Ubunzima Ezinto: kakuhle kwizalathisi kwemichiza, iindlela ukuzimisela

Ubunzima molekyuli yi ubunzima zonke athom eziqulethwe molecule eyahlukeneyo. Esi salathisi lubonakaliswa amu (Iiyunithi mass Atomic).

Le maxa wambi imichiza Ixabiso ibalwa ngeekhilogram. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oku iphindwe 1.66057 * 10 ^-27. Le nombolo 1 amu mass elivumelana 1/12 ubunzima atom omnye nuclide ¹² C. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe ubunzima isalamane eziphilayo, nto leyo ubunzima ratio molecule ye ubunzima omnye unit atomic.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eli nani liya kunceda isenza ubunzima zinemoletyhule zonke izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo eyenza ehambelana imichiza compound.

Icandelo Imali kokukhulu wenkqu, ekuthiwa "Mol" naliphi na inani rhoqo amasuntswana - athom okanye molekyuli, ovela okanye ion ngababini. Esi sixa-6.022 * 10 ²³ (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Avogadro njalo). Ukuze ufumane ubunzima isalamane eziphilayo, ubunzima molekyuli kufuneka liphindaphindwe inani ulahlule imveliso Avogadro rhoqo ubunzima omnye unit atomic.

Njengoko kumiselwe yi ubunzima beemolekyuli ukwimo?

Indlela elula ukukhangela le iparameter ukuba usebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo, njengoko apho compound ubunzima kuyimfuneko lahlulwe ngenani yayo.

Ukuba siyazi ifomula eekhemikhali a compound ubunzima ogama ezinto ngokulula uzimisele nge lwezakhi, ngenxa yokuba, eli xabiso iboniswe ngento nganye ehambisana nenombolo yayo ngokokuma kwento. Kwanele ukufumana inani weight beemolekyuli onke amacandelo zo xhulumaniso.

Ngokutsho komthetho Avogadro kaThixo, xa umthamo ofanayo yeegesi eziqulethwe inani elifanayo amasuntswana eziphilayo. Ngenxa kweepateni ezinjalo Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation kususelwe. isiphumlisi irhasi kumiselwa usebenzisa ifomula. Kuba ubalo kufuneka ukwazi eninzi lwezibonisi - Ubunzima iziyobisi, njalo jikelele igesi, ubushushu e Kelvin, kwaye xi Pascals kunye ivolyum ^m-3. Ngenxa kule inani iimpazamo data kwi ukubalwa ubuncinane, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lenxaki ka Mendeleev-Clapeyron esebenzayo kuphela izinto sukube.

Ubunzima molekyuli of iikhompawundi aziphethe ngayo kumiselwa spectrometry ubunzima okanye chromatography igesi usebenzisa iintsimbi igesi Martin. Ixabiso avareji eli index yeziveliso polymeric abanesidanga polymerization aphezulu kubalwa ngokususela kwiimpawu zazo rheological neempawu izisombululo zazo (umz, viscosity, okanye ukukhanya ukusasazeka ubuchule).

Ukuze ubone yeyiphi ubunzima eziphilayo?

Ixabiso wokwamanani yale ubuninzi kusetyenziswa ukuchonga khompawundi ezahlukeneyo imichiza kunye nokuchonga nucleotides ngamnye kweziyobisi uvavanyo. Ngaphandle isibonisi yemichiza idla kumiselwa ukuhlola kunye Yindibanisela iikhompawundi macromolecular, ezizezi iipropati zixhomekeke kule parameter.