Leliphi inani yaseBhabhiloni?

Mathematics, inzululwazi, apho bakhoyo ibekho ngenxa eMpuma yamandulo. Akukho umhla ngqo imvelaphi yayo, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba phantse zonke bengatshatanga Eastern waba yayo inkqubo yokubala nokubalwa iindlela. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha lo mkhuba amanani baseBhabhiloni, cinga nezinto zakudala, engqina ubukho babo nokuvavanya ifuthe lazo kuphuhliso phambili yenzululwazi.

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umbuso waseBhabhiloni waqala ubukho balo leminyaka II, yawa ngowama-539 BC. Ngeli xesha, ummandla osempuma wenze phambili linyathelo elikhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi, ugxininise lweeplani kunye neenkwenkwezi. Kodwa ke ukuba kuye kwakhiwa uzinzo kwaye ihlala ukuba ukwakhelwa imizimba yasezulwini nga mayirekhodwe kwaye zihlalutywe, lemathematika elifunekayo. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni sasinempumelelo entsha eMesopotamiya kukho amanani ezintsha zaseBhabhiloni.

Ekubeni urhulumente owakhelwe emanxuweni njengangaphambili apha yiSumere kunye waseAkkad, nazo iintlanga ezinamandla kakhulu, inventions neempumelelo ngaphambili zenzululwazi yanceda amaBhabhiloni ukuba abe elugqatsweni yaye phambili.

ngokwendlela yokunombola umbuso waseBhabhiloni

Xa ujonga kuqala kule nombolo waseBhabhiloni kanye unxulumano baseRoma, njengoko siseko iirekhodi zabo phantse twatse, yaye ngaloo ndlela ilula kakhulu ngakumbi. Le nkqubo usebenzisa abalinganiswa ababini kuphela: a blade ngqo, ebonisa iyunithi, nokuxoka incakuba, nto leyo Kuqikelelwa ku ezilishumi.

Ukuze abhale amanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwi-9 lisetyenziswa kuphela unobumba wokuqala, yaye bonke abo ezilandelayo, ukufaka indibanisela yale noxolelwano ezimbini. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkqubo inani waba sexagesimal kwaye lahlulwe amasuntswana esihambelanayo, yaye oko kwenzeka. division Senary iBhabheli Sumerians wambopha, kwaye ubukho elinesibini - Akadi. amanani Kamva baseBhabhiloni ziyaphindwa in Arabic, Latin, nangesiGrike, waba sisiseko kubalwe. Ukususela ngoko, sisahlula iyure ibe imizuzu 60 ngomzuzu ngamnye ifikele kwisekhondi 60.

Ubunzima kwimathematika waseBhabhiloni

Njengoko ubona kulo itafile, la manqaku wokwamanani kwiBhabhiloni yamandulo aphela ngo-59, njengoko nkqubo sexagesimal. Kodwa yimpucuko ehambele phambili ngolo hlobo, abayi kuqingqelwa ukuba mali lemivo? Ngokuqinisekileyo. YiBhabheli amanani ukubala zicinga amanani emikhulu, leyo namhlanje esiyibiza emithathu, iPIN kunye nenombolo ezintlanu.

Ngokomzekelo, makhe Zinjengeqhezu ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya 120. Kuba inani 60 wasebenzisa ikhaba ngokufanayo yunithi, ezinkulu kuphela. Emva oku kushiya isithuba ngakumbi ukuqhubeka urekhoda Ezinye inani. ekugqibeleni yaba umthombo lesiphithiphithi, maxa wambi bengaqondi nkqu abantu bamandulo. Umntu owaziyo iingcali ingqondo eyaphukileyo indlela ngubani yayishicilelwe ezi zakudala. Ukongeza, amaBhabhiloni akazange abe nomkrwelo, kodwa kube lula kakhulu ukubhala amanani ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukusuka ukudideka okuyalela

Ukuze ufunde amanani baseBhabhiloni kwezinye iinkqubo eziliqela yokubala, nje sikhumbule abalinganiswa ababini. Ukuzifunda kakuhle kwaye isigqibo ixabiso kufuneka bawuqhele siseko ngokokuma. Ngokuba thina, oku kungekho deal enkulu, ekubeni kukho inkqubo yokumisa eyodwa ehlabathini namhlanje. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba amanani ndawo ezishiyanayo kuchaphazela ukubaluleka inani. Uyavuma, ukuba ukutshintsha 1 no-7 phakathi 17, ngoko ke umphumo uba eyahlukileyo. Kodwa ke abantu bamandulo ukuba ayicacanga kunjalo, kuba amanani ngaphambili kuquka isikhundla lutho. AmaBhabhiloni okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu baye baqonda ukuba akukho mfuneko ukwenza abalinganiswa ezininzi ngokuyibhala zazivelela. Kwanele ezimbini, ixabiso leyo eza kuxhomekeka sikhundla.

EBhabhiloni "ezincwadini"

Xa lithi phakathi iTigris kunye nabalawuli umEfrate kuphela, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo abantu abafundileyo kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvumelana zazingenazo element omnye - kwephepha. E Egypt oko kusetyenziswa endaweni yeengcongolo, leyo wazoba abalinganiswa amandulo ii icon, kwaye ingxelo eBhabhiloni nombolo ezininzi kunye nonobumba, imifanekiso lwenziwe kumacwecwe odongwe.

Le ndlela kuthiwa ngoonobumba, kwaye umongo wayo usendleleni yokuba lo gama udongwe uthambile, kwalola ibleyidi ngomthi phezu ubonisa abalinganiswa ezinqwenelekayo, ezithi ke ngoko emkhenkceni. Plates ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho. Kuxhomekeka kwezi zalathisi baloba imithetho kunye nemimiselo, imisebenzi yenzululwazi, okanye amabali abantu abaqhelekileyo, abakuqapheleyo kunye nezehlo kubomi.

History and Science

Kule mihla, kukho umsantsa gca imisebenzi kwi, ulwazi lobugcisa kwezethu zezibalo, inzululwazi kunye nezinye zenzululwazi zendalo, kunye ezoluntu, apho indima engundoqo edlalwa iilwimi, uncwadi, imbali kunye bulumko. Xa khona kwaye ziphuhliswe impucuko yamandulo, onke la macandelo akukho ngokusondeleyo kuphela ngalo, kodwa bakha ebumbene, olwenza abantu ukuba bafumane ulwazi olutsha. Sele wawuthetha kwisihloko ezifana kwimbali yemathematika, kwaye ndingathanda ukutyhila eziliqela mathuba.

Kungenxa yokuba ihlabathi lwaseMpuma waba nelungelo lokuba nelaye lasisiseko le mpucuko zehlabathi, kwafuneka ebala yonke into. Ekuqaleni ngokwaneleyo Kwabonakala uqoqosho, eyayisekelwe kwimiba efana uthotho amanani kunye nokusebenza ngamanani. Ngaba uqikelelo okuziinkozo kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, kulinganiswa indawo intsimi bekusithiwa kunye parameters ubunzima lwezakhiwo. nokuphuhlisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngakumbi Ukukhuthaza uphando kulo mhlaba sele ziphuhlisiwe iifomyula zokuqala, nto leyo ibalwa umgama ukuya iinkwenkwezi ezibonakalayo-langa. Ezinye zezi oosonzululwazi isasetyenziswa nangoku kwifomati ingaguqukanga.

ukuba imathematika Namhlanje sithi - ngokusekelwe physics, chemistry ngeenkwenkwezi, kodwa eneneni zivela khona phezu kwesiseko ezi zenzululwazi ezikhoyo, kwakubon 'ukuba kukho imfuneko.