Mangup Kale: ukuba indlela apho? Mangup Kale - photo

Mangup-Calais - kwidolophu umqolomba yamandulo, nto leyo iqhele neekhilomitha amabini ukusuka Sevastopol. Ukususela nge-6 ukuya ku-15. ukuba ikomkhulu eli ubulawuli ka Theodoro. Le yokugqibela alawula eCrimea kumzantsi-ntshona. Kumaxesha angaphambili, Mangup Kale yeyona inkulu dolophu aphakathi kule ndawo lizwe.

indawo

Amanxiwa, kanye belilelakhe ndawo inkulu izixeko zamandulo, zezona encotsheni Mangup yentaba. Le uluhlu i ezinde imitha ezimbini-anamanci--high iintlambo kwazo emithathu (Jan-Dere neAyi-Todorsky kunye Karalezskoy) ngokuchanekileyo siqithi.

ihewu Mangup macala omathathu namawa ezinamatye iphela. Nokuphakama amanye amanqaku abo 70 m. North Ithambeka rock ubunzima isikwe ngu bevala ezintathu nzulu. Phakathi kwabo Kapu Dere, Gama-Dere kunye Taban-Dere. Kweli cala yasethafeni linokufikeleleka ngenyawo okanye ngemoto. Ezingxingweni kukhula ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo kunye nemithi coniferous. Kukwakho ke kwetyholo.

Phakathi bevala ezi ekapa ezine (Buze). Ziyafana iminwe ezinkulu Wasolula, ukhangele ngasentla. Eastern Cape ebizwa Tekshli-yombane (oluvuzayo). Uthe wagawulwa ngokupheleleyo emiqolombeni. Okulandelayo kuwo - Cape Elli-Burun (Windy). Ngoko ibekwe Chufut- Choargan-full. elinye igama layo - Cape Stormcaller umYuda. Le Buze yentshona - Chamlou-yombane (Pine).

protohistory

Isibakala sokuba isixeko Mangup-Kale (eCrimea), abaphengululi singayazi yasungulwa. Ngokutsho kwimingxuma kwindawo kwindawo zokuhlala yayo kwabantu eyasekwayo sele ngenkulungwane yokuqala yeXesha lethu. Yaba iziko kwezopolitiko zomkhosi enkulu lobuKristu. On liyinkangala Mangup waba kwidolophu Pontian ekuthiwa Priscian.

Abantu abahlala kummandla ochaziweyo 3., Kwagcinwa uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo Chersonesus. Le nyaniso ingqinwa ezinye izinto ezifumaneka ngelo xesha. Ngoko ke, apha safumana zitsha akwi ngasekupheleni namaRoma, kwaye iinkozo zobhedu, eSwitzerland ebudeni bolawulo Arcadia.

idatha ethile kwixesha yamandulo kwimbali phantse engekhoyo ukubusa. Ongaziwayo kunye namagama abalawuli yayo yokuqala. Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba abathetheli elibusayo Theodoro, ababekolo velmozhnomu Armenian Gavras endala.

Ithuba ephakathi

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. yaye ukuya ku 1434 esemantloko i Theodoro ubulawuli kwaba smart none- Prince Alexei. Wasinika ukufikelela iindledlana zorhwebo elwandle, wabuyisela port Calamita.

Ngehlobo lowe-1475 kunye Turks kunye nabo AmaTatar baqalisa ekuthinjweni Mangup-Kale. Iintshaba balihlutha imipu, ngelo xesha engcono. Sasikhona yokugcina ezaxhobela Turkish kunye nemipu zisusiwe ezinqanaweni. Ke ukuba abahlali besixeko, bathembela kuphela ngenkalipho zabo impregnability beendonga inqaba. Noko ke, emva kokuba zokungqinga elide, ezo abavikeli inqaba Mangup kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikezele. I Turks watshabalalisa idolophu kuthinjwa, batshabalalise phantse bonke abemi balo. Mangup Kale yaba yinxalenye kwisithili Turkish. Kude kube ngenkulungwane ye-18. ngaphakathi iindonga enqabeni yakhe inkampu yomkhosi wamajoni abanini abatsha. Kwaba ngoko ukuba isihloko Mangup Kale Turks wathi, gama elo elithetha "inqaba".

Ngowe-1783, eCrimea iye yafakwa eRashiya. Ngeli xesha, ithafa umkile abahlali yakhe yokugqibela. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko ke embindini ubulawuli kanye enamandla kunye nesixeko esikhulu zayeka ukubakhona ngonaphakade.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, amaJamani wathumela Mangup hambo zakudala. Injongo yayo ukuseka ikhethe imvelaphi Aryan yabantu German. Ezindongeni eseleyo ukuya kumhla Mangup Kale kunokwenzeka nangoku ukufumana amajoni lama ezi nemityikityo Wehrmacht.

indlela

Cave city Mangup-Calais ise emantla-mpuma kwilali Krasny Mayak. Ukususela kule endaweni kuye iikhilomitha ezintlanu.

Isiphelo indawo ngohambo lwakho Mangup Kale? Indlela ukuya kwesi sixeko mqolomba? Ukwenza njalo, ukuqhuba kwidolophana Krasny Mayak okanye Zalesnoe. Oku kunokwenziwa ibhasi ukusuka Bakhchisaray okanye Simferopol "Western." Okulandelayo, kuya kufuneka silandele endleleni, leyo libaleka kwicala lasemzantsi. Ukusuka apho, nje elifutshane ichibi lokwenziwa, kuya kufuneka ajike ngasekhohlo ukuya kwilali Haji Salah. Ngaphambi kule lali wena indlela ubumdaka. Of Haji Salah kwaye uya kuvuka kwi-ihewu Mangup kunye icala wasentla. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indlela eya elalini ihlawulwe.

Kukho enye indlela. Ukusuka esitishini, "i ngekhilomitha 5", ibekwe Sebastopol, unako ukufikelela ilali Terovka. Qhuba ngendlela elandela indlela T-0105 kwicala lasempuma. Xa unyawo Mangup trail ajike ngasentla. Apha kuyimfuneko ukuhamba naye, yaye, emva evulekile elikhulu, qala enjengokugwencela Mangup ukusuka kwithambeka emazantsi.

Akhwele phezu thafa

Mangup Kale ingabonwa ngokuya phezulu yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa Taban-Dere Dere okanye Gamam. ukunyuka kakhulu mnene endleleni, nto leyo ifumaneka kwicala elingasezantsi. Kwisango yehewu, unako ukuba emaweni enamatye emiqolombeni bethutyana, wakhonza iinjongo ukuzithethelela.

Phakathi imizuzu engama-40 emva kokuqalisa kokunyuka umqadi Gama Dere trail kuya kukhokelela nenqaba leyo iye yagcinwa kakuhle. Ukusuka endleleni yakhe ukhwela unyuka kakhulu kwithambeka lasekunene ebisenyobeni, kwaye xhaxhe ngaphaya kweendonga ukuzithethelela. Ngomhla kwintsimi isixeko linokufikeleleka emngxunyeni. Ngemihla yakudala kule ndawo, mhlawumbi, kwakukho isango.

Imboniselo kwi yasethafeni

Ngoko ufikelele usukelo ngohambo lwakho kwaye bangena kummandla yamandulo Mangup-Kale. Imephu kufuneka bathabathe nabo, ukunceda hlengisa ngokwakho. Ngakwintshona lehewu ingabonwa indawo encinane kumantla ethekwini Sevastopol ukuba angangeni kuwo uMlambo Black. Nazi amabhodlo enqabeni Kalamita.

Ukuya ngasekhohlo kuwo ungabona ukumila kwinqaba kanye ababekolo ubulawuli Chembalo. Ukuya emantla emaweni kwihewu ntathu Eski-Kermen, ezihamba kude ngaphaya iinduli kwiidolophana ebekwe phezu kwabo.

Ukuma ubuso ukuya mpuma, uyakwazi ukubona omhle amakhulu Chatyr-Dag. Ku fanele ku phezulu kummango ephambili iCrimea Iintaba.

Tour le Plateau

Ilizwe apho dolophu eyamisa ngentla ifomu evuthelweyo empuma-ntshona. Plateau lulula ebonakalayo, ade abaveze oqingqiweyo Bongena emiqolombeni yamawa eweni, emanxuweni iindonga kanye eziphakamileyo neenqaba ezinde.

Mangup emakhulwini 5-6. elise kwintsimi dolophu eliphezulu. Yayikumgama kwi Tekshli-full. Thile emva, esi sixeko landiswa. Izindlu eyakhelwe phezu kwezinye promontories. Le ndawo esemzini asezantsi. Kamva ke belimiwe ziimbaxa ka Taban-Dere. Baba indawo wezandla. De kube sekupheleni isixeko wahlala ubukho eyintlango ekapa Pine kuphela. Wakhonza abangenzi nto kummandla Mangup Kale.

Amabhodlo kwisixeko samandulo

Mangup Kale (bona ngezantsi ifoto) kubulisa abakhenkethi eCape Tekshli-ungumgqithi emanxuweni kwinqaba iShushan. Yaba udonga eliphezulu kakhulu lohlobo omzimba, eyakhelwe kwinxalenye esempuma yenduli ukuya ngasentshona. Esangweni kukho amabhodlo yesakhiwo. Ukwakhiwa kwakulungiswa okokugqibela kwi ngenkulungwane ye-15. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba zonakaliswe kakhulu. Kwicala engaphakathi kwisakhiwo ungabona ucango ngokubanzi kunye iminyango window, apho zinokuhonjiswa a unique nangokukrola amatye. Apha, ulwakhiwo kakhulu njenge ibhotwe ngaphezu woxande olude. Kukholelwa ukuba le ahlala kuyo abathetheli Mangup.

Hayi kude esangweni le iintsalela kwicawa libe elakhiwa ngenkulungwane 8. Yaye udonga esempuma oluvuzayo Cape-zibekwe casemates mqolomba. Kwezi, indlela ebonakalayo ngokulula eya esangweni ephambili yale mzi. Emqolombeni efanayo apho entshonalanga eweni. Baba kuyimfuneko ukuze ukubetha utshaba ngasentla, ukuba sasisiya emasangweni. Kumaxesha zoxolo, umqolomba eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo zoqoqosho.

Phakathi ukulwa casemates phakathi engxondorheni mqolomba icawa wasempumalanga yokuhlangana noThixo, leyo watyelelwa le abavikeli kwinqaba iShushan. Iindlela lehewu, uvela entilini Belbek elawulwa yokulinda. Yena waye e kanye ekupheleni ekapa. Kufutshane nqaba yakhiwa enqabeni yomkhosi, inxalenye engezantsi leyo oqingqiweyo waya engxondorheni. Phezulu, yakhiwa ngamatye, iye yachitheka ukuya namhlanje. Emazantsi nenqaba kukho emnyango, emva apho kukho ngezinyuko ezikhokelela umqolomba enkulu ngumntu. Kuwo ungaya phantsi ngezantsi, niza bagqiba kwi ejele komhlaba.

Kumazantsi yasethafeni linani elikhulu emiqolombeni. Abanye kubo amabandla zamaKristu. Ukuya entshona Gamam Dere echweliweyo ingafunyanwa kwi Amanxiwa Palace labalawuli yokugqibela Theodoro. A umgama omfutshane kude kukho amabhodlo ibandla lamaKristu, eyakhiwa imbeko labangcwele ezimbini - Helena kunye uConstantine.

Kwikhefu ezintabeni Crimea

Omthandayo bahlole amabhodlo kwidolophu emqolombeni ibekwe phezu Mangup ihewu - akukho nje usuku olunye. Kuba abo banqwenela ukuba Nohlala ubuncwane yimbali lempucuko lonke Nentabalala abathanda ubuhle enkulu bendalo yayo, emazantsi yehotele ivuliwe. Kuthatha abatyeleli unyaka wonke.

ikhefu Enkulu "Mangup-Calais" (igama ehotele) uya kukunika zonke. Kukho inikezelwa badibanise eyiyeyona lweenkonzo kunye namaxabiso. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuhlala kude iingxaki zemihla ngemihla kunye yasemzini umzi.