UMlawuli Peter II: biography, ingakumbi karhulumente, imbali kunye nohlaziyo

Catherine I no Peter II walawula abangama leminyaka emi-5 kuphela. Noko ke, ngelo xesha bakwazi abatshabalalise abaninzi namaziko kunye ubunzima obukhulu wawenza kuneyokuqala enkulu. Akukho nto Peter I phambi kokufa kwakhe awaba nako ukukhetha ezihlangwini Ufanele, nenokuthi kuba intliziyo ehlambulukileyo ukunika itrone.

Ingakumbi wobukumkani ezingasebenzi yaba umzukulwana soMhlekazi lokuqala Russian.

abazali

Lo mlawuli elizayo Peter II - oku ummeli yokugqibela Romanov ubukhosi ngokuhambelana oyindoda ngqo. Abazali bakhe Tsarevich Aleksey Petrovich kunye German Princess uCharlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. uyise wakhe umntwana akathandwa abasoloko wenza uyise grand. Umtshato Alexei waba dynastic kwaye watshata ngokwemiyalelo Peter I. Princess uCharlotte naye akazange gqitha yi nethemba ukuya kwi "impangele" njengoko umfazi indoda akukho yakhe umfana zasemzini, musa ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo.

Enoba oko, lo mtshato kwenzeka ngo-1711. Umtshato ubukho kangangeminyaka emine nje kuphela, aphela emva kokufa komyeni wakhe wokuzalwa inkwenkwe, ogama lakhe behlonipha uyisemkhulu wakhe uPetros.

Umbhalo: Childhood

Ngexesha lokuzalwa (12 Oktobha 1715), umlawuli elizayo Peter II yaba Olwa yesithathu ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. Nangona kunjalo, le meko yathatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Inyaniso yokuba umalume wakhe wazalwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva. Usana nalo kuthiwa nguPetros, echasene bonke isiko, yaye ngoFebruwari 1718 waza wabhengezwa indlalifa yokucima umzalwana - Alexei. Ngoko ke, lo mlawuli umzukulwana ebuntwaneni yaba limfiliba kunye neenkedama, njengokuba yena akazange abe umama ekuqaleni uyise akazange abonise umdla kuye, wabulawa. ukufa Peter Petrovich Kwanasemva kokuba wayengekho kufutshane enkundleni, njengoko utatomkhulu, ngubani wagqiba proekzamenovat prince wafumanisa ukungazi ngokupheleleyo.

Umbuzo kahle

Ngokuba yonke imithetho dynastic emva kokufa uPetros ndithatha kwetrone yindlalifa yakhe yedwa kumgca eyindoda. Noko ke, abaninzi amalungu izinduna enkulu, zisayinwe logunyaziso ekufeni Prince Alexei yaye sengqondo kuyo, ulungisa babesoyikela ubomi babo xa kuthe ukulawula kwitrone unyana wakhe.

Ngoko ke inkundla kwasekwa amaqela amabini: ekuxhaseni usana uPetros, eliquka abachasi bakhe. Le yokugqibela wafumana inkxaso yomeleleyo soMhlekazi, lowo isalelo kwi ukupheliswa ngumthetho omdala, leyo ukuba ukuqeshwa indlalifa lokumkani kulowo ibona ukuyithabatha kwetrone. Ekubeni uPetros akazange abe nexesha lokwenza oko ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, abahlobo bakhe - Menshikov - wakwazi ukuba etroneni uKumkanikazi uCatherine. Noko ke, umthetheli-onamandla onke wayesazi ukuba uza kulawula elide, yaye ingcamango imngene Romanov yindoda kuphela intombi yakhe uMariya. Ngoko, ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko kuba uyisemkhulu yindlalifa kwitrone ubuse lizwe ngokokubona kwayo.

Ukuze wenze oku, wada uthethathethwano enomsindo uMariya Menshikova yaye wazuza ingqalelo predoplagaemogo nyana-yindlalifa.

Ukuvuma sobukhosi

UCatherine I wafa Meyi 6, 1727. Xa ufunda lo myolelo, kufunyaniswe ukuba kuphela oko kumisela umzukulwana yindlalifa yendoda yakhe, kodwa wayalela bonke ukuququzelela ukuqukunjelwa womtshato phakathi kwakhe intombi ka-Alexander Menshikov. Last Intando uKumkanikazi lwenziwa, kodwa ukususela uPetros II ekufikelelwa lokutshata, lelona isaziso emva kwaleyo. Ngelo xesha linye lizwe waba ngumlawuli iBhunga Ephakamileyo, leyo iphenjelelwa inganga wayesele eza kuba ekugqibeleni uvavanyo umlawuli.

Peter II: Ibhodi

WoMlawuli elivisayo ngenxa yobudala kunye nobuchule babo azibanga nako kulawula yedwa. Ngenxa yoko, amandla kuqala phantse ngokupheleleyo ezandleni uvavanyo eyenzelwe yona. Njengokuba kunjalo uCatherine I, eli lizwe yayilawulwa inertia. Nangona ngamagosa abaninzi bazama ukulandela Izimiselo Peter I, kodwa wadala inkqubo yezopolitiko ngaphandle phambi kwakhe nako isebenze kakuhle.

Noko ke, Menshikov wazama ngandlela zonke ukwandisa ngokuthandwa phakathi kwabantu lo kumkani uselula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uye wenza egameni zimbini Manifesto. Ngomhla wokuqala kubo elubhacweni entolongweni ngenxa lokubaleka werhafu nabazono irhoxisiwe ityala serf endala kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo. Ukongeza, wathambisa kakhulu isohlwayo. Ngokomzekelo, akuvumelekile ukuba ukubonisa esidlangalaleni umzimba kubulawa.

Endle yorhwebo langaphandle kwakhona imfuneko elide asemva utshintsho esisiseko. Peter II, kanye ngqo kuye, Alexander Menshikov, kunciphise umsebenzi kwi hemp vulu kwaye ayaphuma phesheya, ukwenzela ukunyusa ingeniso ye wokulondoloza imali, kwaye uboya ifandesi eSiberia kwavunyelwana baxolelwe ingeniso karhulumente ukusuka umdla.

Enye into yaba kuthintelo Menshikov oliqhophololo ibhotwe nawokuwisa urhulumente wakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, uyakwazi, wazama ukuba abe nobubele maqabane zabo endala. Ngokukodwa, ukuba igama umlawuli elinikwe isikhundla Marshal Prince Dolgorukov kunye Troubetzkoy, kunye Burchard Minikh. Ingxelo njengoko Menshikov banikwe isihloko umphathi in abaziintloko generalissimo yomkhosi Russian.

Utshintsho kwamandla

Nge ubudala, umlawuli oselula ukukhula abandayo Menshikov. Kulo mba, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa Osterman, ngubani njengomfundisi wakhe, wazama ngandlela zonke nokuze umfundi wakhe kumabamba bOyena kuphole Prince. Yena wancediswa Ivan Dolgoruky, owayefuna ukutshata uPetros II, udade wabo Princess uCatherine.

Xa ngehlobo lika 1727 Menshikov wagula, abachasi bakhe baye babonisa ukuba izinto umlawuli uphando uselula kwimeko Tsarevich Alexei. Kwezi, wafunda malunga nendima uyise umtshakazi yakhe ngecala Isohlwayo sabo, unyana ka-Peter I.

Xa Menshikov wabuyela emsebenzini, yajika ukuba unyana elizayo washiya ibhotwe lakhe kwaye ngoku bonke mibuzo kuxoxwe kuphela Ostermann kunye Dolgoruky.

Kungekudala serene Prince watyholwa izimali nokuceba kunye elubhacweni kunye nentsapho yakhe Tobolsk buthelezi.

Peter II Sam bafudukela eMoscow isaziso egane Ekaterinoy Dolgorukoy. Ngoku shi zokuzonwabisa, kodwa umbuso olawulwa yi nezalamane kutshata nayo.

ukufa

NgoJanuwari 6, 1730 emva kokuba vodoosvescheniya kwi Moscow River Peter II wathabatha imikhosi yamajoni kwaye kulula kakhulu. Ukufika kwabo ekhaya, kwafumaniseka ukuba unesifo ekupheliseni ingqakaqa. Ngokutsho amangqina ingqondo yakhe, yena wayezimisele ukuya udade wabo ngaye, yena wafa kwiminyaka nje embalwa ngaphambili. Umlawuli wafa kwiintsuku ezili-12 kamva waza waba irhuluneli lokugqibela Russian, ngubani wangcwatyelwa yesicelo i-zingelosi Cathedral.

Personality Peter II

Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, umlawuli elivisayo kwakungekho ingqondo okanye konikezelo umsebenzi. Ukongeza, ukuba abangafundanga, ezo ke ayimangalisi xa ucinge ukuba yena akazange waba kweliso efanelekileyo omdala. neyethu bakhe kunye nambeko ngokufuthi kwabangela isiphithiphithi phakathi oonozakuzaku abolunye uhlanga beza eRashiya thaca enkundleni. Nokuba uthe waba nako ukusinda ukuya ebudaleni, akubonakali urhulumente wakhe wayeza kuba kuhle ukuba lizwe.