Le polymerization asabela

Iipholima - zithako leyo ube nelitye eliphezulu beemolekyuli efikelela amawaka eziliqela leeyunithi. Le polymerization abasabela ngayo sisiseko izinto mihla abafumana umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neepropati. Baba ezixineneyo sityhafile ixesha elide kakhulu, nako ukuze athambise xa itshiswa ngokulula siwele ekubunjweni, nto leyo evumela ukufumana iimveliso loyilo kunye nobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi Iipholima ke egalelwe bume ze bako, ilifa iimpawu zokwambathisa zombane kwaye akafuni ezinokudla. Ngenxa kwiipropati yayo eyodwa, oko kube lula ilungiswa kwinqanaba le njini, ukusetyenziswa izinto mihla polymeric esoloko ukwandisa.

Xa amalahle kunye Ukupholisa imveliso kwimveliso wemichiza baziphathe ngeendlela ezimbini.

Abanye athambise xa itshiswa lukhuni xa zipholile kwakhona. izinto ezinjalo ziquka iimveliso ukulungiselela esekelwe edulusele, umzekelo, i-polymerization indlela alkenes, ngamanye amazwi, polyethylene kunye ezinepolypropylene. Bebizwa izinto thermoplastic. Kuye iipropati efanayo Polyvinyl chloride kunye ezinepolisterini.

Iipholima lolunye uhlobo inokuba kufudunyezwe kanye kuphela, ekubeni lukhuni emva lungapholi kwaye musa bazithambise phantsi ukufudumeza. Ezi zinto kuthiwa thermosetting, ziquka phenol-formaldehyde okanye nentlaka urea-formaldehyde. Thermoplastics kunye thermosets banamalungelo zabo. Okokuqala eziveliswa ifomu granular. Kubo, emva ubilisa kwaye okuthambisa izinto ezilungiselelwe nayiphi na imilo, kodwa azikwazi kufudunyezwe ngexesha lokusebenza. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe yaveliswa njengoko enobunzima gummy.

ethylene polymerization yokusabela angabhalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: CH2 = CH2 → (-CH2-CH2-) n. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, xa kukho umqalisi (abayikhethayo igesi oxygen okanye isisombululo organic peroxide ioli) lwenzeka phakathi athom carbon umsantsa π-tie (kungenjalo ibhondi kabini) kunye nambaxa phakathi n-Nogo inani radicals ezamahala kwakhiwa. Le polymerization reaction wabe yi indlela chain olukhulu. Ubunzima molekyuli ngayo izinto Polymer kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi-manani n, kunye waso ikhula. Ngokulungisa imiqathango indlela polymerization, lo kuyondelelaniswe mqhubi polyethylene ikwazile ukufumana izinto kunye iipropati ezinqwenelekayo: fluidity (okanye zinyibilike index), amandla, ukuxinana, Heating ilahleko ilayini ezibambanayo kodwa azikweli, ukusoloko Heating, kunye nabanye.

Yindibanisela polyethylene ephezulu koxinzelelo okanye indlela polymerization oluqhutywa zamandla esisodwa okanye tubular kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya ku 300 ° C kwakunye noxinzelelo ka 1000 ukuya 3000 ATM. Oku yamkhulula omkhulu ubushushu. Luthe lwancothulwa ngamanzi ashushu onikezelwa ukuya ibhatyi reactor. Ubungakanani msulwa ezinikwe ukufudumeza ukususa yamanzi kuxhomekeke kakhulu umgangatho polymeric eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo nokhuseleko. Ukuba amanzi kakubi icociwe kwaye iqulathe ubumdaka ezininzi (umz, iityuwa lukhuni njengoko calcium nezinki iyatshi-, anions silicic acid, chlorine, njalo-njalo), reactor ibhatyi i iidiphozithi kwakhiwa okanye wentsimbi uqalisa ezinokudla. Ngenxa yotshintsho reactor eludongeni ubukhulu melelo wokuzibhubhisa ubushushu kuyo kumphezulu wayo uba obungalinganiyo, yaye amaqondo obushushu neemeko polymerization libe esingaphathekiyo. Kunye nokwanda okukhulu lobushushu igcwala zeNkcazo Polymer zingenzeka okanye yokubola kunye ekutshatyalalisweni reactor.

Le polymerization reaction, ngenxa apho polyethylene kwakhiwa, ungakwazi ukuthatha indawo kubushushu aphantsi kunye noxinzelelo. Kodwa ifuna kuvala. Abaqulathe ethylene unreacted, nto leyo ke ezahlulwe kwaye pelletized le Polymer, lo polyethylene ekhutshwe phantsi koxinzelelo ephantsi, esi sisihlandlo sokugqibela le reactor ibe ngumgubo, okanye mandithi ukunqunyanyiswa kwindawo ezizizembiwa kwisinyibilkisi ukuba polyethylene ukunyuka koxinzelelo ukusuka reactor njenge zokuphuma anyibilike. Le umgubo wahlukana isinyibilikisi kunye ubumdaka ahlambe ukusuka kuvala, uze granulated kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa ebizwa extruder.

Ngenxa yoko, basabela polymerization ethylene kushishino ezisetyenziselwa Yindibanisela polyethylene. GOST 16338-85 ukuvelisa ephantsi-ingcinezelo polyethylene oluludaka kunye namanqaku phase negesi, njengako GOST 16337-77 njengabayekisiweyo njenge oluphezulu koxinzelelo polyethylene esisodwa okanye izitampu tubular.