Loire - umlambo e-France: Inkcazo

Lo mlambo elimangalisayo kangangeenkulungwane iye yaba yenye misele ezibalulekileyo ezakhokelela kanye embindini yaseFransi elwandle yehlabathi. Kwaye apha kwakukho iinqanawa ezinkulu ukusuka Atlantic kurhulumente kwentliziyo. Namhlanje, umlambo iinqanawa, kodwa embindini indlela yelizwe luvalwe. Umfula omkhulu kunayo eFransi - Laura.

Malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka yokuthumela sele ngokubanzi yaphuhliswa emlanjeni. Apha ukususela ngenkulungwane IX waqhuba umsebenzi wokwakha kwi ukwakhiwa kwamadama yokukhuselwa zokuhlala zabantu iimfuno navigation. Kodwa ke kaninzi dama lingenako ukubamba unogumbe umlambo omkhulu engalindelekanga (ngo1856 no 1866 kwiminyaka yengozi).

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngayo, khangela yintoni ezinye imilambo nje emdeni France.

French River: inkcazelo emfutshane

France kukho inani elaneleyo kwezibonelelo nemin. Kweli lizwe, akukho ukomisa amachibi kunye nemilambo, nto kwimozulu ngokwanelisayo epholileyo maritime zifudumeleyo, imvula ngokuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. Oku, Kakade, kunegalelo yokuba inkqubo amanzi yonke phantse ingatshintshanga.

Ubume obubanzi amadama France iquka amakhulukhulu kwamachibi ezincinane kakhulu kunye nemilambo emikhulu. Kodwa kukho nto kweli lizwe peculiarity yayo. Ngokutsho imilambo isigama ezikhoyo eFransi (fleuves) zithathwa amanzi aqukuqelayo ngqo elwandle. Kwaye kukho kweli lizwe - 131, kwaye ngama-10 kubo (Loire, iRhine, i Rhone, i-Meuse, i-Garonne, i-Seine, i Charente, Dordogne, i Scheldt kunye Adour) baye ubude km 300. Kwaye zonke ezi imilambo migodi nkulu ngaphezu kwama-400 lamawaka. Iikhilomitha Square yommandla kukarhulumente lonke (70%).

Ezi imilambo kunye eFrance iiheader eziphambili. Umthamo flow kwi imilomo babe amanani alandelayo: Loire - 931, Raine - 2300, Rhone - 1690, ezenza - 400 Garonne - 650, Sung - 563, Charente - 49 Dordogne - 380 Scheldt (in cubic metres / umzuzwana.) - 104 Adour - 350. indibano yabo iyonke yonyaka amanzi ubunzima bungama malunga 40-45% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo zonyaka lonke France. Malunga 33-34% yi imilambo angena elwandle: i Rhone, i-Loire, Dordogne, Seine, Garonne, Adour kunye Charente. Amachibi ukuba ushiye amanzi ngaphakathi France - Meuse, iRhine kunye Scheldt.

Loire River: Khetha

Athele kwi-Atlantic Ocean kummandla France. 1020 km ubude le Loire lomlambo. Le maphu ibonisa ukuba ngokwenene elide. isitya Its kuthatha indawo engaphezulu kwama-115 000 macala onke. km, nto leyo imele ngaphezu kwama-20% injalo eFransi, ngokunxulumene kuyo umlambo kakhulu kwaye kakhulu kweli lizwe.

wamanzi

Ngemvelaphi ye-Loire ithatha kufuphi ilali encinane, nto leyo ekuthiwa St. Eulalie (kwisebe le Ardèche), ibekwe ngakwimpuma Massif Central. Ukuphakama kwale ndawo 1408 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

River eFrance ngendlela yayo enqumla kumathambeka ezisemantla nasempuma uluhlu, uze ukhwela kummandla Paris Basin (esezantsi North French). Kwezi ndawo, bomyinge wamanzi lwehla, kwaye iba emlanjeni ngokwanelisayo cwaka flowing kulo mmandla kunye ifu kunye Zatoka. On Ugu ziindawo ezininzi eFransi, ezifana Roanne, Orleans, Angers, Nevers, Blois, Tours kunye neNantes. City kwi River Loire Saint-Nazaire na indawo ekudibaneni kwe-Atlantic Ocean.

Umendo umlambo ekuqaleni ubaleka ukusuka ezantsi kuse entla kwidolophu Orleans, emva yokubolekisana ukusuka empuma kuye entshona kwisixeko neNantes. Emva koko, lo mlambo uthwala amanzi ayo, ukuba le Atlantic Ocean, nto ukutshintsha ulwalathiso.

ukukhululeka

Loire - emlanjeni, osuka kwi kwinqwanqwa onamatye (mlilo), ekuthiwa Gerbier de Jons (isebe Ardèche, xa uluhlu Vela kunye Vivarais). Malunga 150 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kuLwandle lweMeditera ithatha indlela amaza ukuya emntla.

Mountain emfuleni ngesantya omkhulu phezu kwendawo ngokwanelisayo zincopho zininzi phakathi kuvuleke inyengane olumbaxa Massif Central. It uleyisayo iintaba Vela yikristale structure (apho kukho ukudlula amaninzi) kunye neentaba ngeenxa Buter eFaure, e njengeBeaujolais, Lyon kunye Madeleine.

imo emlanjeni Loire, iintlekele

Ekwindla nasebusika lo mlambo kwakhona neetyuwa kwemvula kunye ulwandle lweMeditera, kwaye entwasahlobo snowmelt neemvula ulwandle. Ehlotyeni, ichibi na amanzi kwengalunganga. Yintoni na isizathu, khangela olandelayo.

Kuba le ndawo luphawulwa ukuhla ngesiquphe iimeko zemozulu, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu urhulumente lomlambo. In a ehlotyeni kunokuba eyomileyo Loire kakhulu iguqulwe kancinane. Kwaye ke ezinxaxhileyo zemozulu ngqwabalala kaninzi ukufikelela amaxabiso enkulu. Kukho zizinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Autumn Mediterranean iinkanyamba kwenzeka ngo-Oktobha noSeptemba, ngokulandelelana, 1846 no 1866., Heavy iimvula ocean (zasebusika 1910 no-1936, ngokulandelelana.) Yaye iimvula spring elide edityaniswe enyibilikayo elibukhali ngesiquphe ikhephu (ekuqaleni kwehlobo ngo1856).

uviko

Loire yeyona uviko engundoqo (ibhanki ekhohlo) - River Allier. Ubude bayo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 421, flow rate amanzi - avareji 140 m³ / s. Ngaphezulu kwama-14 300 km² - kwindawo esityeni.

Amanzi kwi Allier qondo lisezantsi ehlotyeni (ngoJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba). umthombo wayo kwakhona imi kwi Massif Central. Icala aya lomlambo ikakhulu emntla. Kunxweme Ulaneka sesinye sezixeko ezintle French - Moulin (elikomkhulu yesebe eponymous).

Lo mlambo ukhetheke ukuba amanzi alo intlanzi bahlala bume yendalo - amanzi grayling.

iinqaba kumaxesha, kwiindawo umdla

Loir Valley kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezintle izakhiwo yamandulo bokwakha: iinqaba, amabhotwe, izixeko zamandulo, njalo njalo. Ukuba uphethe kudala umdla ophawulekayo eFransi.

iinqaba aphakathi kanye ubungqina ezininzi iziganeko zomkhosi. Kamva yaba izakhiwo ezintle, baye babe kumaziko amakhulu inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa (ukuba ukuphulaphula umculo enkulu, ebukele Imizobo ezintle oluboniswe ukwenza ezimangalisayo kumabala emidlalo, ukubhala ukufunda imihobe, iincwadi zamabali, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Al.). Le yeyona ndlela emangalisayo, phantse intsomi entilini.

Eyona engundoqo iinqaba ezi iindawo ezimangalisayo - Amboise, Langeais, Chenonceau, Azay-le-Rideau, Blois, Chaumont-sur-Loire, Chambord kunye Valanse. I-Loire Valley yeyokukhulisa, ephakathi Chalon ne mizamo-sur-Loire ikuluhlu njenge izinto UNESCO yeHlabathi ngo-2000.

Akumangalisi ke Loire - koMlambo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yasebukhosini, kunye intlambo yayo - sasebukhosini emyezweni eFransi, okanye ilokhwe yomtshato kweli lizwe.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngelishwa, umsebenzi ephosakeleyo eyenziwa ngokucoca i Loire intsimbi esezantsi ebangela intshabalalo izakhiwo zokwakha endala ophawulekayo - Hlala Bridge (1978).

Ixabiso emlanjeni lizwe

River eFransi kubalulekile kwiindawo ezininzi. Ikakhulu Loire - umlambo (njengoko uRon p.), Yeyiphi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuveliseni amandla lizwe. indawo yayo nayo yakhiwe (kwi isitya liphezulu) imiqobo ezimbini: Nossal kunye Villerest (Alo emlanjeni isitya), abasebenzi namhlanje ikakhulu ngenxa zokupholisa reactor zenyukliya, ibekwe kwiindawo ezine eFransi ngo.

Ngaphezu koko, lo mfula edibene inani elikhulu lamajelo Seine (Niver kunye Briarsky) kunye umlambo Saône (central), ukuze p. Cher (Berry). Amanzi imikhumbi malunga Nantes umfula kuphela.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ke, ukuba Loire - umlambo eziya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lezolimo kunye nokhenketho.

Elokuphetha iimpawu swimming pool

Le ohamba kulo mlambo lubhadule unyaka nonyaka. Entwasahlobo, xa Loire igcwele amanzi anyibilike ukusuka kwindawo pool enkulu, shelf yayo yelizwekazi phantsi kwempembelelo ubunzima omkhulu wamanzi "ibhadule". Kuyinto ophethe amandla awo amanzi ukuya kwezinye iindawo, yaye inkoliso ukufuna ezintsha kwenzeka begoba ekuhlaleni emlanjeni apho isantya sokuqukuqela kunciphisa.

Xa zinyibilikisiwe ehla amanzi, Loire ubuyela kunxweme zangaphambili. Ungafumanisa ukuba lokugcinwa zibe kwezinye iindawo, kodwa apho kwakukho kunyaka ophelileyo. Kubonakala ukuba emlanjeni eFransi ngonyaka ngamnye kancinane, kodwa itshintsha ukwakheka kwalo xa cornering.

Lo mfula umlinganiswa bokuhlala ukuhamba. Ngokuphathelele indawo eqokelela amanzi emvula enkulu ezisezantsi Loire yawo isoloko engalindelekanga. Kudla kukho imilambo flash ngesiquphe ngenxa wawo ukuya kuvala ingxingwa iimvula elide injalo eFransi, emva koko nemingenela Loire kuziswe zalo channel omkhulu wamanzi.

Ngoko ke, kukho iimeko xa ichweba amanzi volume flow ukunyuka kakhulu ukuya ku 7000 m ³ / s (ixesha kuNogumbe). Kwaye ukwehla okukhulu inqanaba lamanzi kwakhona akuqhelekanga kule ndawo. ukusetyenziswa irekhodi Ngowe-1976, kwisixeko Orleans ke yabhaliswa amanzi ngoko kuphela 22.4 m ³ (avareji ukusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo kwindawo ezifanayo 400 m ^3).