Isikolo Eleatic of bulumko: iingcamango ezingundoqo

Philosophy, isayensi ngokwasengqondweni, uye wafumana imigaqo yayo kwisithuba yamhlamnene. nezimaphambili ezingundoqo malunga nokuba nako kunye neendlela ulwazi lwabantu akhiwa kule ezikolweni -bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike. Uphuhliso yokucinga kwimbali yawo kufuneka yaziwe oneziqu yethisisi-uchasaniso-yokuqaphela.

Thesis - ingxelo eqinisekileyo, abayinqobo kweli thuba ezimbalini.

Uchasaniso - kuphika umgaqo zaseprayimari ekufumaneni kuphikisana kulo.

Yolungelelwaniso - ingxelo umgaqo, ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba elitsha iintlobo yembali yokucinga.

Ingqiqo ingalandwa kwimbali kuphuhliso yokucinga, kwaye inkqubo ukuyilwa ingqikelelo, uphawu uhlobo oluthile yembali, nokuba isikolo okanye bejonge kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo zehlabathi. Kwithuba zembali xa kwakhiwa isikolo Eleatic-bulumko, oko esibonakala indlela pro-izinto ukuya kwingqiqo. mfundiso kaPythagoras yohlobo ebonakalayo izinto zokuqala kwi ithisisi yaba ukwenza elis yakhe yokufundisa.

isikolo Eleatic wefilosofi: imfundiso

Ngowe-570 BC bulumko yamaGrike Xenophanes Wakhanyela ogquba kweli xesha le mfundiso polytheistic likaThixo kwaba umgqaliselo ubunye Lokuba. Lo mgaqo nebisoloko kuphuhliswa ngakumbi ngabafundi bakhe, kwaye ulwalathiso wangena imbali kwinzululwazi njengoko isikolo Eleatic-bulumko. abameli emfutshane nokufundisa kushwankathelwa ezi ziphakamiso zilandelayo:

• Genesis enye.
• Ukuba kwisininzi akukho reducible ukuba nolulahlekisayo enye.
• Amava ayiniki ulwazi oluthembekileyo ehlabathini.

Abameli Imfundiso Eliyskih ngeke inokufakwa theses ichaziwe. Yinto entle kakhulu. Nayiphi na imfundiso - yinkqubo ophilayo yokufunda inyaniso okanye falsity bezityholo ekukhanyeni amava ezikhoyo. Xa indlela yentanda ekuqondeni uhlobo kunye noluntu yenziwe njengengqiqo, iba ngumbandela uhlalutyo ezibalulekileyo kunye kuphika ngakumbi.

exegetics

Ngoko ke, kukho indlela ethile ukuchazwa zemboniselo, ebizwa exegesis. Kwakhona, njengoko kumaxesha amandulo, ichazwa apha imbali, inkcubeko, indlela ixesha yokucinga, yombhali indlela uphando. Ngoko ke, lo bulumko kwaye lamiselwa, kuba iindlela zokucinga, ambethe ngamagama, ngoko nangoko baphelelwe umgaqo zabo ezisisiseko kuphika. Le mfundiso efanayo iyatshintsha intsingiselo yalo ngokusebenzisa paradigms ezahlukahlukeneyo.

isikolo Eleatic-bulumko, iingcamango ezingundoqo ukuba zazithetha ngokwahlukileyo ngamaxesha zembali, ubungqina oku. Kubalulekile wenguqulo tselessoobraznost ratio, apho parameters zesifundo, kwaye kukho kanye injongo ukufunda isenzeko.

Eyona engundoqo abameli yesikolo

Abameli besikolo esithile-bulumko - i abacinga era zembali, umanyaniswe siseko efanayo, kwaye extrapolating ukuba aphathwe kuphela indawo yolwazi lomntu: inkolo, uluntu kunye norhulumente. Abanye ababhali-mbali ziquka inani labameli yesikolo sobulumko Xenophanes, abanye umda ezihlangwini ezintathu. Zonke iindlela zembali afikelelekayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, isiseko imfundiso ubunye ukuba ziqulunqwe Xenophanes of isigcino, ebhengeza ukuba omnye - nguThixo ulawula yonke into.

Abameli Eleatic School of Philosophy: Parmenides, Zeno kunye Melissa, nokuphuhlisa umgaqo womanyano, ukuchaza kuyo kwicandelo endalo, iingcamango kunye nokholo. Bathi nqa ke abo bangena ngemfundiso kaPythagoras, yaye sisiseko sophuhliso ebaluleke kakhulu ithisisi umgaqo esisiseko zehlabathi eziphathekayo, baqulunqe uchasaniso uhlobo eqhelekileyo Lokuba kunye nohlobo ezintweni zonke izinto. Le ndawo okuba ezi zikolo zilandelayo neentsingiselo kuphuhliso bulumko. Ntoni "indalo single"? Yaye yintoni na isiqulatho engundoqo nganye ezenziwe abameli ukusuka esikolweni?

ukufundisa isikolo Izicatshulwa

isikolo Eleatic -bulumko yakudala, leyo didi yeGenesis uye ingqiqo engundoqo yokufundisa wabumba postulate ubukho eme ndawonye ukungaguquleki. Inyaniso lolwazi ifumaneke engqondweni, amava baseka ukungaqondi malunga neempawu yendalo - ifundisa njalo isikolo Eleatic-bulumko. Parmenides wazisa umba "Life", nto leyo eye yaba ngundoqo kwilizwe reflection bulumko.

Izibonelelo zenziwe Zeno e ezininzi fabled "Aporia" wakhe, ukufumanisa umgaqo ukungaphikisani kwimeko iimfanelo nobuninzi kunye Ukwahluka yehlabathi. Melissa, xa umbhalo wakhe phezu uhlobo zonke iimboniselo ezishwankathelweyo ababengaphambi babazisa abe nemfundiso engqongqo eyaziwa njenge "elleyskogo".

Parmenides of Nature

Parmenides of Elea kwaba olinene, abemi yakhe yokuziphatha eyaziwayo, kwanele ukuba athi ukuba kukho mthetho kumgaqo-nkqubo wakhe. Ixesha lokuqala ummeli yesikolo Eleatic wabhala umsebenzi wakhe "On Nature". Le thesis isiseko eziphathekayo kwehlabathi bokuhlala ukuya Pythagoreans, ibe sisiseko imfundiso ebalulekileyo Parmenides, waza waba ingcamango zobunye imingxilo ngemingxilo ulwazi.

ithisisi ingokufumana umgaqo eyodwa Nature kaPythagoras, Parmenides Aristotle uchasaniso Lokuba kunye ubuninzi iingcamango nolulahlekisayo malunga nohlobo yezinto. isikolo Eleatic of bulumko lushwankathelwe umbhalo wakhe.

ukuba okunene wavula postulate kolwazi eyiyo zehlabathi. Umbono yangaphandle ezikhona, ngokutsho imfundiso yakhe, ongathembekanga, umda kuphela kumava yabantu. "Umntu Nomlinganiso bonke" - ilizwi adumileyo Parmenides. Ibonisa neentsilelo kumava kunye nakwenzeka ulwazi oluthile, ukususela vopriyatiya lobuqu.

Zeno

isikolo Eleatic wefilosofi emfundisweni Zeno of Elea, kungqinwe Parmenides malunga nakwenzeka ukuqonda uhlobo utshintsho, intshukumo kunye discontinuity. Ucaphula zango-40 - kuphikisana ezingenakunyibilika xa iziganeko zendalo.

Abasithoba kwezi aporias kude kube kukho umbandela iingxoxo kunye mpikiswano. dichotomy siseko, nto leyo oxhasa intshukumo kwi zango of "Arrow" awuvumeli boom lokuzikhumbuza kunye ufudo ... Ezi zango ezo ndaba uhlahlelo iimfundiso Aristotle.

melissa

A owayephila Zeno, umfundi Parmenides ', sobulumko isiGrike kuye engandiswanga ingqikelelo Ukuba ukuya kwinqanaba wendalo kunye wokuqala lo mbuzo yokungapheli yayo isithuba kunye nexesha. Kukho izimvo yena wathetha Heraclitus. Kodwa, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya ezaziwayo-kakuhle Greece yamandulo ezibonakalayo, abawazanga loo mgaqo uphambili zehlabathi eziphathekayo, wakhanyela ukuba udidi sentshukumo kunye notshintsho njengesiseko ukuvela nokutshatyalaliswa nezinto eziphathekayo.

"Ukuba 'ukuchaza yakhe ongunaphakade, ebesoloko, kungabi leyo engazange kuvela kwaye zithi shwaka. Xa wakhe othi idibene iimbono ngaphambili, washiya ihlabathi imfundiso Eleatics ngendlela engqongqo.

Abalandeli yesikolo Eleatic

isikolo Eleatic-bulumko, imigaqo esisiseko nesigama apho iimfundiso Eleatic Waba isiqalo, lo ithisisi ukuze uphuhliso olungaphaya kokuqonda bulumko. Imfundiso Parmenides kwi iimbono thaca kwi iingxoxo kaSocrates, yaye kamva waba isiseko isikolo imfundiso sophistry. Ingcamango esekungcoleni Lokuba kunye yize yaba sisiseko kwithiyori kaPlato iingcamango. Zeno baba umxholo Aristotle omkhulu ufunda ukuyondelelana kwendlela iingcamango kunye negalelo ukubhala multi-volume "logic".

Inani lo bulumko amabali

isikolo Eleatic-bulumko yamaGrike yinto ebalulekileyo yembali uphuhliso ingcamango bulumko ukuba ixesha lakhe siqala abameli kudidi usembindini ifilosofi "Genesis", ngokunjalo iindlela ukuqonda eyiyo kule mbono.

Eyaziwa ngokuba "nguyise ekuqiqeni", sobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike kamva uAristotle ebizwa Zeno le dialectician yokuqala. Dialectics - inzululwazi ubunye izichasi, kwi XVIII lafumana iwonga le nkqubo yolwazi bulumko. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuya Eleatics baba kuqala waphakamisa imibuzo malunga inyaniso kolwazi esinengqiqo kunye unreliability uluvo olusekelwe umgwebo lobuqu Umbono uvavanyo leyinene.

Kulo kamva, weklasikhi, isithuba sengqondo inzululwazi yokuba nokucinga njengoko iindidi esisiseko bulumko iye yaba umgaqo jikelele phezu eyasihlelayo kucaciswe imiyinge ontology kunye obunzulu.

Xa kwimbali ingcamango bulumko zokubuza imibuzo ebalulekileyo kakhulu, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono wophuhliso, element of ulwazi, kunokuba iimpendulo kwimibuzo uphendlo. Ekubeni lo mbuzo isoloko ibonisa ukuba imida izakhono zethu, yaye ngenxa yoko ke nethemba yokusetsha nenengqiqo.