Owasungula le ndlela cathartic of Unyango Breyer Yozef: engobomi, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Breyer Yozef - an ugqirha Australia womuntu, leyo uSigmund Freud nabanye baye ngokuba nguyise psychoanalysis. Wakwazi bayiphilise imilwelwe ukusuka iimpawu fane emva kokuba hypnotized ukumnceda ukukhumbula imiba ezingentle elidlulileyo. Wathetha indlela yakhe iziphumo uSigmund Freud, waza wamnika izigulane zabo.

Yozef Breyer: biography

Wazalwa ngomhla 01.15.1842 eVienna waza wafela khona 20/06/1925. Uyise Yozefa Leopold (1791-1872) waba uprofesa wenkolo abaqeshwe luluntu Viennese yamaYuda. Breuer wayichaza ngokuthi 'isizukulwana East European amaYuda, lowo ubefike kuqala ngaphandle xian enomgangatho ophezulu emoyeni yehlabathi Koloni. "

Umama wakhe wasweleka xa ndandineminyaka emine, kunye minyaka yokuqala yobomi Breyer Yozef wachitha kunye nomakhulu wakhe. Wandifundisayo uBawo ukuba esibhozo, waza wangena Academic Gymnasium e Vienna, abaphumeleleyo ngo 1858. Kunyaka olandelayo, emva kokuphumelela ikhosi imfundo University, Yozef Breyer waya kwisikolo sezonyango kwiYunivesithi yase Vienna iziqu baqeqeshwa ngo-1867. Kulo nyaka, ngoko nangoko emva koviwo, waba umncedisi ugqirha uJohann Oppolzer. Xa wafa 1871, Breuer waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe abucala.

Best udokotela Vienna

Ngowe-1875, Breuer waba umncedisi unjingalwazi unyango. Wayishiya post yakhe ngoJulayi 7, 1885, njengoko walelwa ukufikelela isigulane kunye neenjongo yokufunda. Kwakhona bala ukuba ugqirha Billroth zityumbe ngenxa isihloko uprofesa. ubuhlobo balo esisemthethweni kwicandelo zonyango baba bumuncu kangaka.

Kwangaxeshanye, Breuer kuye kwaqatshelwa njengezinye koogqirha zibhetele izazinzulu eVienna. Lo msebenzi waba nomdla omkhulu, yaye nangona kanye ngokuba yena i "umsebenzi jikelele", waba yintoni namhlanje kuthiwa therapist. Ezinye ingcamango isidima Breuer anganika into yokuba kwakukho oonjingalwazi ezininzi Medical Faculty, kwakunye uSigmund Freud kunye Prime Minister of Hungary phakathi izigulane zakhe. Ngowe-1894 wonyulwa ukuba Vienna Academy of Sciences, ngesiphakamiso lamalungu ayo ezigqamileyo, yamachiza Ernsta Maha kunye physiologists Evalda Geringa kunye uSigmund Exner.

impilo Personal

May 20, 1868 Breyer Yozef watshata Matilda Altmann, wamzalela abantwana abahlanu: Robert, Bertha Hammershlyag Margaret Schiff, Hans noDora. intombi Breuer xa noDora wazibulala, engafuni ukuba sibanjwe ngamaNazi. Wabulala umzukulwana wakhe uHana Breuer Schiff. Ezinye inzala yakhe bahlala eNgilani, Canada nase-United States.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Breyer Yozef wafunda amayeza e Vienna waza wafumana iziqu zakhe ngo 1864. Wafunda amalungu ka thermoregulation kunye nokuphefumla (Hering-Breuer reflex). Ngo-1871 waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe eVienna. Ngelo xesha linye kuqhutywa uphando umsebenzi sendlebe yangaphakathi (Mach-Breuer imfundiso ukuhamba kolwelo endolymphatic). Ukuba ongugqirha 1874, wabuyela izifundo zakhe ngo 1884.

Breuer wayengumhlobo ugqirha usapho kunye amanye amalungu Ootitshala College of Vienna kunye noluntu ephakamileyo ikomkhulu likaThixo. Wagcina uhambelwano kunye namagcisa, ababhali, iingcali zefilosofi, iisayikholojisti kunye nabalingane entsimini yakho, yaye ngowe-1894 wonyulwa esihambelanayo ilungu Academy of Sciences.

ngumgwebi Kakuhle bulumko, Breyer Yozef wayenomdla kwithiyori yolwazi kunye nemiqathango iziseko kaDarwin, nto ingqinwa inxaxheba yakhe kwinkomfa ngo-1902 kwaye utshintshiselwano iileta Franz von Brentano. Waye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo malunga iziseko kwezopolitiko abaci, kwakunye ngezinto zobugcisa, uncwadi kunye nomculo.

Njengoko umYuda bakhanyiselwa, yayingeyonxalenye, wathabatha uhlobo pantheism, baye bathatha phezu Goethe kunye Gustav Teodora Fehnera. simiso ayithanda uthi Spinoza Suum esse conservare ( «Gcina ukuba khona"). Yena wehlelwa yi luhlobo ukuthandabuza, kulandela William Makepeace Thackeray, "idemon 'kodwa' ukuba kwanyanzeleka ukuba kumbuzo naluphi na ulwazi ezitsha ezizuziweyo. Ngenxa ulwazi olunzulu ngembali ngezimvo, imbali kweemeko zentlalo nezopolitiko ngexesha lakhe, kwakunye ngezizathu ezinxulumene ebomini bakhe, wayekholelwa ukuba kunzima ukuthatha amanyathelo ezingaqondakaliyo.

Isiseko yophononongo ku Breuer xa amalungu ukufumana ubudlelwane phakathi isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibonisa uhlobo teleological yesicelo. Wayenomdla kwinkqubo yolawulo ngohlobo neendlela ukuzibamba. Ngokungafaniyo eziliqela physiologists kwi ebizwa ngokuba yi-biofizikalistov intshukumo, iphefumlelwe Ernst Brücke, kaHermann von Helmholtz abese Dunoon Bois-Reymond, Breuer bakholwa neo-vitalism.

ekuqaleni psychoanalysis

Kwiminyaka 1880-1882 yena ephatha isigulane oselula Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.), ngubani wehlelwa ukukhohlela luvo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezininzi Ityhwatyhwa (utshintsho kwimo, utshintsho kwiimo ezingqondweni, ukuphazamiseka ezibonwayo, ukukhubazeka nokuxutha, aphasia). Ngexesha ezinde ugqirha kunye nabadlali bakhe babona ukuba ezinye ezi mpawu zesi sifo wanyamalala lapho iinkumbulo ukubonakaliswa wabo wokuqala, yaye kwenzeka ukuba ngokutsha ezinxulumene kuchaphazela zibuyisiwe. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha elithile kumazwe ezikhululekileyo avtogipnoticheskih. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ngokuqwalasela, ekuqaleni-ndenzile, ugqirha nomonde ukuba ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ngendlela apho iimpawu ngamnye ngcembe wakhumbula oda reverse ngokulandelelana de nyamalala emva enomfanekiso epheleleyo indawo yokuqala. Ngamaxesha therapy kusetyenziswa ngomlingo ngumntu, ukuba isigulane wayengekho kwimo self-hypnosis.

Ngexesha unyango efunekayo yokuhlala isigxina ekliniki Anna O. kufuphi Vienna ngenxa nengozi yokuba isigulane ukuzibulala. Ngaphandle ezicacileyo kunye nempumelelo esingalindelekanga ndlela, ezinye iziphiwo sifo wahlala. Oku kuquka bayilibalayo ulwimi lwabo okwethutyana lweenkobe kunye neuralgia eyomeleleyo trigeminal, nto leyo efunekayo unyango kunye icaffeine umkhuba. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, Breuer kudluliselwe unyango olunye ukuya kugqirha Lyudvigu Binsvangeru e Bellevue sibhedlela Kreuzlingen ngoJulayi 1882. Yena esibhedlele ngo-Oktobha, ukuphucula, kodwa hayi sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo.

Ukusebenzisana ne Freud

Ngowe-1882, Breyer Yozef kuxoxwa ngasentla amatyala kunye neqabane lakhe uSigmund Freud, owayeneminyaka eli-14 junior yakhe. Emva kokuba yokugqibela yaqala luvo ukusebenza, apho wabavavanya le ndlela izigulane zabo. Ngokusekelwe kwithiyori Charcot, uPierre uVuyiswa, Mobius, Ippolita Bernhayma nabanye, ukuba ngokuhlangeneyo iphuhlise isiseko theoretical component ukusebenza izixhobo izangoma kunye neenkqubo zonyango, leyo kuthiwa "indlela umsindo," ibhekisela iingcamango Aristotle malunga umsebenzi yintlekele (umsindo njenge kungengokwentlambululo yendawo iimvakalelo abaphulaphuli ).

Ngowe-1893, bapapasha ingxelo lokuqala "Kwi indlela psychical of iziganeko wayevele". Kwiminyaka emibini kamva oko kwalandelwa "Studies kwi fane", "lembombo lilitye psychoanalysis", wazibeka iziseko kummandla zengqondo. Eli phepha isahluko enikelwe kwithiyori (Breyer), omnye unyango abazinikeleyo (Freud), kunye iimbali icala ezintlanu (Anna O., Emmy von N., uKatarina, uLucy R., von Elizabeth R.).

Care of psychoanalysis

Freud waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa ithiyori ubuchule xa besebenza kunye Breuer (nezifo zokuzikhusela, mahala lombutho). Josef akazange asibone imfuno accentuation kuphela yeemeko ngokwesondo kunye noogxa bakhe aba, bakuwubona umqondiso isilumkiso looding. Ngowe-1895, umgama phakathi kwabo landa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekupheleni intsebenziswano yabo.

Ukuqhubeka ukubonisa umdla kuphuhliso kwethiyori psychoanalytic, indlela cathartic Breyer Yozef wawisa. kamva Freud wacebisa hypothesis ukuba unyango lwe Anna O. yaphazamiseka zivele ngenxa kokufuduswa eyomeleleyo inkanuko, kulandele ukukhulelwa Ityhwatyhwa zokubeleka. Le nguqulelo lwe iziganeko ngokutsha yi Freud kunye Ernest Jones eqhelekileyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, abakwazi ukumelana ngeso zembali. iinzame Okuninzi kutshanje ukubonisa ukuba inkcazelo kwimeko Anna O. yaba ubuqhetseba, izibakala azikhange backed up.

ubuntu enemisebenzi

Yozef Breyer wayenobubele kunye ezininzi zizifundiswa aqaqambe ixesha lakhe. Yena waqhuba imbalelwano elide kunye Brentano, waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni wembongi Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach kunye nabahlobo kunye Mach, omzalayo athi adibane ngexesha izifundo kwindlebe engaphakathi. uluvo Breuer ngayo kwimibuzo zoncwadi kwaye bulumko, kuyabonakala ukuba, bafumana intlonelo ngokubanzi. Breyer wathetha iilwimi ezininzi, umzekelo, unyango Anna O. ixesha elide lwaqhutywa IsiNgesi. Uluhlu kunye nobunzulu iimfanelo zakhe yenkcubeko ibe engaqhelekanga nje kwaye kubalulekile, kwakunye impumelelo yayo kwezempilo nezesayensi.

Yozef Breyer: anika umdla

• Emva kokuba isiguli sakhe Anne G. wambumba tinyiketela koko, bephethe uhlobo ngokukhawuleza ngesondo, umsebenzi Breyer Yozef e Unyango, efuna qhagamshelana ngqo nezigulane yasiwa Freud kaThixo.
• Breuer wafumanisa ukuba iimpawu bangonwabi kuvela ngenxa yeenkqubo ienjini, uhambe xa siqaphela.
• impumelelo Zigmund Freyd e Unyango kufuneka Breuer, ngubani wamazisa yophando lwakhe, waza wamnika izigulane zabo.
• Ngo-1868, uYesu wachaza reflex Hering-Breuer, ngubani obandakanyeka ukulawula inhalation yaye bephefumla ngexesha ephefumla.
• Ngowe-1873 Breuer wavula umsebenzi oluvo le omise misele ingamathambo mibono kwindlebe engaphakathi yaye ulwalamano lwabo kunye kuqhelaniswa isithuba, kwaye ngemvo eseleyo.
• Xa nokuthanda kwakhe, wavakalisa umnqweno wakhe kwesidumbu, kwaze kwenzeka.