Yintoni eyona mlweli phambili ehlabathini? I-karma kakhulu phezulu kwihlabathi 10

Ekubeni Second World War, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ngexesha imfazwe ezazingaphambi kwalo, ezifana njengoko imfazwe eSpeyin Abyssinia kwabonakala indima egwebayo ngeziphumo-moya zokulwa. noludumileyo Air umisela impumelelo. Waphinda baba Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iran kunye Iraq, kuMbindi Mpuma, Iraq, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi, wabona ukubaluleka moya emfazweni. Ngaphandle ukukwazi ukujongana ngempumelelo izenzo yokuhlasela kunye moya bomber kotshaba akukho ithuba lokuphumelela. Kwaye ngenxa ekufuneka kwaye esebenzisa zokhuselo, kunye nohlobo oluthile moya, nto leyo eziliqela iimpawu ezizodwa, ezifana isantya, uphume nobuthathaka ephantsi.

Izimvo kufuneka ibe yintoni mlweli ilungileyo, lutshintshe njani na ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngomhla olukhulu kule hlobo kwezixhobo zomkhosi ezichaphazelekayo technologies asakhulayo, kwaye amava azuzwe ngendleko umbingelelo omkhulu.

Banesifo kunye novalo, ixesha mbono iqhosha lemenyu

ESpeyin, isibhakabhaka kubonakaliswa kakuhle ukuba inqwelo-moya eSoviet I-16. Njengoko ka-1936, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, le mlweli ngcono ehlabathini. iinjineli yayo bureau yoyilo Polikarpov wasebenzisa izisombululo zakutshanje yobugcisa, revolution ixesha layo. Yaba imodeli yokuqala imveliso gear Cyber ebikhona, injini enamandla kunye kwezikhali (kubandakanywa amathuba yofakelo yaba imijukujelwa engakhokelwa). Kodwa mbuso "Chatos" ( "Afcon-nosed '- ngoko ke kwathiwa Republican ukuba iprofayili kwebhonethi) ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Esibhakabhakeni lokubonakala isiJamani "Messerschmitt-109", leyo ebudeni Second World War yathotyelwa zokuguqulwa eziliqela. Ukukhuphisana naye nje iinqwelomoya ezimbalwa, ezifana kwibakala kunye injini amandla, obukuye IsiNgesi "Spitfire" baza kamva kancinci i American "Mustang" phakathi.

Kodwa zonke iimpawu amahle, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana uvavanyo olunzulu ukujonga moya kakuhle. Karma, kuvela, ukuze babe ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kufuneka ukuba indlela esiwenza ngayo ngeendlela ezininzi.

Amahlanu, Korea

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe, kunye nesiqalo nokufika iinjini jet laba sisiqalo izizukulwane mlilo. Eyokuqala kwezi ungaquka iinjineli zophuhliso kokuqala ehlabathini lonke, yaqala wabuyela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-novalo. Kuba thina yaba Grant-9, kwi parameters usaye ukusuka 'Messerschmitt-262 ". Kakade phakathi yaseKorea kweMfazwe , amaMelika bothuka yi-Bamangaliswa emibi kubo.

Swift, compact kunye moya mig-15 otyunyuziweyo amandla ezibonakala ongagungqiyo ye US Strategic Air Umyalelo. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu Sivela isizukulwana yesibini. Emva koko waye mlweli ngcono ehlabathini, yaye kwakuthabatha ixesha yokuzakhela umdlali ofanelekileyo, nto leyo eye yaba "saber".

Gqira, Vietnam kunye noMbindi Mpuma

Ke kwakukho War Vietnam. Zezulu, ozibiyele kwi "inja onilwelayo" ezimbini umdlali ubomi, "Mbumbulu" kunye Grant-21. Ezi Jets bahluke kakhulu, kokubini ubukhulu kunye nobunzima, kwaye neqondo kwezikhali. American F-4 ubunzima kabini njengoko interceptor yiSoviet yaba ngaphantsi moya, kodwa zinezibonelelo ezininzi ukulwa aphakathi.

Ukumisela leyo mlweli ilungileyo walwa esibhakabhakeni Vietnamese, kunzima, kodwa amanqaku ewonke waba kwicala MIG. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo yokuba kwamaxabiso ezifanayo, moya eSoviet zibiza kakhulu (ngamanye amaxesha) atshiphu, koko, kwimeko isiphumo kwabathile edabini baseMerika ezilahlekileyo ngabaqhubi ezimbini endaweni enye. Zombini ezi ntaka sele isizukulwana yesithathu moya. Ngelo xesha, inkqubela waqhubeka interceptors zibeka ngonaphakade iimfuno engqongqo ngaphezulu.

Sizukulwana sesine, ukususela ngeminyaka

Ukususela ngo-1970, kuphuhliso lwamashisini moya mbono uye kwimigca entsha engundoqo. Avionics uye nje isixhobo ukubanceda abo basalingwayo xa uzingela iintshaba kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zokuqhuba inqanawa, wathabatha kwizinto eziliqela imisebenzi yolawulo. Kuye waba iqondo ebaluleke kakhulu ukubonakala-moya ukuya radar yotshaba. Useto Tshintsha iinjini nomxholo kumda wesangqa baqalisa ukutshintsha ukuba wenza ngokupheleleyo ukuwenza ngokukhawuleza. Ukumisela leyo mlweli ilungileyo bobabo nakwesesine isizukulwana, akulula, iimbono ngalo mbandela wahlukene. I-US F-15 ixhaswa, ingakumbi kwi-West, yaye iingxoxo zabo, uninzi lwazo na amava ngempumelelo yokulwa yengqesho "Eagle". Abanye bakholelwa ukuba isizukulwana yesine mlweli bakhulu ehlabathini - i Su-27 Russian-eyenziwe.

Izizukulwana ngezizukulwana

Generation interceptors jet yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye kwezizathu ezininzi, ngexesha kuphuhliso, imilo iphiko kunye nohlobo Ukwanda lolwazi kunye nezinye iikhrayitheriya, kodwa umahluko ocacileyo sibhalwe phakathi kwabo akusoloko kulula, kusesemini ukuxhomekeka. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuguqulwa MIG-21 nzulu njengoko iimpawu zayo eziphuculweyo, kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa malunga njengoko isizukulwana moya sesine phantse zonke izibonisi yokulwa ukusebenza.

Indlela design imibono

Interceptors kukho isizukulwana sesihlanu ngoku yakha isiseko Air Force of Russia kunye namanye amazwe yempucuko. Bakwazi ukwenza iindidi yokulwa imishini, ukukhusela elibala zamazwe abo, ukuba kuthengiswa kwisikhokelo yokusebenzisana emkhosini-technical kumaqabane ngobuchule. Kodwa ke umsebenzi iiprojekthi ezintsha rhoqo. iisampuli Advanced izixhobo moya mihla ezinye iimpawu ezahlula kubo langaphambili, nto leyo enika isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba lo ithuba sele isizukulwana wesihlanu. iimpawu zayo ziquka i-radar ukubonakala ephantsi, va ngelizama ukususa zonke iindidi izixhobo, phambi kokuba zibekwe phezu umthwalo lwangaphandle kunye netheknoloji radar iginya imiphezulu, ukufumana ngesandla ngokukhanya baseMerika ebizwa ngokuba "cwaka." Ukongeza, yonke impumelelo zamvanje kwinkalo injini eyama yokujika kunye neenkqubo zolawulo kunye nendawo ukuya moya bobabo kwisizukulwana yakutshanje. Enye isicelo ebalulekileyo kuyilo izinto ezihlolwayo, leyo kunciphisa ubunzima kunye, kwakhona, kuphakamisa myezo. Kwakhona kufuneka loo namhlanje mlweli ilungileyo ehlabathini. Amafoto lo moya zingabonakali, imilo fuselage kunye iinqwelomoya emboxo ngakumbi, iinjini ushiye phantse ezingabonakaliyo umphunga trail kunye nemilomo babe engile olude ophezulu ujikelezo kunokwenzeka.

"Umzingeli"

Into nalezo efanayo, nangona imizobo ubeko ngokubanzi, nobugcisa parameters le interceptors moya yesihlanu-isizukulwana zahluke kakhulu. Ezi ziquka kuqala "Umzingeli" F-22. Iingcali, ubukhulu becala eMelika, bakholelwa ukuba ayikho - mlweli ngcono ehlabathini. Le ngxoxo iphambili kwicala lo mbono yokuba i "Umzingeli" - kuphela ehlabathini ngobuninzi obuvelisiweyo kunye nokwamkela umatshini ehambelana neemfuno interceptor sesihlanu-ngezizukulwana. Yonke eminye imifuziselo efanayo, kuquka eRashiya, iphantsi kophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa. Kukwakho into ebalulekileyo, uvumela ukuba athandabuze ukuchaneka izimvo ezinjalo. Isibakala sokuba F-22 akazange bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni, nendlela izakuziphatha kwi ledabi lokwenene ayaziwa. Ngaxa lithile, kwisakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso American ngokubanzi zipapashwe lahlukile bomber B-2, waza ke wajika ukuba nkqu radars lixesha yiSoviet, lo kwezikhali yomkhosi eYugoslavia, uyakwazi ukubona oko.

Yaye njengokuba nathi?

ERashiya, Kakade ke, musa ukuyishiya ngaphandle ingqalelo US izama ukufezekisa kubungangamsha emkhosini. Siceba ukwenza moya ukuba ungakhuphisana kunye interceptor eziphuhlileyo enokubakho utshaba. icebo lakhe 'sambathe nephiko "emva ngo-2005, kodwa ke iingxaki wamalela kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ukudalwa lwesampulu efanayo sentlalo kwi kwibhodi ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha iminyaka enye enesiqingatha, yaye imiqathango reference Sukhoi efunyenweyo ngo-1999. izibalo elula zibonisa ukuba umhla xa Russian Air Force uya kufumana mlweli ngcono ehlabathini, - 2014 okanye 2015.

Kulo kancinane yaziwa. Bayibiza loo projekthi ayikho inqwelo-moya nje okanye interceptor kunye Aviation ezintsonkothileyo kwebhola. (PAKFA - "P" imela ngendlela, "A" - Aviation, ezinye tautology Aircraft forgivable) isuka Weight -. Nama-20 tons, njengokuba e-US F-22 kwaye alukayifumani izixhobo F-35. iimpawu yamacebo okulwa uvumele ukusetyenziswa imoto kunye CPA encinane, isicelo iteknoloji encinane radiozametnosti. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo kwikhompyutha - eziphambili kakhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kuya kuba mlweli ngcono ehlabathini. T-50 - elinye iqonga igama PAKFA, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi khowudi sisebenze ukunika indlela eya notation classical "Su" kunye nani.

China

abahlobo bethu Chinese ixesha elide akuthethi imkhathaza umsebenzi yokuphuhlisa moya yayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo e China wakhetha ngumzekelo omhle eSoviet, ifumene igama elihle, wayithenga amaxwebhu zobugcisa eziveliswa isalathisi yayo, eyenziwa ngaba ileta Y (ukuba abahlali) okanye J (ngokuba emkhosini) kunye nenombolo. Noko ke, kwendyebo noqoqosho eminyaka edlulileyo, uye China ehlabathini studio jikelele, nizihlabe icandelo yabantu Aviation ukuqalisa kwi iiprojekthi zakho. Mhlawumbi, J-10 kwaye hayi mlweli ngcono ehlabathini, kodwa bonke TTD eyaziwa le nqwelo-moya wathi yena umatshini esengozini kwizizukulwana IV kunye V kunye ithuba lokuguquka ngakumbi. Isigqibo sokuqala kwesikim indibano jikelele (deltoid "idada" kungekho umsila sakudala) uthetha eli qhalo, ukuze eli xesha abenzi moya Chinese wenze ngaphandle mboleko zangaphandle, ebonisa indlela yayo.

Top hit umbukiso

Imbali ngenqwelomoya hlabathi zizityebi kunye impumelelo ebalaseleyo. Le lokufaka nje moya interceptor, eyaba wobugcisa ubunjineli, uya kuthabatha indawo kakhulu. Indlela ukukhetha mlweli engcono? Phakathi imifuziselo enempumelelo asingekhe silibale malunga La-5 kunye La-7, "Cobra", nto leyo walwa I. N. Kozhedub kunye AI Pokryshkin, French "isanga", IsiSwedish "Saab", IsiNgesi "Lightning" yaye ezinye iimoto ezininzi ezinamandla ezintle. Lo msebenzi nzima kukuba enoba ofezekileyo -moya yokulwa, kwaba soloko kukho iqela befanelekile. Ngoko ke, ukukala olunemiqathango lwe interceptor ubalaseleyo iyavakala ukwazisa ngababini:

1. "Messerschmitt-109," yaye "Spitfire". Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, moya eSoviet baba kulungile, kodwa naswela injini enamandla, ngoko ke baba ngaphandle uluhlu phezulu.
2. Mig-15 "hsen" F-86. Baye asenabo navoyevat kunye nezinye eKorea.
3. "Phantom" F-4-21 and Infrastructure Grant. Vietnam, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye nezinye iingxaki zomkhosi walatha ukuba amandla kunye nobuthathaka aba moya ezahlukeneyo.
4. «Eagle» F-15 nxamnye Su-27. "Eagle" unalo igama elihle kakhulu isicelo yayo nempumelelo ezinkundleni mihla. "Dry" akukho kunguhata kuye yokusebenza kakhulu zobugcisa Committe, kwaye kwezinye iimeko awongamileyo, kodwa amava combat akwanelanga ukuba uloyiso ngokupheleleyo kukhuphiswano itayitile 'lo mlweli ibalulekileyo ehlabathini. " 2014 kwaphawula ukwamkelwa Russian Air Force yokulwa iiyunithi elinesibini Su-35s, leyo kakhulu uguqulelo maxesha ye Su-27.
5. T-50 "Oluhlala". Abaphikisi, kubonakala kakhulu enesidima. Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba akuzange kwenzeke ngo-amadabi emoyeni, kodwa ukuba oku kuyenzeka kwixesha elizayo, kukho amathuba ephakamileyo imoto yethu lingapheli.

Uya kuba yintoni na mlweli bakhulu ehlabathini kule nkulungwane yama-21? Sinako kazi iingqiqo ezintsha kuza iinjineli, moya abayili elizayo. A ngekhulu uye kuphela nje iqalile, yaye zonke iimpawu zibonisa, kuya kuba lusilwa ...