Lwenkomo ubisi: ukwakheka kunye neepropati. Ukubunjwa ubisi lwenkomo - itheyibhile

Le mveliso kumntu wonke mmi iplanethi yethu. Ngokwemveli, ubisi lisetyenziswa abantwana ukutya kunye nabantu abadala. Izazinzulu bebesoyikisa le iingxoxo malunga iingozi zayo, kodwa ke abalandeli le mveliso awukabi ngaphantsi.

Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ubisi - sisincoko elikhethekileyo iimpawu mveliso zendalo. Ukongeza, ngumqolo izinto ukulungiselela ukuveliswa inani enkulu ukuba adle iinzuzo ezinkulu ulonwabo kunye nempilo iimveliso zokutya. Makhe kweli nqaku, uhlolisise ubisi lwenkomo, kwaye ukwakhiwa iipropati yalo encedayo.

Milk - up to amanzi 90%?

Kuba baninzi, le nto ayimangalisi, kodwa ubisi ngokwenene yi-87,5% iqulathe amanzi. Zonke ezinye amacandelo isimanga luncedo bebekelwa 12.5% lomba owomileyo. Oku ugqibe isampulu eqhelekileyo yobisi yokomisa ukuya ubunzima rhoqo kubushushu ka 105? C. Ngenxa yolo amanzi Inkqubo ngumphunga ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuphela eziqinileyo.

Kodwa ukuyondelelana kwendlela ubisi ilulwelo akukho ngenxa isixa esikhulu samanzi, kunye nento yokuba zonke izinto kunye nemixube iqhawulwa.

Ubisi nalo luphawulwa SOMO (nonfat eziqinileyo milk eyomileyo). Eli xabiso ifunyenwe ukuba ubisi ukususa onke amanzi kunye namanqatha. Esi salathisi ngesiqhelo hayi ngaphantsi kwe-9% kwaye kubonisa umgangatho imveliso yendalo. ubisi lwenkomo, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze eye incitshisiwe yi ukuxutywa ngamanzi, uya inani SOMO umgangatho asezantsi kakhulu.

Ngaba fat ubisi luncedo?

Inqanaba mafutha ubisi ngobisi lwenkomo kwi-avareji ye-3.5%. Le rate makulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwamafama izinto e mveliso elijongene umamkeli. Olu phawu kuchaphazela umgangatho mveliso: cream ezimuncu, cream, cottage samasi.

Ukubunjwa amanqatha ubisi ngu-20 asidi okunamafutha. Lubonakala yi phantsi isibonisi lobushushu yokunyibilika (25-30˚S) kunye Ukuqinisa (17-28˚S). Le peculiarity kwale - isakhiwo ayo teardrop-ezimise ubisi. Oku kubangela kokudla yi umzimba womntu wayo ipesenti ephezulu (malunga nama-95%).

Ngenxa ubunzima ethile ephantsi, amanqatha ubisi ayanyuka abe phezulu ukwenza umaleko cream. Le mveliso ezixabisekileyo esimthandayo abaninzi, yaye iqulethe eninzi luncedo fat-enyibilikayo iivithamini: D, A, K no E. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa ubisi kunye kwinqanaba ngamanqatha yendalo elicebisa umzimba kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo kunye nefuthe kuyingenelo impilo yabantu.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo iiproteni ubisi?

ubisi lwenkomo, apho ukwakheka iquka iiproteni mali ka-3.2%, uthathwa imveliso oxabisekileyo yesondlo. Eli nani esweni ngokungqongqo kunye namafama, amashishini kunye noshishino efanelekileyo.

Ubisi protein agxile kakuhle umzimba womntu - ngaphezu kwe-95%. osemqoka kwakhe - umxholo asidi kubalulekile acid, ukunqongophala leyo ekhokelela ukuphazamiseka iinkqubo metabolic. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• Methionine - yokutshintshiselana amanqatha, ukuvimbela ukonakala kwesibindi.
• Tryptophan - i eqala ukuba Yindibanisela serotonin kunye niacin eziphathekayo. ukuswela wayo kunokubangela sengqondo esixhalabisayo, isifo seswekile, isifo sephepha kunye nesifo somhlaza.
• Lysine ikhuthaza ukubunjwa igazi eqhelekileyo. Ububi lwayo uyakwazi bandiqumbise anaemia, ukuphazamiseka ze nethe kwezinto nitrogen kunye calcification ithambo, muscular dystrophy, sibangelwa isibindi nemiphunga.

Ngokomthetho ke ibandakanya obisi casein. It uvezwa ngeendlela ezimbini: iintlobo alpha ebangela uxabana kwezinye abantu, ifomu beta waqonda ngumntu kakuhle.

Serum okanye sulfa iiproteni, isiqulatho ogama ngobisi - 0.6%, ezi zizondlo ebalulekileyo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino kokutya.

Ngobisi kukho microflora eziphilayo ngcaciso imfutshane ukuba ubomi kule nkqubo uyazimela izinto iiproteins ethile - enzyme, okanye enzymes. Ezi zithinteli nokulawula iinkqubo yemichiza kwi imveliso kunye namanyathelo nganye kuzo esokuba ezithile. umsebenzi enzyme pH oxhomekeke kunye nobushushu medium. Abanye babo uncedo ukuvavanya umgangatho yobisi:

• Lipase ikhuthaza ucazululo amanqatha fatty simahla kunye glycerol. Oku lutshintsha incasa yobisi Kuba kuqalake, ukunciphisa ubulunga bayo. Yobuninzi fatty simahla kunye namachibi yazo ikhokelela imveliso rancidity.
• Peroxidase - enzyme thermo oko kubonisa into yokuba ubisi ke ngobushushu kwi-80 ° C.
• Catalase abole hydrogen peroxide emanzini neoksijini. Ubisi evela Iimazi abagulayo kwinqanaba catalase liphezulu ngokwaneleyo.
• Phosphatase lusicande ukuba esters of phosphoric acid kunye alkoholi kunye siyabutyaka pasteurization eqhelekileyo. ukungabikho kwalo kuqinisekisa ukuziphatha kakuhle pasteurization.

Ubisi iswekile kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo

Le khemikhali Ukwakhiwa ubisi lwenkomo ziquka uxhulumaniso okhethekileyo - lactose, okanye iswekile ubisi. Icandelo esebenzayo ngowona mthombo wamandla umzimba womntu. Le yelactose uyazifohloza phantsi lactose zibe glucose galactose.

Obumele kunceda ukucinezela umsebenzi microflora izifo putrefactive. Obumele lineziphumo eyingenelo kwi umsebenzi Wayesoyika sentliziyo omzimba womntu.

Kwabanye abantu, kukho ingxaki yokulahlwa iswekile ubisi, ekuthiwa intswelo yelactose. Esi sifo kuba naso okanye ziphuhliswe kule minyaka. Isizathu zingadluliselwa isifo wamathumbu okanye kokuzila ukudla ixesha elide, elide ukusela ubisi.

Cya ukuvelisa, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, enzyme - yelactose, leyo lusicande lactose ukwenza iikhompawundi elula: iswekile kunye galactose. Eyokuqala into endibufumeneyo ukutya okuthandayo gciwane kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, oku kwenzeka ntoni na iswekile, nto leyo yinxalenye ubisi lwenkomo: ibizwa inegwele Cya, ikheswa lactic acid, utywala kunye carbon dioxide. Xa emathunjini abantu ngenxa yale nkqubo yenguqu kudala imeko asidi kancinane leyo ekulungeleyo kuphuhliso ezincinane acidophilus iyingenelo. Imisebenzi ukubola yebhaktiriya ndlela livunyelwe.

yezimbiwa milk

ubisi lwenkomo, apho ukwakheka iquka la macandelo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ngumthombo kwezondlo umzimba womntu. osemqoka yalo ukuba isenzo sobabini izinto nezikhokelela ukufunxeka ilungileyo. Ukubunjwa ubisi zezi zilandelayo izinto ezinkulu:

• Calcium - ekhoyo ngendlela ukutya kwaye siyinonophele phosphorus. Uthando ngohlobo ion (10%) ngokohlobo phosphate kunye citrates (68%), ngokusebenzisana casein (22%). Umxholo iyonke lwesi sakhi kwi ubisi - 100-140 mg, leyo esezantsi ehlotyeni.
• Phosphorus okuqulathwe isusela ukusuka 74-130 mg, ekhona iintlobo ezimbini. Oku yinxalenye khompawundi kwiQela ngokohlobo calcium phosphate kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Kwakhona ifakiwe phosphorus nezinto eziphilayo - glycol, casein, phospholipids, iienzymes, ii-asidi acid.
• Isiqulatho magnesium kukuba kuluhlu 12-14 mg, imiphumo eyingenelo kwi yokuzala luvo, yokucola ukutya kwabantu, kuphucula nezifo.
• Potassium (135-170 mg) kunye ne (30-77 mg) inkxaso kucocwa kunye kumthamo zonke izixhobo zosasazo ulwelo lomzimba womntu. Bona ukwandisa ukunyibilika iikhompawundi ezininzi acids nezimbiwa, micelles casein;
• Chloro (90-120 mg) sisalathisi yempilo yezilwanyana. Ukwandisa ndzo ka-30% ibonisa ubukho semibele in iinkomo.

inani elikhulu lweziqalelo trace kwakhona yinxalenye ubisi. Ngaphandle kokuba umxholo lwayo luncinci kakhulu, ezi izinto kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba womntu. Ubisi iqulethe intsimbi, ubhedu, zinc, manganese, ayodini, molybdenum, fluorine, i-aluminiyamu, lesilicon, selenium, inkcenkce, chromium, bakhokele. Bonke bephela ukulungiselela iinkqubo physiologic emzimbeni.

Uluhlu zesakhiwo ubisi

Iimpawu ubisi components abasemthethweni ungahluka. Ezi data ichaphazela uhlobo iinkomo, umgangatho ukudla, ixesha lonyaka, kwaye abaninzi ngakumbi. Kodwa nokwakheka avareji ubisi lwenkomo, le theyibhile ingezantsi, bancipha ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

amacandelo trace eluncedo eziyingozi ubisi

Ukubunjwa ubisi lwenkomo yonke kaThixo ikwaquka weevithamini, enzyme zombala. isiqulatho yabo ulinganiswa hundredths kunye kumawaka ekhulwini, kodwa ke ixabiso kwezi zinto liphezulu kakhulu. Zinelungelo umsebenzi ophezulu zebhayoloji, nditsho encinane kakhulu, ubukho babo kubalulekile ukuba umzimba womntu.

Okwangoku, ubisi eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa malunga 50 iivithamini, ekukhoyo kuzo amanzi-enyibilikayo - B1, B2, C - kwaye enyibilikayo - A, D, E, K. Ubukho kula macandelo eziphilayo esebenzayo ebangela ubisi lokuxhamla impilo yabantu, kuba impembelelo zabo zomzimba zibaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa yinxalenye yale imveliso yaye ziquka izinto enokonakalisa umzimba. Umxholo wawo nalo ezincinane kakhulu, kodwa ke ezi iingedosi ezincinane kunokubangela umonakalo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Ezi ziquka:

• izinto eziyityhefu: iarseniki (hayi ngaphezulu kwe-0.05 mg / kg), ukukhokela (hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0.1 mg / kg), mercury (0.005 mg / kg), isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, (0.03 mg / kg).

Bona banakho ukungena ubisi kunye ifidi okanye inkonkxa. Inani labo ngokulinganiselwa ngokungqongqo kwaye ilawulwe.

• Mycotoxins, ingakumbi aflatoxin M1, ziyityhefu kakhulu iimveliso ababu- ukususela kakhulu umhlaza. Engena ubisi kunye nokutya, akukho kuphele pasteurization. umxholo wayo ikumgangatho ngokungqongqo ngaphandle 0,0005 mg / l.
• Amagciwane - tetracyclines, penicillins, chloramphenicol, streptomycin.
• Inhibitor - soda kunye nezinye iisepha kunye izibulali.
• Izitshabalalisi kunye atom (kwiteksti-90, atom-137) - kunye feed.
• Hormone ngohlobo estrogen ezifumaneka ubisi. Ngoko ke, ukuze uphephe olu hlobo ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala imveliso ukunika abantwana ayikhuthazwa.
• amagciwane izifo yaye imiqathango izifo Ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, lwenkomo ubisi, ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu ezo zixhomekeke ngqo kwi isondlo kunye zezilwanyana ntle, kunokuba nje kuphela, kodwa senzane ububi. Xa uthenga le mveliso kufuneka ukholose iinkampani zoshishino, bungqinelwa emarikeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubisi nokuvavanywa kweelebhu loo udlula kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo, kwaye umxholo zonke izinto eziyingenelo kwaye uqhwalelisa makulawulwe ngokungqongqo. Le mveliso zithengwa kubanini labucala kwimalike ezizenzekelayo - le mfihlelo, kwaye bobabini umthengisi kunye nomthengi. Musa engozini impilo yakho, ukuvumela ikhwelo kulinga ukuthenga "ubisi yokwenene zasekhaya."

ubisi Ibhokhwe ephawulekayo kaThixo?

Abanye abantu okwangoku bakhetha ubisi beebhokhwe. Bachaza ngale bubukho iingenelo ezicacileyo le mveliso. Ukubunjwa ubisi kunye nebhokhwe lwenkomo ngenene bit eyahlukileyo. Nazi ezinye iinyani ezinika engqina umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini:

• Umxholo ayibe yobisi yebhokhwe i ngaphezulu kwimveliso amaxesha yemazi 6.
• Ubisi yebhokhwe cishe akukho alpha-1-casein, leyo ulunika ubume imveliso hypoallergenic.
• isiqulatho lactose yobisi zeebhokhwe ngaphantsi kwe inkomo, yi-53%. Le nto yenza kube lula ukuba abantu lactose ekugayeni intswelo.
• Umxholo Inqatha ubisi yebhokhwe - 4.4%, kunye 69% asidi - polyunsaturated kwaye akhuphisane cholesterol.
• In ubisi Ibhokwe Cya kakhulu yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu.

Loluphi uhlobo ubisi kungcono?

Yintoni uhlobo lobisi ukuba adle - inkomo okanye ibhokhwe - kwakho isigqibo. Zombini iimveliso bafanelwe intlonelo kwaye zithathwa ezixabisekileyo yaye luncedo empilweni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukugcina ukhuseleko engqondweni kwaye ukuthenga impahla yomgangatho ezingaqondakaliyo. Kuphephe isilingo uzame ubisi entsha esuka emarikeni. Kusenokubakho kubakho ezininzi iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye izinto eziyityhefu. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba uwuthenge ulawulo olufanelekileyo ligqithile kunye nesiqinisekiso. Le ndlela uyakwazi uzikhusele wena kunye nosapho lwakho ukusuka usongo ukuqikelela ngeliso lenyama ngayo nje akunakwenzeka. Basele amasi kwizinga ubumnandi!