Meritocracy - nto ... Yintoni na meritocracy. Umgaqo meritocracy

Iimpendulo lo mbuzo, "Yintoni na meritocracy?". isincoko Satirical osihloko sithi "The Rise of Meritocracy: 1870-2033", eyapapashwa ngo-1958, ziphawulwe ukuzalwa kwi ingcinga yezopolitiko ingcamango entsha. Meritocracy - it "kulawula befanelekile." Le ncwadi, epapashwa Maykl Yang, sezopolitiko waseBritani kunye ngezentlalo, ekwimo-ngqangi, kusithiwa yabhalwa ngowe-2033, ubalisa ibali inguqu Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 20-21 oluntu yaseBritani.

Isishwankathelo ethi 'The Rise of the Meritocracy: 1870-2033 "M. Young

Endaweni ukwahlulwa classic kwiiklasi apho ukucacisa indawo kwiqela elinegunya wezentlalo owenziwayo ubukho bomntu kulo kwezibonelelo ezithile (unxibelelwano, ubutyebi, imvelaphi, njalo njalo. D.), Yinto inkqubo entsha yoluntu apho kuphela ingqondo kwaye ukukwazi ukufumanisa imeko yomntu ngamnye kuyo. Britain Uyekile ukubamba nabalawulayo abunjwe kungekhona ngenxa yengqibelelo.

Ngenxa kuphuculo yaqaliswa meritocracy - kwinkqubo yolawulo abantu befanelekile. Isidima somntu (merit) Ngaloo ndlela ichazwe indibaniselwano izinto ezimbini - amandla mali (iinzame) kunye nobukrelekrele (IQ).

Nophuhliso loluntu kule 1990, ngokutsho Young

Ngu-1990, lo meritocracy nabalawulayo banawo bonke abantu abadala, oluthe lwagqitha IQ 125. Ukuba nako ngaphambili ukuba abantu abanetalente bangadibana kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo sabaphathi kuluntu yaye ngokufuthi babe ngababusi kwiqela zabo zentlalo okanye udidi, kodwa ngoku inkqubo yolawulo kwakuba eyodwa elite ngokwasengqondweni. Abo, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, baba ezantsi, ndandingenasizathu ngokusilela xa ihamba phezulu leri zentlalo, njengokuba ngaphambili, xa usetyenziswa imigaqo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zolawulo. Ba, ngokutsho isakhiwo esitsha oluntu, esifanelwe yobume esezantsi njengoko abantu abaninzi bayakwazi bafanele ukuba babe phaya phezulu kuluhlu lwentlalo. Yiloo nto meritocracy.

Ukuvukela ngo 2033

Abameli Ingxenye zentlalo 2033 nawuphikisa ngenkxaso le-Elite sigqibo, befuna uluntu Linokubakho kunye nokulingana. Babefuna ukuvala umgaqo meritocracy. Umgangatho wokuphila kunye namalungelo abantu kufuneka imiselwe ngokulinganisa inqanaba lemfundo yabo nobukrelekrele, bathi abo bavukeli. Nabani kufuneka bakwazi ukulawula ubomi babo ngokuzimeleyo. A meritocracy - ukuba amandla, zinciphise ithuba. Ngenxa yoko, imvukelo yakhe yafikelela esiphelweni e-UK.

Injongo yale ncwadi Michael Young

Ukuzoba umfanekiso kunokuba limfiliba of meritocracy, ngesiphumo eyayiza kuba uhlobo olutsha lulongamo kwezinye phezu kwabanye, kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo, Maykl Yang ubeke usukelo iyasilumkisa ingozi umda ekujoliswe yoluntu yaseBritani. Wakwazi ukubonisa ukuba xa befuna inkqubela, wenze ixabiso ebalulekileyo ingqondo ulahlekelwa kulo mgaqo humanistic, ubuntu.

isisihla Omuhle meritocracy

Noko ke, akuzange kuviwe isilumkiso Young. Umxholo we "meritocracy" iikhonsepthi (ulawulo yi-, basenzi ofundileyo afanelekileyo abakrelekrele kakhulu) iye igcinwe. Noko ke, igama elithi ngaloo wafumana umbala omhle. amazwe amaninzi aye afuna meritocracy, eSingapore ukuya UK. Ngelo xesha linye kuye wenza njengoko igcinwe yokugquma umyalelo izinto, ekhoyo kunye nokomeleza ngenxa nkqubo zeniyo-melo.

"Ufanele yeBhodi '

Ukuchonga uluntu isixhobo enjalo apho zizifundiswa wayisa ibhodi, Maykl Yang iqalise igama elitsha - "ibhodi ofanele". isidima iikhrayitheriya ezichazwe amaxabiso ebhudla eluntwini. Eneneni, njengoko kuqatshelwe yi Amartya Sen, oko isalamane, kungekhona ingcamango epheleleyo. Ubiza meritocracy ukuza kwamandla abantu abafundileyo kakhulu kwaye nabakwaziyo, Maykl Yang kule kota kubonakala amanani ezikhoyo eluntwini. Esisebenza ngayo ngokungqalileyo nokuthi zabo, ukuzoba umsebenzi wakhe 'nibufanele ubukumkani' ngendlela embi. Enyanisweni, meritocracy - uhlobo isixhobo yoluntu postindustrial, utsho uDaniel Bell, nomxhasi wakhe. baye Ulwazi kunye nobukrelekrele, Noko ke, ixabiso engundoqo, kudala ngaphambi kokufika uluntu lwazi.

Okwakufudula kusenzeka Age wokukhanya

Free evela izithethe kunye ikhethe bengqondo, ayiphelelanga nto ekufuneni ulwazi, ukusukela inkqubela rationalism - enye engundoqo, okanye mhlawumbi ilifa ibalulekileyo ukuba usinike Age wokukhanya. Zobulumko eli xesha, ukuqhekeza kunye neenqobo zemveli, elikhankanyiweyo isakhelo esitsha ye self-determination nokuqondwa yehlabathi engabantu. It is nokufuna ukukhula okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olutsha inokufumaneka enye eziseko ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ukungabi meritocracy.

Unxibelelwano kwingqikelelo meritocracy, ukusebenza kunye nemveliso

Development endleleni inkqubela ulawulo ngesizathu ukuchaza isidima sobuntu ezisisiseko ngaphakathi sikhokelo amaxabiso uluntu lubalaseleyo - ukukwazi igalelo inkqubela ngokubanzi negalelo. Last wayeza kuba mkhulu kuphela xa yonke into aya kuba abantu abaninzi afanelekileyo, eyona onguwabo. Ingcamango meritocracy ngokusondeleyo inxulumene kwingqikelelo ngobuchule kunye nemveliso. Ngokukodwa, umnqweno ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza liphezulu, imveliso zomntu ngamnye othatha isigxina rationalism ye yiEnlightenment iingcambu zawo, inika isiseko kakhulu-high speed inkqubela kwindlela inkqubela.

Kuthathwa ukuba kule nkcazelo imvelaphi ye meritocracy njengoko isakhiwo esibonakalayo yoluntu. Kuphela abo bakwaziyo ukufikelela impumelelo enkulu, ucikizeko, uninzi ukukhula, yaye kufuneka ibe phezulu kuluhlu lwentlalo. Lawula kuphela bafuna anekhono kunazo, kamsinya nje bakuba azivale omnye kwicala inkqubela. Oku kuluntu lwanamhlanje ukuba semthethweni meritocracy.

Ingcingane Plato kunye Confucius

uhlobo lombutho karhulumente apho amandla ngawakhe zizifundiswa, bachazwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba Maykl Yang eyaqamba ibinzana elithi "meritocracy". Ngokomzekelo, uPlato wathi ulawulo urhulumente kufuneka unikwe zobulumko. Xa iimfundiso zakhe, Confucius bashumayela imfuneko samandla izifundiswa abalawuli. Zombini icengceleza ukufuna ulwazi kunye nokuqonda, kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu yawona ze yiEnlightenment, elube lufuna bakhuthazwa zobulumko zamandulo.

Noko ke, ukufumana ulwazi kunye nesizathu abazange UConfucius Plato ezizimeleyo ukuzixabisa phenomenon,. Bathi enxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwingqikelelo okulungileyo kunye nesidima eqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye imigaqo esisiseko iimfundiso Confucius - "jen", emele uvelwano, ububele, ubuntu.

Confucius, njengoko lweli yemfundo jikelele, kuqondwa ubunye iinkqubo ezimbini: uqeqesho kunye nemfundo. Owesibini ngexesha elifanayo wabelwa indima enkulu. Ukwenza nzulu ngezinto ingqalelo ukukhula ngokomoya bomntu, yivusa kufutshane ifanelekileyo "Junjie" (bendoda enesidima, ngubani na umnini umlinganiswa ephakamileyo yokuziphatha).

Kutheni meritocracy - eli lungiselelo sikweni?

Maykl Yang emsebenzini wakhe uthetha kanye ukuba inkcazo ubuchule bokuyila nawoshicilelo kunye nobukrelekrele njengoko amaxabiso elibalaseleyo, eyinxenye ye lukhuphiswano meritocratic yoluntu mihla ithatha bonke abanye, esintwini ethile, ukulingana, ubumbano, nemfesane.

Daniel Bell, Njengomhlaziyi yoluntu post-mveliso, kwakunye nabanye abaxhasi "ngukumkani ofanele" ibango ukuba ubani ufumana indawo, leyo ke efunyenwe kuluntu meritocratic. Ngokungafaniyo egalitarianism, nto leyo emele ukulingana iziphumo ekupheleni kogqatso, meritocracy ekhuthaza ukulingana ithuba ekuqaleni. Ngoko ke, nguye unit nzwakazindini yoluntu. Maykl Yang ikholelwa ukuba ndlela kuboniswe ngayo iintsilelo imilinganiselo. Uthi ukuba umntu ngamnye kufuneka ahlonitshwe kuba lihle kuwo. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka mazingapheleli ngokwamandla akhe, neenkonzo zobuntlola.

Kwisincoko, Michael Young imanifesto abantu bavukela meritocracy, uthi abantu kufuneka ukuba ivandlakanywe kuphela ngokwemigaqo zemfundo kunye nobuchule bengqondo, kodwa ezinye iimpawu: isibindi nobubele, ubuntununtunu kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni, isisa kunye nesakhono ukuze uqonde. Xa enjalo uluntu akunakutshiwo ukuba mnyango wamwisela umthetho, nto leyo ubawo elihle uye inzuzo ngaphantsi kwe-nzulu; kunye umkhonzi yoluntu kubhetele zikhule roses trucker.

Meritocracy - lungamandla, ngokusekelwe ukwalela ukubaluleka zonke ezi mpawu. Ukongeza, esisebenza ngayo njengoko igcinwe apho kwimbumba yamanyama akukho ndawo. Oku kusekelwe yokhuphiswano: ukufumana iwonga ekuhlaleni ophezulu kunye nomgangatho wobomi umntu umele gqolo ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezibukwayo nabanye kuzo. Ngoko ke, iingcambu meritocracy - hayi ngendlela ehlangeneyo kunye ekuqaleni ngamnye. Ngale ndlela ke kubonakala esondele capitalism ideology nokhuphiswano layo, imfuneko yokuba ukukhula okuqhubekayo ukugcina isikhundla phambili.

Xa umoya capitalism, meritocracy aluhambisani nengcamango yamanyama. Kai Nielsen,-sobulumko waseKhanada, wathi kwinqanaba esisiseko kuluntu nabuntu. xa abantu ngokungenabuntu akhuphisana rhoqo enye kwenye phantse kuzo zonke iindawo, ngaloo ndlela zihlala zivandlakanywa rhoqo, iyalungisa, reytingirovaniyu ngaphakathi umnqweno soluntu abanemveliso, kunye nokusebenza enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, meritocracy - isixokelelwano ukuba siyitshabalalise iziseko yamanyama kunye nobuzalwana, phantsi uzive ubandakanyeka emphakathini wabantu olunye.

Noko ke, ukulinganiselwa imilinganiselo - nje enye yeengxaki yoluntu zale mihla meritocracy, nangona ukuphumeza eli ideology ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuzibiza ngayo. Young, bagxeke le nkqubo yolawulo nayo isebenza ekugxekeni ukungalingani kwezentlalo ngenxa isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya. Ukube, usamile postulate kant xa umntu usukelo ngokwayo, ukuba sesona siza esingundoqo ubukho ukongama abantu omnye ngaphezu komnye ayikho ntoni. A meritocracy - igunya esekelwe ungcono.