Inkqubo yegazi kunye nokuphefumla in ezincancisayo. Imizimba kusekwe inkqubo yokujikeleza ezincancisayo

Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela inkqubo yokujikeleza ezincancisayo, amacandelo zayo neempawu lokusebenza. Ngokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo kubalulekile. Le exchange umthambo igesi, uthutho kwezondlo, ukuyilwa sifo nokugcina homeostasis. Ngenxa awohluke yendlela kunokwenzeka imisebenzi ezintsonkothileyo?

Ngoobani ezanyisayo

Ezanyisayo eziliqela iimpawu lwenkqubo. Okokuqala, ukuba ubisi kokuba inkomo izele, nto leyo ekhutshwa ngamadlala ezikhethekileyo ze nabasetyhini. Zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo babe imilenze ukuthi ibekwe phantsi umzimba, yaye neenwele, hlale ukutshintsha ngexesha kuhluma. Kwezi izilwanyana ulusu iqulethe ubisi nje kuphela, kodwa ukubila, amadlala sebaceous kunye odorous. Ezincancisayo ezi eziphilayo ezinegazi elishushu kuphela, enika iimpawu lo kwegazi.

Ubume kwegazi ku ezanyisayo

Iimpawu eziphambili zale isakhiwo kwenkqubo yokujikeleza phakathi lomqolo kufuneka abameli eyile ezanyisayo Class. Oku kubandakanya intliziyo-zawo ezine, kunye sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo kwemithambo yegazi. umsebenzi wayo uyakwazi ukwenza igazi ngenxa intshukumo okuqhubekayo. Ngoko ke imizimba kusekwe inkqubo yokujikeleza e ezanyisayo, ikakhulu ezenziwa kwezihlunu kwezihlunu. Kwaye intliziyo akukho ngaphandle.

Le ilungu umngxuma dystrophy eziquka yokwayama ezine: imithambo emibini kunye ventricles. Ezi ziqendu ezahlulwe umnqongo ugqibezele kwaziswa ngokusebenzisa semigudu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, lwemithambo kunye negazi esimbaxa asiyixubi ukuba kunye oluphuculweyo ezisebenza thermoregulation ikhokelela ezanyisayo-ezinegazi shushu.

Yintoni imfudumalo-bloodedness

Ebizwa izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu, nto leyo komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni ukusuka kokusingqongileyo. Kweli qela bangamalungu iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kuquka umntu. Kutheni ezinye izilwanyana musa le datha uphawu okuqhubekayo? Yonke le nto kweli isakhiwo kwentliziyo. Cinga lo mbuzo ngokuthelekisa abameli kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ngendlela. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokujikeleza yezilwanyana kunye izirhubuluzi uye umahluko omkhulu. Heart yokugqibela ibandakanya zamagumbi endawo ezintathu, phakathi apho kukho isahlulelo ezingaphelelanga. Oku ngokuyinxalenye kuphela kuthintela indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo igazi lwemithambo kunye umfutho. Ngoko ke, zonke izinto ezirhubuluzayo - zinegazi elibandayo uze ukhathazeke ebusika ezantsi imizimba amanzi, umhlaba kunye nakwezinye iindawo zokufihla intloko.

kwegazi Two

inkqubo Mammalian kwegazi yaye yakha migqomo. Ngokutsho kwakhe ukuhamba kwegazi kwenzeka. Kuyo intliziyo kuphuma Umthambo, ukuba likhulu lo kuthiwa aorta. Bathi ngoko lwamasebe noko benjalo, badlule kungena emithanjeni. Zizo ezi izinto ezincinane. network Capillary buthathwa venules. Baya ngekuba ubukhulu. Ekubeni kwakha imithambo igazi entliziyweni.

Inkqubo yegazi of ezanyisayo, iintlobo ezimbini kwegazi. Small udlula kuphela emiphungeni. Iqala kwi ventricle ekunene kwaye ithwala igazi ngenxa yegazi, emithanjeni ngemithambo yomzimba ukuya intendelezo ngasekhohlo. Ngenxa yoko, i-oksijini umoya equlethwe emiphungeni, igazi lingena carbon dioxide - kwicala elahlukileyo. kwegazi iqala ventricle yasekhohlo kunye acandacanda iimpahla onke amalungu aloo mzimba mnye, uthwala igazi intendelezo ekunene.

ukwakheka igazi

Inkqubo yegazi ezincancisayo ababanga nako ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ngaphandle inyama ekhethekileyo ulwelo atyhutyhela kule olujikeleza. Ibizwa ngokuba igazi. Isiseko sale laphu akuphela kwento intercellular - plasma. Kukho iindidi ezintathu izinto ukusekwa, nganye yenze nemisebenzi yayo. Wokuthunyelwa plasma kwinyama ukuba amalungu ndiyenza iimveliso ekupheleni pathways neencindi kwemfuneko kunye neetyuwa. Ekubeni isiseko igazi amanzi ukuba umthamo omkhulu ubushushu, oluyigcinayo lobushushu emzimbeni ezinzileyo ezincancisayo.

exchange igesi Erythrocytes ikhutshwa phandle ngokuthutha oksijini carbon dioxide. Ezi seli ubhebhethe umbala obomvu igazi, kuba ziqulathe yentsimbi. Leukocytes kwasekwa eziphilayo nezifo. Bona kugaywe amasuntswana intracellularly amazwe yi phagocytosis. Zegazi zinika inkqubo igazi ekunqandeni. Le nkqubo imichiza entsonkothileyo lokuguqula protein insolubilization. Ngokwenza lo mzimba biyela ukulahleka kwegazi. Kodwa kuyo yonke le misebenzi ibalulekileyo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umsebenzi iyonke lwezo mpahla iiseli, intliziyo kunye negazi.

Iimpawu ze isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

isimiso ezincancisayo inxulunyaniswa anatomically onemfundo kunye zemiphunga. Le yokugqibela imelwe ezanyisayo ngeendlela anomoya kunye nemiphunga. Eyokuqala ibandakanya kuthotho enxulumene umngxuma ngeempumlo, nasopharynx, kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi ezimbini. aba bahamba kunye nokukhanya, eziquka inani elikhulu amaqamza ngokupheleleyo - alveoli, zithi shinyi, kunye womnatha oxineneyo kwimikhumbi capillary. Kungenxa exchange igesi alveoli kwenzeka. Uphefumla ezanyisayo - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Xa ukuphunyezwa yayo ibandakanya izihlunu intercostal, udonga esiswini kunye uvalo.

Ukuzalana iinkqubo yokujikeleza kwemigudu ezincancisayo

inkqubo yegazi kunye nokuphefumla ezincancisayo ezinento. Xa ukusezela oxygen engena ngokuma ukuya alveoli emiphungeni. Ngenxa yoko, lihlaba kungena emithanjeni. Inkqubo egazini, ioksijini iqhotyoshelwe erythrocytes. Ezi seli ziqulathe nuclei endaweni into eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba mpilo. Le ibandakanya protein kunye nemixube yentsimbi-equlethe - heme. Le element chemical iyinxalenye elibona ezingazinzanga mpilo. Kunye iiseli yegazi ezibomvu bayithwale wonke umzimba. Ukuhlawula oxygen, icarbon dioxide kwelo, ezenza kwakhona ungena emiphungeni. On ngumphunga, le metabolite isusiwe emzimbeni.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokujikeleza ezincancisayo Ulobumba imithambo intliziyo negazi. Kuye uhlobo elivaliweyo. imisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo isakhiwo phambi kwamagumbi intliziyo ezine kunye ulwahlulo epheleleyo phakathi kwabo. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu. Igazi anatomically kwaye zinonxulumano isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Luquka ezi yomoya kunye nemiphunga. Kuphela mayelana ezi nkqubo zenziwe ezanyisayo mpefumlo kumanqanaba zeselula, izihlunu, kunye nezinto eziphilayo.