MANPADS "Stinger": iimpawu kunye uthelekiso kunye analogue

Phakathi izixhobo zale mihla, primyanyaemogo kwiimbambano asekuhlaleni ngokubanzi, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa MANPADS. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu zombini kwi imikhosi ithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho abagrogrisi ekulweni ekujoliswe moya. Oku kubhekiselele kule hlobo izixhobo kugqalwa i MANPADS American "Stinger".

Imbali indalo kunye nokuphunyezwa

MANPADS "Stinger" iyilwe yaye eyenziwe kwi-US corporation General Dynamics. Ekuqaleni kwale nkqubo izixhobo libhekisela 1967. Ngowe-1971, ingqiqo MANPADS yavunywa yi-US Army neyamkelweyo njenge prototype yokuphuculwa elizayo phantsi kophawu fim-92. Unyaka olandelayo samkelwa kunye negama layo zomthonyama "Stinger", nto leyo liguqulelwe IsiNgesi. Kuthetha "ubuhlungu bokufa".

Ngenxa ubunzima technical kuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni yokuqala yokwenene enomjukujelwa ukusuka kwisakhiwo kwenzeka kuphela phakathi ku-1975. Imveliso lothotho inani MANPADS "Stinger 'kwaqala ngo-1978 ngenjongo wokususa MANPADS eziphelelwe fim-43 Red Eye, kukhupho ukususela 1968.

Ukongeza imodeli esisiseko saphuhliswa kwaye kuveliswa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezu kweshumi esi sixhobo.

Ubukho emhlabeni

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, MANPADS "Stinger" kuphumelele iinkqubo MANPADS "Red Eye". amagalelo zayo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokujongana neethagethi zomoya ephantsi-ukuphakama. Okwangoku, i izakhiwo uhlobo esetyenziswa yi semkhosini eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe 29, ukuba ziveliswa Raytheon Missile Systems kwaye phantsi mvume EADS eJamani. inkqubo izixhobo "Stinger" inika ukuziphendulela umoya ethembekileyo ukuba kweeyunithi eziziimobhayili ezisentlabathini zomkhosi phambili. impumelelo yayo yokulwa singqiniwe kule mfazwe ezine ezinkulu, apho ngoncedo yayo iye atshabalalisa ngaphezu 270 yokulwa moya kunye ntaka.

Injongo iimpawu

MANPADS ingqalelo - a, inkqubo ukhuselo ayisindi liqulathwe-ngokwalo umoya ezinokuthi ngokukhawuleza eziku kumaqonga zomkhosi kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokulwa. Kuba ngangoko angako Ngokweenjongo MANPADS "Stinger" linokusetyenziswa? Iimpawu imijukujelwa, ekhokelwa microprocessors reprogrammable Ungasebenzisa bobabini ukuqala ukusuka ntaka ikwimo 'umoya-moya' ukuba kuliwe ekujoliswe emoyeni, kwakunye nezokhuselo kwi imo "umhlaba-to-moya". Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba bekusungulwa gunner ukhululekile ukuba ukubaleka, ukunqanda umlilo ukubuya, ngaloo ndlela ekufezekiseni ukusebenza zalo zokhuseleko kunye ukulwa.

I irula linobude 1.52 m kanye ububanzi of 70 mm kunye ukuphakama-10 cm ezine imiphezulu ulawulo ashukimisayo (ezimbini kuzo rotary, yaye ezimbini - stills) kwi isaphetha. Oko: Umlinganiseli 10.1 kg, ngeli ubunzima rocket evela isindululi imalunga 15.2 kg.

Ezahlukeneyo ze MANPADS "Stinger"

- fim-92A: kwinguqulelo yokuqala.

- fim - 92C: ngexabiso kunye reprogrammiruemym isilawuli. Isiphumo yokuphazamiseka lwangaphandle sele mababuyekezwe ngokongeza components ikhompyutha enamandla ngaphezu digital. Ukongeza, yokuqalisa software ngoku alungiswa ukuze kwixesha elifutshane ukusabela ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo iintlobo ezintsha zokumelana (jamming kunye decoys). Phambi ko 1991, iiyunithi malunga nama-20 000 kuphela i US Army sikhutshwe.

- fim-92D: Izilungiso ezininzi ezithe zasetyenziswa kwesi guqulelo ukuze omzimba kuphazamiseko.

- fim-92E: ngexabiso kunye reprogrammiruemym isilawuli Block I. Ukufaka woluvo roller entsha, uhlaziyo lwesoftwe kunye nolawulo zikhokelele ukuphucuka okubonakalayo kulawulo imizili yokubhabha. Ukongeza, ukusebenza wentshabalalo iithagethi ezincinane, ezifana drones, imijukujelwa imikhumbi kunye ntaka ukukhanya kwesimo kuye kwaphuculwa. Ukusiwa waqala ngo-1995. Phantse yonke nemfuyo evuthayo "Stinger" eUnited States liye lathatyathelw kulo nguqulo.

- fim-92F: engaphezulu ekuphuculeni ukufundiswa kwe-E-uguqulelo kunye nenguqulelo zemveliso yangoku.

- fim - 92G: uhlaziyo elingachazwanga ukuba khetho D.

- fim - 92H: D-ukhetho kuphucuke kwaya kuma kwinqanaba E-uguqulelo.

- fim-92I: ngexabiso kunye Block reprogrammiruemym isilawuli II. Le nguqulelo sele ezicwangcisiweyo isekelwe kwinguqulelo E. Uphuculo yayiquka homing infrared. Kulo ukuguqulwa, lo Ubhaqo umgama ekujoliswe kunye nesakhono ukuze soyise uphazamiseko anda kakhulu. Ukongeza, utshintsho uyilo nga ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa uluhlu amanyathelo. Nangona umsebenzi ifikelele kwinqanaba uvavanyo, ucwangciso kwayekwa 2002 ngenxa yezizathu zebhajethi.

- fim-92J: imijukujelwa kunye Block reprogrammiruemym isilawuli I ezinyuselweyo amacandelo lixesha ukuba sandise ubomi ngomnye iminyaka eli-10. Le warhead kananjalo mayixhotyiswe fuse proximity ngobuchule nxamnye drones.

ADSM, kwezithandani kweenkqubo umoya zokhuselo: eyongeziweyo lobeko ezinezinye yerada homing zezenzi, olu khetho nazo zinokusetyenziswa nxamnye ufakelo radar.

indlela yokuqalisa imizili

MPADS American "ulwamvila" (fim-92) iqulathe INJONGO-92 enomjukujelwa list nzima udaroustojchivyj ngebhegi sungula bhokisi. On zombini uphetha it is ezineziciko ezivaliweyo. Phambi kwabo phe infrared kunye ultraviolet radiation, zihlahlelwe homing. Eqalweni-up, nesigubungelo rocket eyaphukileyo. Isiciko sangasemva isikhongozeli itshabalele jet igesi ukusuka somelezi. Ngenxa yokuba nemilomo namafutha amalungiselelo obliquely ngokuphathelele esqwini enomjukujelwa, kusesemini ngamashishini kwisikhongozeli ngokusesikweni izuza isiphakamiso rotary. Emva kokukhululwa umjukujelwa kwisikhongozeli ngumsila inxalenye yayo zidizwa somfanekiso zine zilungiswe kwi-engile umzimba. Ngale ndlela malunga axis yayo torque yokusebenza flight.

Emva kokuba Ukumka umjukujelwa kumgama oziimitha 8 ukusuka kwizomelezi nomsebenzisi siyahlukana naye waza waqalisa uhambo imoto yeqonga-mbini. It ibalekisa enomjukujelwa Velocity to m 2.2 (750 m / s) kwaye igcine ukuba ukubhabha yonke.

A indlela ejolise kwaye nangembabala imijukujelwa

Siza kuqhubekeka ukuqwalasela MANPADS edume US. "Stinger" isebenzisa ekujoliswe nje air obefuna infrared. It ayikhuphi imitha olo lunokukhangela moya, kodwa endaweni ibhaqa amandla infrared (ubushushu) wakhululwa iinjongo jukwini. Ekubeni MANPADS "Stinger" isebenza kwimo homing kwisixando, le isixhobo ingqamana umgaqo 'umlilo ulibale ", nto leyo ayidingi umyalelo kumsebenzisi emva zokudubula, ngokungafaniyo nezinye imijukujelwa ukuba lulungiswe indlela yabo ukusuka emhlabeni. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba 'Stinger "ukulungele ukuba oyise ezinye iinjongo ngoko nangoko emva shot.

Le warhead Uhlobo onokudubula xa enobunzima ka-3 kg kunye uhlobo lwefuthe fuse kunye timer self-ngokwawo. Le warhead ubunjwe i infrared-isivamvo iinjongo qha icandelo ekuhlanganiseni enye iponti iziqhushumbisi eziphakamileyo, abhijelwe itankana of titanium pyrophoric. Ukuhlanganisa yeyona ekhuselekileyo kakhulu kwaye akavumeli umjukujelwa ukujongela naluphi na uhlobo radiation magnetic ngokulwa. Zikhali ukuba kupakwe kuphela xa kungquzulwano ngenjongo okanye ngenxa self-intshabalalo ukuba yenzeka ngexesha lemizuzwana-15 ukuya kweli-19 emva kokuqala.

device entsha abalibona

Iinguqulelo ezidlulileyo MANPADS zixhotyiswe nge AN / PAS-18 phambi rhoqo. Oku ixesha elide, ayisindi emehlweni thermal, nto leyo ifakwe kwi bhokisi lokwazisa, ukubonelela ubuchule ukuqalisa imijukujelwa ngalo naliphi na ixesha lemini. Le fowuni ilungiselelwe ukuba ukubhaqa moya ntaka ngaphandle uluhlu ubuninzi umjukujelwa.

Umsebenzi ophambili AN / PAS-18 - ukuphucula ukusebenza MANPADS. Isebenza ku obufanayo spectrum magnetic njengoko IR imijukujelwa lendoda, kwaye ibhaqa nayiphi imithombo infrared, hlolo olo lunokukhangela izinto kunye irula. Olu phawu kwakhona kwenza imisebenzi yenkxaso ucupho ebusuku. Ukusebenza ungenzi spectrum-infrared, AN / PAS-18 kuvumela ukuba gunner ukunika kujoliswe MPADS thuma emnyameni lilonke kwaye kwiimeko ukubonakala ephantsi (umz, inkungu, uthuli kunye umsi). Imini nobusuku AN / PAS-18 ukubona moya ngokugabadelayo. Phantsi kweemeko ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo, ubhaqo ibe kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-20 ukuya kwi-30. AN / PAS-18, i-olusebenzayo mncinane xa uzingela moya kwi iyenzeka, eziphaphazelayo ngqo abawasebenzisayo. Xa, oko akafumaneki iingceba zeemoto-moya yomzimba efihliweyo, okoko nje oko ngaphandle kwendawo 8-10 eqhele kumsebenzisi. Ubhaqo lomqolo kwandisa xa moya litshintsha lwayo yokusabela, ukubonelela i bonisa kaThixo zeemoto lakhe. AN / PAS-18 ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizuzwana eyi-10 emva kokuba amandla up. Oku kuxhaswa ibhetri lithium ebonelela iiyure 6-12 ubomi bebhetri. AN / PAS-18 umbono isixhobo Night abangabancedani kwaye akukho unesisombululo edingekayo ukuze kuchongwe i moya.

isicelo yokulwa

Xa ulungiselela ukusebenzisa isikhongozeli ukuya 'umnyele nge spetszamkov uzibandakanya senyanga, nto leyo esinye acwangciswe ngaphambili kwi unikezelo ngamandla. Yena ukuba usebenzisa USB a Isidibanisi iplagi liqhagamshelene ibhetri. Ukongezelela kumsebenzi womnatha kwi-kwibhodi ngokusebenzisa umlomo irula enxulumene noko itanki ulwelo kunye negesi egalelwe. Enye ifowuni olunoluncedo a iinjongo unit yokuchonga kwinkqubo "umhlobo okanye utshaba" (IFF). Le nkqubo-eriyali iye luphawu kakhulu "igridi" imbonakalo, nayo incamathele indlela ezibanga.

Ziingaphi abantu abaninzi bayakhuthazwa ukuba benze enomjukujelwa ukuphehlelelwa MANPADS "Stinger"? Iimpawu simvumele ukuba enze njalo umqhubi olunye, nangona ngokusesikweni inkonzo yayo kufuna abantu ababini. Kulo mzekelo, inani yesibini esweni isithuba umoya. Xa ithagethi wabonakala, komqhubi utolo ubeka iseti lwamagxa kwaye ikhokelela naye kwinjongo. Xa wayo umbala obubomvurha enomjukujelwa obefuna oluvakalayo kwakunye nongcangcazelo umkhosi, ngoko umqhubi kufuneka lokutyhala razarretirovat spetsknopki iqonga gyrostabilized oqhubeka sibhabhe indawo isalamane esisigxina emhlabeni, ukubonelela indawo lwephanyazo kolawulo ngezikhali. Kwalandelwa ngokucinezela 'umnyele, emva koko irhasi engamanzi egalelwe uzipholisa obefuna infrared ongena enomjukujelwa homing kwisikhongozeli ebhodini, uqala ukusebenza kwalo flight ibhetri ezilahliweyo kunye plug amandla detachable icinyiwe i somelezi lomphehlelelo squib.

kude njani zokudubula "Stinger"?

Adubula uluhlu MANPADS "Stinger" ukuphakama ka-3500 m. Le enomjukujelwa ufuna ukukhanya infrared (ubushushu) eveliswe yi-injini-moya ekujoliswe, kunye nembali moya, kulandela le mthombo infrared. Imijukujelwa ibeke UV "isithunzi" yento ekujoliswe kwaye usebenzise yona ukubalaselisa okujoliswe kwisiqalo nezinye izinto ezibangela ubushushu.

Uluhlu MANPADS "Stinger" ukufumana injongo uluhlu olubanzi iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo oko. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ngobuwena olusisiseko kuluhlu ubuninzi ilingana 4750 m, kwaye version fim-92E ide ifike 8 km.

TTX MANPADS "Stinger"

MANPADS Russian "Igla"

Le yaziwa ngokuba umdla ukuthelekisa iimpawu MANPADS "Stinger" yaye "Igla-S", owamkelwa Russian Army ngo-2001. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa mzuzu obethe MANPADS "Igla-S".

Zombini izakhiwo close imijukujelwa ubunzima: i "Stinger" - 10, 1 kg, kuba "Enalitini-C" - 11.7, nangona enomjukujelwa Russian 135 mm ubude. Kodwa ke ubukhulu komzimba zombini imijukujelwa lisondele kunene: 70 no-72 mm, ngokulandelelana. Zombini ezi ekwaziyo ukubetha ekujoliswe undizela ukuya kwiimitha 3500 nge-infrared homing warhead sobunzima malunga ngokulinganayo.

Kunye nezinye iimpawu indlela efanayo MANPADS "Stinger" kunye "yenaliti '? Thelekisa ubonisa zabo esondele ukubekwa amathuba, nto leyo kwakhona ingqina ukuba kumgangatho omnye iiprojekthi zokhuselo eSoviet usenokuba kuvuswa eRashiya ukuya imifuziselo best amazwe kwezixhobo.