibonela ezo ziganeko. Lo mbhali uthi ukuba Armenia ngokwabo kubiza nentlekele isohlwayo Spitak kaThixo iziphoso zabo.

Abahlali Azerbaijani inxaxheba isiqabu kwintlekele, babanikela Spitak nayo imizi engakuyo yepetroli, ubuchwepheshe kunye namayeza. Noko ke, Armenia walile uncedo lwabo.

Spitak kwenyikima elisuke laba sisalathisi yobudlelwane bezizwe ngelo xesha, enyanisweni, ukuqinisekisile emaqandeni ubuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe USSR.

Phambi ngo-1988

Le nyikima e Spitak wanika umfutho wokuqala ukudalwa lombutho ngenxa zentelekelelo, uthintelo kunye ukutshona esiphuthumayo of imvelaphi yendalo. Ngoko ke, emva kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini, ngowe-1989, oko ngokusemthethweni wathi ukuqala umsebenzi weKomishoni phezu zikaxakeka kwisikali karhulumente, eyaziwa ukususela 1991 iSebe Iimeko zikaxakeka ye-Russian Federation.

emva kwenyikima Spitak - oko ziyaphikisana ukanti isiganeko buhlungu lizwe. Kube sele kudlule iminyaka phantse 27 ukususela le ntlekele, kodwa ngenxa eminyaka, Armenia nangoku rebounding. Kuba 2005, kwakukho iintsapho phantse 9000 owayehlala enqabeni kungekho eziluncedo.

In memory of the amaxhoba

Umhla 7 Disemba - USuku yesijwili abo babulala kule ngozi, isaziso ngurhulumente. Kuba Armenia le mini ngemvula. NgoDisemba 1989, zetyeleba Union wakhupha ingqekembe engange emithathu-kukhunjulwa Spitak kwenyikima. kweminyaka engama-20 kamva, ngowe-2008, kwidolophu encinane Gyumri wabamba yokuvulwa lesikhumbuzo, zakhiwe luluntu. Yayibizwa ngokuba "ngamaxhoba amsulwa, iintliziyo besisa" lanikezelwa onke amaxhoba abaye ubunzima Spitak 12.07.1988.