Logic Aristotle esithi: nemigaqo esisiseko

Igama elithi 'logic' livela iilogo isiGrike, ngawo ukuthini "lizwi", "intetho", "ingqiqo", "ingcamango" yaye "umgwebo." Le mbono isoloko isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana inkqubo nengqiqo, zezibalo njalo njalo. UAristotle uhlelwe ulwazi malunga nale wabahlula isayensi. Yena ufunda iindlela zokucinga tye, nemiyalelo yayo. logic Aristotle kaThixo - sesona sixhobo ephambili ingqondo yomntu, enika imbonakaliso lokwenyaniso ekhoyo kunye nemithetho kwawo imigaqo engundoqo yeengxelo nengqondo kunye andilahlekwanga nokubaluleka unanamhla.

Tholo yayizezona zinto ze ukucinga logic Aristotle iqwalasela isigwebo, ingqiqo nokuqiqa. Ingqiqo - uqhagamshelwano elula lokuqala yokucinga, ebonisa iimpawu ezingundoqo kunye neempawu zezinto. Umgwebo ithetha kuphika naluphi uxhulumaniso phakathi iinqobo kunye nemvume into ngokwayo. Ngokubheka lwenzelwe inzima ingcamango-ifomu luqokelelane ngokusekelwe iziphumo nohlalutyo.

logic Aristotle xa yenzelwe ukufundisa ukusebenzisa indlela magama kunye nohlalutyo, yaye ndizele oku zombini ezi fom kufuneka zingabi namkhethe. Lo mba inika inkcazelo yengqiqo nomgwebo - ubungqina. Ngoko ke, ukumiselwa kunye nobungqina sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike ozakuthathwa iingxaki eziphambili zesayensi zazo.

Iziseko senkolelo babekwa azibhala ye-nzulu, isihloko ingqeqesho, leyo ichazwe Aristotle. Ingqiqo kwakubonisa isikhundla sakhe bulumko kuye. Uye saqulunqwa kwaye nemithetho ubhalo: ubuyena, non-bethana kunye phakathi ngaphandle. Eyokuqala ithi na ingcamango ngexesha ukuya ekupheleni argument kufuneka twatse ngokwayo, oko kukuthi, ingcamango umxholo kufuneka kutshintshwa kule nkqubo. Umthetho yesibini non-ukuphikisana kukuba ezinye izimvo uphikisana ukuba iyinyaniso ngaxeshanye, omnye wabo ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka ibe bubuxoki. Ilungelo ngaphandle wesithathu iqulethe ingqiqo ukuba isigwebo ezimbini zombini ayikwazi kuba yinto ephosakeleyo, omnye wabo njalo. Ngaphezu koko, logic Aristotle ngokuba namajoni angama-indlela ukosuleleka lokufumana ulwazi. Umgaqo yalo ukuba abucala kufuneka aphume lilonke, kwaye ikhona kwi ngokwesimo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha lokuqonda koluntu inophawu ingcamango malungana, ukuba bafumane ulwazi ngokupheleleyo kunokwenzeka kuphela ulwazi iinxalenye zayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imfundiso Aristotle yaba eziphathekayo kunye nembono dialectical ukuzalana phakathi kolwimi kweengcinga zabantu. Ngokungafaniyo uPlato, ngubani wathetha Eyokuqiqa ngaphandle okungekho ingqiqo kunye namagama, Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ngaphandle novelwano. Yena waba uziva indima enye engqondweni, ngokuba kumfowunelwa ubunyani ingqondo eziyimfuneko akazukuyibamba, ngathi yilinen ungenanto, akukho iingcamango angaphakathi, kodwa uzicombulule nge ziqhele. Ngokutsho sobulumko, uqala ngale lwazi ndlela kunye nendlela ngexesha nomda, kwaye ukuchonga iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ekhululekile iqukumbela ingqiqo.