Manor Gorenki: apho, iifoto, imbali

E Moscow, ngakumbi ngqo, e Balashikha oko yenye amafa ezinkulu kwaye omdala Russian. Kule minyaka oko osezandleni iintsapho ezininzi adumileyo: Dolgorukov kunye Razumovsky, Tretyakov kunye Yusupov.

Gorenki Manor yayakhiwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo, ngasezantsi Vladimir Highway, ngoku ebizwa Nizhny Novgorod kuhola wendlela. Around indlu Manor enhle yahlukana igadi ngokusesikweni, gqibezela aqukuqela of kwamachibi ezisixhenxe, ezithi ziqithi kwo ingxolo off. ezintathu kuzo kuphela abasindayo de imihla yethu. Inxalenye ilizwe wathengiswa nabanini babucala efandesini. Ngethamsanqa, izakhiwo eziphambili, kwakunye ebhotwe kunye park lomculo walondoloza, nangona ayikho kwimeko engcono.

A incinane

Imbali Manor Gorenki Balashikha buqala elidlulileyo kude. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala kwilali likhankanywe kwi yemihla Gorenki besive kwinkulungwane XVI. Umnini lokuqala zelizwe sele NR Zakhar'in-Yuriev - umzalwana yomfazi Ivana Groznogo kunye umkhulu Tsar uMikhail Romanov. Ixesha Iingxaki, kunye nendawo enyukayo ngasendlwini kwetrone akazange bavumelekile ukuqalisa Ixhobisa Romanov ngamafa.

Prince kaYuri Khilkov kuphela 1693 wayakha indlu Manor yokuqala, wayinika kunye nomhlaba njengoko njengekhazi lazo intombi yakhe Paraschiva.

Dolgorukovs

Ngowe-1707, Praskovya Khilkov watshata ku Alekseya Dolgorukova. Ngowe-1724 umnini omtsha welifa eqhotyoshelweyo ebhankini ekunene kwaye Gorenki Czyżew waza zaza zamakhela ibhotwe uDavide. Unyana wakhe, uIvan, wafumana umsebenzi ngempumelelo kwinkundla, waba othandwayo wentombi loMlawuli Peter II, nto leyo idla watyelela Gorenki.

AG Dolgorukov waphupha ukuba uPetros II utshata intombi yakhe elinesixhenxe ubudala uCatherine. NgoNovemba 1729 yena eganiweyo, waza wathi n nomtshakazi geqe. Ke zonke ngequbuliso elinesine umlawuli wagula waza wafa. Dolgorukovs wenza intando wasentsomini apho umlawuli wenza ezihlangwini kwitrone njengomtshakazi wakhe. Kodwa ke la maxwebhu akahambi bakholwa ixesha elide Dolgorukovy wathumela ekuthinjweni, nayo yonke impahla yabo yadluliselwa nguNondyebo.

Iapatmenti kwinkulungwane XVIII

Manor Gorenki (photo ungabona ngezantsi) ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth yaba impahla Count Razumovsky. Yena waba chorister of kwikwayara yecawa, yaye kamva waba akholana uKumkanikazi. Razumovsky ngo 1747 wagqiba ekubeni yakhiwe indlu. Ngelo xesha yena iqala ulwakhiwo Church of All-Nomusa uMsindisi.

Ababhali-mbali bathi ukuba xa Alexei Razumovsky Manor waqala ikhula. Xa sele ohlayo komkhulu, ukuba eyaqhotyoshelwa nomnyango grand kwindawo uhlobo lwamandulo Troff amhlophe ubude. Ehlabathini bhotwe uqoqo ipaki esihle kunye kwamachibi enikezelanayo nemiqolomba ngumntu. Kwaye ngo-1809 ilifa wadalwa Gorenki Botanical Society, ngowokuqala eRashiya. kwabakho wahlelwa ngexesha enkulukazi leencwadi malunga nenzululwazi yezobugqi.

Kufuneka ke ukuba umnini welifa ubehleli emthanda neqhayiya izityalo ezinqabileyo, ukufuya apho wayesebenza ndisemncinane. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe kwilifa Gorenki Balashikha wabonakala umyezo enkulu zezityalo kunye zokugcina, owakhulayo malunga asixhenxe amawaka izityalo emangalisayo evela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Apha kwabakho nezityalo eziluhlaza, apho kunzima kakhulu ukuba siqhelane imozulu yasekuhlaleni. Igadi ilinywe bamboo nemisedare Chinese, ipayini southern kunye nemithi yesundu. Ezi babedla weza evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, babubone indalo Razumovsky.

Kuba ezi fama ezinkulu wakhangela F. B. Fisher - eyaziwa Scientist-yezityalo, owathi kamva waya i Botanical Gardens e St. Petersburg. abantwana esemthethweni i Earl yayingekho, ngoko yonke impahla emva kokufa kwakhe, kuquka Manor Gorenki, wegqitha abantwana umninawa. Xa ukwahlulwa welifa Manor waya Alexei Kirillovich, owathiywa xesha yezityalo sele ezaziwayo-kakuhle, lowo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "Russian Linnaeus."

Naye phezu kwendawo waqala ukwakha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Iimali ngenxa yembonakalo welifa Alexey K. basinda. Yena akalambathi kubo ngenxa yokuba umtshato uphumelele ku V. P. Sheremetevoy.

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII

Ngeli xesha Manor Gorenki e Moscow itshintshe kakhulu: indlu Manor ezinemigangatho emithathu-wawusakhiwa wezakhiwo yaseSkotlani Adama Adamovicha Menelasa. olungaphambili kwayo zinokuhonjiswa ose- Troff ezintandathu enkulu emhlophe. mbali Modern kunye mbali bobugcisa bakholelwa ukuba ukusekwa ingqiqo yalo eyasetyenziswa kwi kuyilo ibhotwe Perov wezakhiwo odumileyo omkhulu Rastrelli.

Gorenki estate lwalwenziwe kwi indlela yamandulo. Phambi kokuba isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu yaba menagerie, yaye kwelinye icala wamiswa iitafile, ezihonjiswe imifanekiso. Ukusuka kwakhe ukuya kwichibi kwakukho ngezinyuko ububanzi.

ipaki

Amachibi kunye grottoes, iibhulorho, aphoswe ziqithi, yoTyalo-rotunda kwaye, kakade, izithuba green esihle park IsiNgesi Classic. Meneles umyili yasebenza Razumovsky, usapho Stroganov, waza wagqiba ekubeni uhlale eRashiya ngonaphakade. Yena waba yimbangi iiprojekthi ezizodwa, apho ezaziwayo neeperile yobugcisa bokwakha - Alexandria Park kunye Ikhotheji Ibhotwe e Peterhof Palace Reserve (Tsarskoye Selo), Arsenal (Alexander Park).

ixesha Manor yokwehla

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1812) Manor ubunzima lukhulu. Emva kokufa Alexei Kirillovich (1822) fumene kwilifa, Prince Yusupov. Ababhali-mbali bathi Razumovsky akukho kakhulu wacinga ngubani oza kufumana nandawo Gorenki. Ababephila amangalelwe memoirs bakhe ubalo ngaphezu wayemthanda waza wathabatha unonophelo kwezityalo zakhe ngaphezu kwabantwana.

Ekubeni lokuzalwa yamandulo Yusupov ezinxibelelene ngemisebenzi emininzi bokwakha. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba uninzi buvele ebhotwe, ipaki lomculo e Arkhangelsk sidalwe ngokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwilifa imithi Gorenki, izityalo gases kwaye eqingqiweyo.

nomonakalo Manor

Emva kokufa A. K. Razumovskogo Gorenki kwimbali Manor kwafika sempumelelo. Iinqobo eqokelelweyo kuzo kule minyaka, kuye bathengiselwe abantu ezahlukeneyo. Library and herbarium wayithenga Alexander I, ezinye izinto bathenga abanini ukusuka emizini ejikelezileyo, kwaye Yusupov kwilifa kanye wathengiswa abarhwebi potter, Nezingathanga umdla ulondolozo Manor yinzwakazi. Xa estate yabo ezidilikileyo weza azisalungiseki.

Indlu Manor obutofotofo waqala ukusebenza mveliso ezimbini nezindlu ngomthi kubasebenzi zakhiwa epakini. Ukususela kule ngokutsha sichaphazele kuphela indlu kodwa ipaka zilurhangqile. Maria Tretyakova, umnini kokugqibela jikelele wadlula indlu yokuqasha endlwini.

Kuphela umnini yokugqibela welifa, usomashishini Sevryugov, wazama ukuba aphaphame. Phambi kokuba revolution wasebenzisa ezisemagqabini ngelo mali ngexesha wokubuyisela kwilifa ngayo. i ngaphakathi ziye zabuyiselwa ekhaya, ivathisiwe lwefacade icocwe amachibi. umsebenzi Ukubuyiselwa kweliso umyili owaziwayo Chernyshev. ikratshi lakhe kwiHolo Golden kumgangatho wokuqala wendlu. umsebenzi sistucco ihonjiswe kwi iisilingi yayo isagciniwe nangoku.

Asinto Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso isikali yokubuyiselwa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba abakhi, kwafuneka ukuba yakhiwe idlulela lwezindlu onakaliswa ngexesha isitofu iiglasi zazo mveliso, balahle Ezingxingweni ephikweni limise endaweni yayo kwivaranda, wokonakalisa yonke izakhiwo umthi epakini, abuyisele westucco kwaye ukupeyinta indlu. Noko ke, Manor wabuyiselwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1917.

Gorenki Manor kumaxesha eSoviet: i kwesizwe

Kule eko welifa zadliwa uhulumeni, yaye kangangexesha elithile kwakukho ikhaya labantwana. Ngowe-1925 baye bahambisa sibhedlele "Red Rose" kwizigulane TB. Got igama layo imbeko Rosa eLuxemburg. Hi ndlela leyi, uyaqhubeka ukusebenza namhlanje. izakhiwo ezingqongileyo waqala kuwa cottagers ehlotyeni. Kukho ubungqina bokuba enye yezindlu lizwe yengingqi ixesha elide umkhaya Meyerhold.

Manor namhlanje

Ebudeni beminyaka yolawulo yiSoviet yokugula-ukhawule kwezoqoqosho kuye kwabangela umonakalo noqhekeko kulo lonke ezintsonkothileyo. Eyakhelwe nommandla wayo kwawugcina phantse yonke, kodwa enyanisweni epakini yayekwa wawa azisalungiseki. Amachibi ezisixhenxe ezilahlekileyo ezine, bagawule imithi emininzi, akukho abo eminqubeni olugqibeleleyo, rotundas, wasinda iibhulorho ezimbini kuphela, kodwa imeko yabo yayimbi.

Kwivaranda esuka kwindlu enkulu ukuya kwindlwana, ayegqunyelelwe elinamatyholo, yaye iqondo kwintshabalalo ngakumbi ngathi itempile yamandulo. Ukususela ezehla kwakhokelela epakini, kwakukho iziqwenga ezincinane ilahlekile nookhozi ukusuka kwamanqwanqwa ukuba kanye ihonjiswe.

Le paki phezu kweenxweme ichibi une zokwakha umdla igadi kunye ipaki kwilifa Gorenki. Grot - isakhiwo semi-angaphantsi kwakhiwa ukusuka wophawu enkulu, nto leyo iphumela ukusuka eludongeni, ngathi amazinyo irhamncwa omkhulu. Xa iziko le holo angqukuva yendlela ezintathu elimxinwa, jiko. Eluphahleni GROTTO folokohlo iindawo. Kutheni le sibonelelo - ngenxa yovuyo kaNdikhoyo okanye efihlakeleyo ebandayo, kunye nokuchaneka akukho namnye unako ukuthi, Noko ke, ngokubona kwethu, uguqulelo yesibini esengqiqweni ngakumbi.

Groth uye legend yaso, nto leyo ithi xa ilifa ebeyinalo mhlaba D. N. Saltykovoy (Saltychikha) eyaziwa nomsindo kakhulu, iseyilana yakhe yasetyenziswa uze kusithuthumbisa na ngamakhoboka. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina kuba asiyiyo, kwaye nje lamandulo. Ngexesha ngokutsha yokugqibela GROTTO yaphila, kodwa namhlanje engagqibekanga inciphisiwe kwakhona.

Iya kubuyiselwa Manor Yenza?

Iingcali zembali Russian akazange alilahle ithemba lokuba oku kuza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye zonke ezi zinto zifuneka kuqala: kutshanje nandawo ibhengeze lesikhumbuzo zembali, ikhuselwe ngurhulumente. Kutsha nje kukho waqala umsebenzi wokulungisa, kodwa bayachatshazelwa lwefacade zezakhiwo kunye yinxalenye encinane epakini. imeko elungileyo izakhiwo kuvumela ukuba nethemba lokuba ekugqibeleni ilifa ukufumana eyakho unique inkangeleko yayo yoqobo. Ndingathanda ukubona ngamaxesha anzima zethu kwakukho abathengi, ebona ukuba inkcubeko Russian.

Manor Gorenki: ukuba indlela apho?

Ilifa ukwakweli icala langasezantsi Nizhny Novgorod kuhola wendlela. Idilesi ngqo Gorenki Manor: abathanda indlela, 2. linokufikeleleka ngemoto, ngololiwe nebhasi.

Indlela ukuya emotweni Gorenki Manor? Ukususela capital kufuneka uye endleleni M7 uze ulandele oko Balashikha. Ilifa uya kubona kwicala lasekunene endleleni.

Kunye kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Kursk ukuhamba ukuqeqesha kwisikhululo Gorenki yonke imihla. Ukususela ukuba le nemihlaba kufuneka Kwathi malunga ezimbini km. Ungathatha ibhasi # 336, nto leyo isuka ukusuka 'yabanqolobi "station metro. Umqhubi kufuneka kucelwa ukuba ayeke ibhasi kwi kwilifa, ngaphambi kokuba afike isixeko.

A amagama ambalwa esiphelweni

Nangona iminyaka emininzi kakubi, Manor Gorenki igcinwe -ngenxa welifa omdala Russian amanene. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, indlu kunye park ezilahlekileyo ubuhle bayo yokuqala, kwaye ayinakuze ithelekiswe kunye nempahla abaziwayo ezifana Kuskovo kunye Arkhangelskoye. Kodwa ke isimo yayo yangoku umoya ezikhethekileyo nga abanokuthi kanti abanazo kuphela xa ukutyelela le ndawo emangalisayo.